1.1 實驗任務<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

(1)??? 配置Loopback地址作為路由器的ID。 (2)??? 配置OSPF的進程并在相應的接口上啟用。 (3)??? OSPF起來后，更新計時器。

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1.2 實驗環境和網絡拓撲

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1.3 完成標準

(1)??? 按照拓撲圖正確連接三臺路由器。 (2)??? 完成Loopback地址的配置。 (3)??? 完成OSPF單域路由協議的配置。 (4)??? 完成OSPF計數器的配置。

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2．詳細操作步驟

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Step 1: 配置Loopback地址

?????? 配置路由器的A、B和C的接口IP地址和Loopback接口IP地址

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路由器A配置如下： Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#ho RA RA(config)#interface loopback 0??????????????????????????????????????????? //配置Loopback接口IP地址

RA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.11 255.255.255.255 RA(config-if)#exit RA(config)#in RA(config)#interface f0/0????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置端口F0/0 IP地址

RA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 RA(config-if)#no shut RA(config-if)#exit RA(config)#exit RA# *Dec? 4 18:23:27.891: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //端口F0/0，參數改變生效

*Dec? 4 18:23:28.739: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //通過console修改的配置

*Dec? 4 18:23:28.891: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up?????????????? ????????????? //在端口F0/0上的線路協議修改生效

*Dec? 4 18:27:36.723: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/0 (not full duplex), with Switcher FastEthernet0/1 (full duplex). //發現此設備F0/0（半雙工）和交換機F0/1（全雙工）沒有統一雙工

RA#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RA(config)#interface f0/0 RA(config-if)#duplex full?????????????????? //接口F0/0開啟全雙工

RA(config-if)#exit

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路由器B配置如下： Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#ho RB RB(config)#interface loopback 0???????????????????????????????????????????? //配置Loopback接口IP地址 RB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.22 255.255.255.255 RB(config-if)#exit RB(config)#interface f0/0????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置端口F0/0 IP地址 RB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 RB(config-if)#no shut RB(config-if)#exit RB(config)#exit RB# *Dec? 4 18:25:15.427: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state t o up *Dec? 4 18:25:15.875: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console *Dec? 4 18:25:16.427: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Dec? 4 18:27:36.923: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on FastEthernet0/0 (not full duplex), with Router FastEthernet0/2 (full duplex).

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RB#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RB(config)#interface f0/0 RB(config-if)#duplex full RB(config-if)#exit

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路由器C配置如下： Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#ho RC RC(config)#interface loopback 0???????????????????????????????????????????? //配置Loopback接口IP地址 RC(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.33 255.255.255.255 RC(config-if)#exit RC(config)#interface f0/0????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置端口F0/0 IP地址 RC(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 RC(config-if)#no shut RC(config-if)#exit RC(config)#exit RC# *Dec? 4 18:27:03.515: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state t o up *Dec? 4 18:27:03.595: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console *Dec? 4 18:27:04.515: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Dec? 4 18:27:36.823: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Fast Ethernet0/0 (not full duplex), with Router FastEthernet0/3 (full duplex). RC#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RC(config)#interface f0/0 RC(config-if)#duplex full RC(config-if)#exit *Dec? 4 18:32:37.975: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

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交換機信息如下： Switch# *Mar? 1 00:00:35.619: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Fast Ethernet0/3 (not half duplex), with RC FastEthernet0/0 (half duplex). *Mar? 1 00:00:48.463: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Fast Ethernet0/2 (not half duplex), with RB FastEthernet0/0 (half duplex). *Mar? 1 00:01:03.127: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Fast Ethernet0/1 (not half duplex), with RA FastEthernet0/0 (half duplex). //因為路由器所有接口默認半雙工而交換機所有接口默認全雙工，在不統一雙工情況下每隔數秒便會在未統一雙工的設備上出現提示信息。為路由器上接口配置全雙工模式后以上提示信息停止。

