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人工智能邏輯 (Logic in Artificial Intelligence)

Logic, as per the definition of the Oxford dictionary, is "the reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles and validity". In Artificial Intelligence also, it carries somewhat the same meaning. Logic can be defined as the proof or validation behind any reason provided. It is simply the ‘dialectics behind reasoning’. It was important to include logic in Artificial Intelligence because we want our agent (system) to think and act humanly, and for doing so, it should be capable of taking any decision based on the current situation. If we talk about normal human behavior, then a decision is made by choosing an option from the various available options. There are reasons behind selecting or rejecting an option. So, our artificial agent should also work in this manner.

根據牛津詞典的定義， 邏輯是“根據嚴格的原則和有效性進行或評估的推理” 。 在人工智能中 ，它也具有相同的含義。 邏輯可以定義為提供任何理由的證據或驗證。 這僅僅是“推理背后的辯證法”。 將邏輯包含在人工智能中非常重要，因為我們希望我們的代理人 (系統)能夠思考和采取行動，為此，它應該能夠根據當前情況做出任何決定。 如果我們談論正常的人類行為，則可以通過從各種可用選項中選擇一個選項來做出決定。 選擇或拒絕選項背后有一些原因。 因此，我們的人工制劑也應以這種方式工作。

While taking any decision, the agent must provide specific reasons based on which the decision was taken. And this reasoning can be done by the agent only if the agent has the capability of understanding the logic.

在做出任何決定時，代理必須提供做出決定所依據的特定原因。 而且只有當代理具有理解邏輯的能力時，代理才能進行這種推理。

人工智能中的邏輯類型 (Types of logics in Artificial Intelligence)

In artificial Intelligence, we deal with two types of logics:

在人工智能中，我們處理兩種類型的邏輯 ：

Deductive logic

演繹邏輯

Inductive logic

歸納邏輯

1)演繹邏輯 (1) Deductive logic)

In deductive logic, the complete evidence is provided about the truth of the conclusion made. Here, the agent uses specific and accurate premises that lead to a specific conclusion. An example of this logic can be seen in an expert system designed to suggest medicines to the patient. The agent gives the complete proof about the medicines suggested by it, like the particular medicines are suggested to a person because the person has so and so symptoms.

在演繹邏輯中，提供了關于所得出結論真實性的完整證據。 在此，代理使用特定且準確的前提得出特定結論。 在設計用于向患者推薦藥物的專家系統中可以看到這種邏輯的一個例子。 代理商會提供有關其建議的藥物的完整證據，就像因為某人有某種癥狀而建議向某人推薦特定藥物一樣。

2)歸納邏輯 (2) Inductive logic)

In Inductive logic, the reasoning is done through a ‘bottom-up’ approach. What this means is that the agent here takes specific information and then generalizes it for the sake of complete understanding. An example of this can be seen in the natural language processing by an agent in which it sums up the words according to their category, i.e. verb, noun article, etc., and then infers the meaning of that sentence.

在歸納邏輯中，推理是通過“自下而上”的方法完成的。 這意味著代理在這里獲取特定信息，然后為了全面理解而將其概括化。 在自然語言處理過程中，代理可以看到一個例子，在該過程中，代理根據單詞的類別(即動詞，名詞冠詞等)對單詞求和，然后推斷出該句子的含義。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/ml-ai/what-is-logic-in-artificial-intelligence.aspx

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