引言

有時候程序中的控件的個數是無法預測的，當程序啟動時，根據解析的數據動態的創建n行m列的控件，并為其布局。下面記錄一下動態創建控件，并布局。

運行效果

示例

此示例主要是從json配置文件中讀取參數，然后根據參數的個數創建姐買你上的控件并布局。
下面是具體的實現代碼：
main.cpp

#include "studentscoredialog.h"#include <QApplication>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QApplication a(argc, argv);StudentScoreDialog w;w.show();return a.exec(); }

studentscoredialog.h

#ifndef STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H #define STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H/********************************************======功能描述：=======1.根據解析的數據動態創建按鈕，并布局,2.數據太多超過顯示的窗口的大小時，自動添加滾動條。 ********************************************/#include <QDialog>//具體學生成績結構 typedef struct studentInfo {QString name;//學生姓名qreal score;//學生成績 }ST_STUDENTINFO; typedef ST_STUDENTINFO stuStudent; typedef struct scoreInfo {QString strClass;//班級qreal arvgScore;//平均成績qreal totalScore;//總成績uint8_t number;//人數QList<stuStudent> students;//學生成績列表 }ST_SCOREINFO; typedef ST_SCOREINFO stuScore;class QVBoxLayout; QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace Ui { class StudentScoreDialog; } QT_END_NAMESPACEclass StudentScoreDialog : public QDialog {Q_OBJECTpublic:StudentScoreDialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~StudentScoreDialog(); protected:QString getExePath();//獲取可執行文件的路徑void readStudentJsonFile();//讀取json文件void parseJsonContent(QByteArray &array);//解析json文件內容void createCtrl();//創建控件void createEveryClassScore(stuScore &score,QVBoxLayout *vLayout);//創建每一個班級的成績情況 private:Ui::StudentScoreDialog *ui;QList<stuScore> m_stuScoreList;//保存從json文件讀取的變量值 }; #endif // STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H