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Step 2: 配置OSPF的進程并在相應的接口上啟用

?????? 配置路由器A、B和C的OSPF單域路由協議

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路由器A配置如下： RA#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RA(config)#router ospf 10????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF，ID為10

RA(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />0.0.0.255 area 0?? //配置路由IP及區域ID

RA(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 area 0???? //配置路由IP及區域ID RA(config-router)#exit RA(config)#exit RA# *Dec? 4 18:34:49.619: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RA#show ip route????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? //顯示路有信息

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP ?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area ?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 ?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 ?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route ?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

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Gateway of last resort is not set??????????????????????????????????????? //未設置最終網關

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???? 192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets??????????????????? //192.168.31.0網段分出3個子網

O?????? 192.168.31.33 [110/2] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:10, FastEthernet0/0 //OSPF路由：192.168.31.33距離110，Cost2，通過192.168.1.3，連接了3分10秒，接口F0/0

O?????? 192.168.31.22 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:10, FastEthernet0/0 //OSPF路由：192.168.31.22距離110，Cost2，通過192.168.1.2，連接了3分10秒，接口F0/0

C?????? 192.168.31.11 is directly connected, Loopback0 //192.168.31.11是直連Loopback0

C??? 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 //192.168.1.0/24網段是直連接口F0/0

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RA#show ip ospf???????????????????????????????????????????????????? //查看OSPF信息

?Routing Process "ospf 10" with ID 192.168.31.11???? //路由進程ospf 10，ID 192.168.31.11

?Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes?????????????????? //支持單個TOS(TOS0)類路由器

?Supports opaque LSA??????????????????????????????????????????? //支持不透明的LSA

?Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)?????????????????????? //支持本地連接信號（LLS）

?Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs??????????????????????????? //初始SPF計劃延期5000毫秒

?Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?//兩個連續SPF之間最小保持時間10000毫秒

?Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?//兩個連續SPF之間最大等待時間10000毫秒

?Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs ?//最小LSA間隔時間5秒，最小LSA到達時間1秒

?LSA group pacing timer 240 secs?????????????????????????????????? //LSA組調步計時器240秒

?Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs????????????????????? //接口泛洪調步計時器33毫秒

?Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs????????????????????? //重傳調步計時器66毫秒

?Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?//外部LSA數量 0，總和檢查 總和0x000000

?Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?//不透明自治系統LSA數量 0，總和檢查 總和 0x000000

?Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?//外部非連接和非透明自治系統LSA數量 0

?Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?//外部非老化和非透明自治系統LSA數量 0

?Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa ?//這個路由器上的區域數量1，1個普通區域，0個末端區域，0個非純末端區域

?External flood list length 0???????????????????????????????????? //外部泛洪列數長度 0

??? Area BACKBONE(0)?????????????????????????????????????? //區域骨干 （0）

??????? Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback) ??????? //在這個區域內接口數量2（1個Loopback）

??????? Area has no authentication????????????????????????? //區域沒有認證

??????? SPF algorithm last executed 00:04:21.380 ago ????????????? //最短路徑優先算法最后執行時間4分21秒380 以前

??????? SPF algorithm executed 7 times ????????????? //最短路徑優先算法執行了7次

??????? Area ranges are???????????????????????????????????????? //區域范圍

??????? Number of LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x030A93 ????????????? //鏈路狀態通告數量4，總和檢查 總和 0x030A93

??????? Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ????????????? //非透明連接鏈路狀態通告數量 0，總和檢查 總和 0x000000

??????? Number of DCbitless LSA 0?????????????????????? //DCbitless 鏈路狀態通告數量 0

??????? Number of indication LSA 0?????????????????????? //指示LSA數量 0

??????? Number of DoNotAge LSA 0??????????????????????????? //DoNotAge LSA數量0

??????? Flood list length 0???????????????????????????????????? //泛洪列表長度0

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RA#show ip ospf neighbor?????????????????????????????????????? //查看OSPF鄰居

