信息系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)過程圖

1)上下文切換 (1) Context Switching)

Whenever a process is transferred within the system, it moves within different states. These states are known as the process states. When a process goes from one state to another state inside the system, then it is termed as context switching. It can be said that for executing, a process context switches between the different Process States. Context Switching is very important because, without it, a process cannot be executed.

每當進程在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移時，它就會在不同的狀態(tài)下移動。 這些狀態(tài)稱為過程狀態(tài)。 當進程從系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)到另一種狀態(tài)時，則稱為上下文切換。 可以說，為了執(zhí)行，過程上下文在不同的過程狀態(tài)之間切換。 上下文切換非常重要，因為沒有它，就無法執(zhí)行進程。

2)開銷 (2) Overhead)

As we know that the Running State is the most important state as it is the state in which the process executes inside the processor. So, to maximize the use of the processor and to increase the efficiency and performance of any system, the running state must never be empty. But there are cases when a process residing in the running state completes its execution and goes into the termination state, but due to unavailability of any process in the ready state, the dispatcher is not able to transfer any process into the running state and till that time the running state remains empty. This is known as overhead.

眾所周知，運行狀態(tài)是最重要的狀態(tài)，因為它是進程在處理器內(nèi)部執(zhí)行的狀態(tài)。 因此，為了最大程度地利用處理器并提高任何系統(tǒng)的效率和性能，運行狀態(tài)一定不能為空。 但是在某些情況下，處于運行狀態(tài)的進程會完成其執(zhí)行并進入終止狀態(tài)，但是由于任何處于就緒狀態(tài)的進程都不可用，因此調(diào)度程序無法將任何進程轉(zhuǎn)移到運行狀態(tài)，直到時間運行狀態(tài)保持為空。 這稱為開銷。

3)多重編程程度 (3) Degree of Multiprogramming)

It can be defined as the maximum number of processes that can be handled by the main memory at any particular instance of time. The degree of multiprogramming is maintained inside the main memory by the Mid Term Schedulers. This increases the speed and performance of the system.

它可以定義為主存儲器在任何特定時間實例可以處理的最大進程數(shù)。 中期調(diào)度程序?qū)⒍喑绦虻某潭缺３衷谥鞔鎯ζ髦小?這樣可以提高系統(tǒng)的速度和性能。

Graphically, the degree of multiprogramming can be represented as follows:

在圖形上，多重編程的程度可以表示為：

Here, throughput refers to the number of processes residing in the main memory at that particular instance of time. It is also termed as CPU utilization.

此處，吞吐量是指在該特定時間實例處主內(nèi)存中駐留的進程數(shù)。 也稱為CPU利用率。

4)調(diào)度員 (4) Dispatcher)

The Job of the dispatcher is to dispatch the scheduled processes from the Ready State to the Running State one by one. It should be noted that a process can enter into the running state from no other state but the ready state and this process of transferring the process from the ready state to the running state is performed by the dispatcher.

調(diào)度程序的工作是將已調(diào)度的進程從就緒狀態(tài)逐個調(diào)度到運行狀態(tài)。 應該注意的是，除了就緒狀態(tài)外，進程不能從其他狀態(tài)進入運行狀態(tài)，并且將進程從就緒狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移到運行狀態(tài)的該處理由調(diào)度程序執(zhí)行。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/important-terms-used-in-the-process-state-diagram.aspx

信息系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)過程圖

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