studentscoredialog.cpp

#include "studentscoredialog.h" #include "ui_studentscoredialog.h" #include <QCoreApplication> #include <QJsonDocument> #include <QJsonObject> #include <QJsonArray> #include <QJsonParseError> #include <QFile> #include <QGroupBox> #include <QHBoxLayout> #include <QVBoxLayout> #include <QLabel> #include <QLineEdit> #include <QDebug>StudentScoreDialog::StudentScoreDialog(QWidget *parent): QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::StudentScoreDialog) {ui->setupUi(this);setWindowFlags(Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint);readStudentJsonFile();createCtrl(); }StudentScoreDialog::~StudentScoreDialog() {delete ui; }QString StudentScoreDialog::getExePath() {return QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath(); }void StudentScoreDialog::readStudentJsonFile() {QString strPath = getExePath() + "/students.json";QFile file(strPath);if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {QByteArray byteArray = file.readAll();file.close();parseJsonContent(byteArray);}else {qDebug()<<QStringLiteral("文件打開失敗！");} }void StudentScoreDialog::parseJsonContent(QByteArray &array) {QJsonParseError parseError;QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(array,&parseError);if (!doc.isEmpty() && parseError.error == QJsonParseError::NoError) {QJsonObject rootObject = doc.object();if (rootObject.value("msg").toString() == "score") {QJsonArray resultArray = rootObject.value("results").toArray();for (int i = 0; i < resultArray.size(); ++i) {QJsonObject resultObject = resultArray[i].toObject();stuScore tempScore;tempScore.strClass = resultObject.value("class").toString();tempScore.arvgScore = resultObject.value("averageScore").toDouble();tempScore.totalScore = resultObject.value("totalScore").toDouble();tempScore.number = resultObject.value("number").toInt();QJsonArray studentArray = resultObject.value("students").toArray();for (int j = 0; j < studentArray.size(); ++j) {stuStudent tempStudent;QJsonObject studentObject = studentArray.at(j).toObject();tempStudent.name = studentObject.value("name").toString();tempStudent.score = studentObject.value("score").toDouble();tempScore.students.append(tempStudent);}m_stuScoreList.append(tempScore);}}} }void StudentScoreDialog::createCtrl() {QWidget *widget = ui->scrollAreaWidgetContents;QVBoxLayout *vLayout = new QVBoxLayout(widget);vLayout->setSpacing(5);vLayout->setContentsMargins(5,5,5,5);for (int i = 0; i < m_stuScoreList.size(); ++i) {QGroupBox *groupBox = new QGroupBox;QVBoxLayout *groupVlayout = new QVBoxLayout(groupBox);groupVlayout->setSpacing(5);groupVlayout->setContentsMargins(5,0,5,0);stuScore classScore = m_stuScoreList.at(i);createEveryClassScore(classScore,groupVlayout);vLayout->addWidget(groupBox);} }void StudentScoreDialog::createEveryClassScore(stuScore &score, QVBoxLayout *vLayout) {QHBoxLayout *hLayout = new QHBoxLayout;QLabel *classLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("班級："));QLineEdit *classEdit = new QLineEdit(score.strClass);QLabel *averageLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("平均成績："));QLineEdit *averageEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.arvgScore));QLabel *totalLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("總成績："));QLineEdit *totalEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.totalScore));QLabel *numberLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("人數："));QLineEdit *numberEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.number));hLayout->addWidget(classLabel);hLayout->addWidget(classEdit);hLayout->addWidget(averageLabel);hLayout->addWidget(averageEdit);hLayout->addWidget(totalLabel);hLayout->addWidget(totalEdit);hLayout->addWidget(numberLabel);hLayout->addWidget(numberEdit);vLayout->addLayout(hLayout);QHBoxLayout *scoreLayout = nullptr;for (int i = 0; i < score.students.size(); ++i) {if (i % 4 == 0) {scoreLayout = new QHBoxLayout;scoreLayout->setSpacing(5);scoreLayout->setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0);vLayout->addLayout(scoreLayout);}stuStudent tempStudent = score.students[i];QLabel *nameLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("姓名："));QLineEdit *nameEdit = new QLineEdit(tempStudent.name);nameEdit->setFixedWidth(120);QLabel *scoreLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("成績："));QLineEdit *scoreEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(tempStudent.score));scoreEdit->setFixedWidth(50);scoreLayout->addWidget(nameLabel);scoreLayout->addWidget(nameEdit);scoreLayout->addWidget(scoreLabel);scoreLayout->addWidget(scoreEdit);if (i == score.students.size() - 1 && score.students.size() % 4 != 0) {scoreLayout->addStretch();}} }

ui文件中添加的控件：

創建的項目的結構：

此項目中讀取的配置文件students.json,配置文件的內容如下：
students.json

{"msg":"score","results":[{"class":"二年級一班","averageScore":78,"totalScore":936,"number":12,"students":[{"name":"李明","score":77},{"name":"胡書","score":77},{"name":"掃速度","score":79},{"name":"山山倒","score":80},{"name":"阿薩","score":68},{"name":"維歐","score":77},{"name":"奇數","score":75},{"name":"使能","score":78},{"name":"水澆地","score":69},{"name":"當數據","score":87},{"name":"但是","score":76},{"name":"撒口","score":79}]},{"class":"二年級二班","averageScore":80,"totalScore":960,"number":12,"students":[{"name":"蛋黃酥","score":77},{"name":"隨機","score":79},{"name":"奧斯基","score":80},{"name":"賽德克","score":78},{"name":"收到","score":83},{"name":"卡松","score":77},{"name":"歐俄","score":86},{"name":"撒旦","score":78},{"name":"喀什","score":84},{"name":"科奧","score":87},{"name":"杰斯","score":76},{"name":"歐維","score":83}]}] }

整個工程就如上面所示，程序啟動的時候根據從配置文件中獲取的參數來創建控件，并布局，上面雖使用了柵格布局，但設置了姓名和成績的控件的寬度，故而將窗口最大化之后不能很完美的顯示控件，即成績和姓名行編輯器沒有被拉伸，注釋掉對姓名和成績行編輯器的寬度設置后可以最大化窗口，同時拉伸控件。

總結

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