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Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time ??Address???????? Interface 192.168.31.22???? 1?? FULL/BDR??????? 00:00:32??? 192.168.1.2???? FastEthernet0/ 0 192.168.31.33???? 1?? FULL/DROTHER??? 00:00:34??? 192.168.1.3???? FastEthernet0/ 0 RA#show ip ospf database??????????????????????????????????????? //查看OSPF數據庫

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??????????? OSPF Router with ID (192.168.31.11) (Process ID 10)

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??????????????? Router Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count 192.168.31.11?? 192.168.31.11?? 381???????? 0x80000003 0x00D6B7 2 192.168.31.22?? 192.168.31.22?? 349???????? 0x80000003 0x00AEBD 2 192.168.31.33?? 192.168.31.33?? 301???????? 0x80000002 0x0088C2 2

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??????????????? Net Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum 192.168.1.1???? 192.168.31.11?? 301????? ???0x80000002 0x00FC5D show ip ospf interface f0/0?????????????????????????????????????? //查看OSPF接口狀態

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 10, Router ID 192.168.31.11, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? //進程ID 10，路由器ID 192.168.31.11，網絡類型 廣播，代價：1

? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 ? //傳送延遲1秒，狀態 指定路由器，優先級 1

? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.11, Interface address 192.168.1.1 ? //指定路由器（ID）192.168.31.11，接口地址 192.168.1.1

? Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.31.22, Interface address 192.168.1.2 ? //備份指定路由器（ID）192.168.31.22，接口地址 192.168.1.2

? Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 ? //計數器間隔配置，握手 10，死亡 40，等待 40，重傳 5

??? oob-resync timeout 40????????????????????????????????????? //oob-resync超時40

??? Hello due in 00:00:06??????????????????????????????? ?????? //握手在6秒間

? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0???????????????????????????? //索引1/1，泛洪列隊長度0

? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1???????????????????? //最后泛洪掃描長度1，最大1

? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? //最后泛洪掃描時間0毫秒，最大0毫秒

? Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2? //鄰居數量2，鄰接的鄰居數量2

Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.22? (Backup Designated Router) //鄰接的鄰居 192.168.31.22 （備份指定路由器）

Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.33 //鄰接的鄰居 192.168.31.33

? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)?????????????????????????????????? //禁止握手的鄰居數量 0

路由器B配置如下： RB#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RB(config)#router ospf 20????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF，ID為20 RB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0?? //配置路由IP及區域ID RB(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 area 0???? //配置路由IP及區域ID RB(config-router)#exit RB(config)#exit RB# *Dec? 4 18:35:22.051: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RB#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP ?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area ?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 ?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 ?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route ?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

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Gateway of last resort is not set

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???? 192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets O?????? 192.168.31.33 [110/2] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:16, FastEthernet0/0 C?????? 192.168.31.22 is directly connected, Loopback0 O?????? 192.168.31.11 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 00:03:16, FastEthernet0/0 C??? 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 RB#show ip ospf ?Routing Process "ospf 20" with ID 192.168.31.22 ?Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes ?Supports opaque LSA ?Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) ?Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs ?Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs ?LSA group pacing timer 240 secs ?Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs ?Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs ?Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa ?External flood list length 0 ??? Area BACKBONE(0) ??????? Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback) ??????? Area has no authentication ??????? SPF algorithm last executed 00:05:19.312 ago ??????? SPF algorithm executed 5 times ??????? Area ranges are ??????? Number of LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x030A93 ??????? Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ??????? Number of DCbitless LSA 0 ??????? Number of indication LSA 0 ??????? Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 ??????? Flood list length 0

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RB#show ip ospf neighbor

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Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time?? Address???????? Interface 192.168.31.11???? 1?? FULL/DR???????? 00:00:39??? 192.168.1.1???? FastEthernet0/ 0 192.168.31.33???? 1?? FULL/DROTHER??? 00:00:31??? 192.168.1.3???? FastEthernet0/ 0 RB#show ip ospf database

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??????????? OSPF Router with ID (192.168.31.22) (Process ID 20)

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?????????? ?????Router Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count 192.168.31.11?? 192.168.31.11?? 430???????? 0x80000003 0x00D6B7 2 192.168.31.22?? 192.168.31.22?? 398???????? 0x80000003 0x00AEBD 2 192.168.31.33? ?192.168.31.33?? 351???????? 0x80000002 0x0088C2 2

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??????????????? Net Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum 192.168.1.1???? 192.168.31.11?? 351???????? 0x80000002 0x00FC5D RB#show ip ospf interface f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.2/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 20, Router ID 192.168.31.22, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 ? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.11, Interface address 192.168.1.1 ? Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.31.22, Interface address 192.168.1.2 ? Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 ??? oob-resync timeout 40 ??? Hello due in 00:00:00 ? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 ? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 1 ? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.11? (Designated Router) ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.33 ? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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路由器C配置如下： RC#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RC(config)#router ospf 30????????????????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF，ID為30 RC(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0?? //配置路由IP及區域ID RC(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 area 0???? //配置路由IP及區域ID RC(config-router)#exit RC(config)#exit RC# *Dec? 4 18:35:46.755: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RC#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP ?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area ?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 ?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 ?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route ?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

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Gateway of last resort is not set

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???? 192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets C?????? 192.168.31.33 is directly connected, Loopback0 O?????? 192.168.31.22 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:25, FastEthernet0/0 O?????? 192.168.31.11 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 00:03:25, FastEthernet0/0 C??? 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 RC#show ip ospf ?Routing Process "ospf 30" with ID 192.168.31.33 ?Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes ?Supports opaque LSA ?Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) ?Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs ?Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs ?Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs ?LSA group pacing timer 240 secs ?Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs ?Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs ?Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ?Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 ?Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa ?External flood list length 0 ??? Area BACKBONE(0) ??????? Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback) ??????? Area has no authentication ??????? SPF algorithm last executed 00:06:02.584 ago ??????? SPF algorithm executed 3 times ??????? Area ranges are ??????? Number of LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x030A93 ??????? Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 ??????? Number of DCbitless LSA 0 ??????? Number of indication LSA 0 ??????? Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 ??????? Flood list length 0

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RC#show ip ospf neighbor

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Neighbor ID???? Pri?? State?????????? Dead Time?? Address???????? Interface 192.168.31.11???? 1?? FULL/DR???????? 00:00:31??? 192.168.1.1???? FastEthernet0/ 0 192.168.31.22???? 1?? FULL/BDR??????? 00:00:31??? 192.168.1.2???? FastEthernet0/ 0 RC#show ip ospf database

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??????????? OSPF Router with ID (192.168.31.33) (Process ID 30)

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??????????????? Router Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum Link count 192.168.31.11?? 192.168.31.11?? 468???????? 0x80000003 0x00D6B7 2 192.168.31.22?? 192.168.31.22?? 435???????? 0x80000003 0x00AEBD 2 192.168.31.33?? 192.168.31.33?? 387???????? 0x80000002 0x0088C2 2

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??????????????? Net Link States (Area 0)

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Link ID???????? ADV Router????? Age???????? Seq#?????? Checksum 192.168.1.1???? 192.168.31.11?? 387???????? 0x80000002 0x00FC5D RC#show ip ospf interface f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.3/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 30, Router ID 192.168.31.33, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 1 ? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.11, Interface address 192.168.1.1 ? Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.31.22, Interface address 192.168.1.2 ? Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 ??? oob-resync timeout 40 ??? Hello due in 00:00:05 ? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 ? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 1 ? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.11? (Designated Router) ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.22? (Backup Designated Router) ? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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Step 3: 更新計時器

配置路由器A、B和C上的Hello、Dead計數器

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路由器A配置如下： RA#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RA(config)#in RA(config)#interface f0/0 RA(config-if)#ip ospf Hello-interval 5??????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF握手間隔5

RA(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 20??????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF死亡間隔20

RA(config-if)#exit RA(config)#exit RA# *Dec? 4 18:42:36.863: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RA# *Dec? 4 18:42:49.707: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 192.168.31.22 on FastEther net0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired

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RA#show ip ospf interface f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 10, Router ID 192.168.31.11, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 ? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.11, Interface address 192.168.1.1 ? No backup designated router on this network ? Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 ? //計數器間隔時間配置，握手5，死亡20，等待20，重傳5

??? oob-resync timeout 40 ??? Hello due in 00:00:03 ? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 ? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 ? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 ? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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路由器B配置如下： RB#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RB(config)#interface f0/0 RB(config-if)#ip ospf Hello-interval 5???????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF握手間隔5 RB(config-if)#ip ospf dead--interval 20????????????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF死亡間隔20 *Dec? 4 18:45:53.259: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 20, Nbr 192.168.31.11 on FastEther net0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done RB(config-if)#exit RB(config)#exit *Dec? 4 18:46:07.163: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

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RB#show ip ospf ?interface f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.2/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 20, Router ID 192.168.31.22, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 ? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.22, Interface address 192.168.1.2 ? Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.31.33, Interface address 192.168.1.3 ? Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 ??? oob-resync timeout 40 ??? Hello due in 00:00:02 ? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 ? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 ? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.11 ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.33? (Backup Designated Router) ? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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路由器C配置如下： RC# RC#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.? End with CNTL/Z. RC(config)#interface f0/0 RC(config-if)#ip ospf Hello-interval 5???????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF握手間隔5 RC(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 20??????????????????????????????????? //配置OSPF死亡間隔20 *Dec? 4 18:47:07.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 30, Nbr 192.168.31.22 on FastEther net0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done *Dec? 4 18:47:07.839: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 30, Nbr 192.168.31.11 on FastEther net0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done RC(config-if)#exit RC(config)#exit *Dec? 4 18:47:14.779: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console RC#show ip ospf interface f0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up ? Internet Address 192.168.1.3/24, Area 0 ? Process ID 30, Router ID 192.168.31.33, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1 ? Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 ? Designated Router (ID) 192.168.31.33, Interface address 192.168.1.3 ? Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.31.11, Interface address 192.168.1.1 ? Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 ??? oob-resync timeout 40 ??? Hello due in 00:00:02 ? Index 1/1, flood queue length 0 ? Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) ? Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 1 ? Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec ? Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2 ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.11? (Backup Designated Router) ??? Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.31.22 ? Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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3．實驗總結

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?????? 通過配置OSPF路由協議，將更適合于規模較大的網絡環境，收斂更快速，依據帶寬來計算路徑成本等。OSPF路由協議單域配置要點有：

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l???????? Router ID是OSPF區域內唯一識別一臺路由器的IP地址，獲得方法先選取所有Loopback接口數值最高的IP地址；無Loopback接口IP情況下選物理端口數值最高的IP作為Router ID。 l???????? OSPF保存的3張表是：鄰居列表、鏈路狀態數據庫和路由表。 l???????? OSPF定義4種網絡類型：點到點網絡(Point-to-Point)、廣播多址網絡(Broadcast)、非廣播多址網絡(NBMA)和點到多點網絡(Point-to-Multipoint)。 l???????? DR(Designated Router)同網絡中其它路由器變成鄰接關系并管理這個多址網絡上的泛洪過程。BDR(Backup Designated Router)作為DR的備份與DR產生鄰接并隨時準備接替DR與其它路由器形成鄰接關系。 l???????? 泛洪過程使用兩種類型OSPF報文，分別是：鏈路狀態更新報文(LinkStateUpdatepackets，類型4)和鏈路狀態確認報文(LinkStateAcknowledgementpackets，類型5)

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轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/newbie/54428

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