$.ajax 跨域请求 Web Api
WepApi確實(shí)方便好用,沒有配置文件,一個apicontroller直接可以干活了。但今天用$.ajax跨域請求的時候總是獲取不到數(shù)據(jù),用fiddler一看確實(shí)抓到了數(shù)據(jù),但回到$.ajax函數(shù)中,直接觸發(fā)了error,沒有觸發(fā)success,即使?fàn)顟B(tài)碼是200。用apiclient或者瀏覽器直接訪問都是ok的。搜羅一番。最終在這篇文章上面找到答案 。http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsdesktop/Implementing-CORS-support-a677ab5d
原因
? ? ?在默認(rèn)情況下,為防止CSRF跨站偽造攻擊,一個網(wǎng)頁從另外一個域的網(wǎng)頁獲取數(shù)據(jù)的時候就會受到限制。有一些方法可以突破這個限制,JSONP就是其一。它使用<script> 標(biāo)簽加一個回調(diào)函數(shù)。但JSONP 只支持Get方法。而CORS(Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) 跨域資源共享,是一種新的header規(guī)范,可以讓服務(wù)器端放松跨域的限制,可以根據(jù)header來切換限制或不限制跨域請求。它支持所有的Http請求方式。跨域的資源請求帶有一個Http header:Origin,如果服務(wù)器支持CORS,響應(yīng)就會帶有一個header:Access-Control-Allow-Origin ,也有一些特殊的請求。采用?HTTP “OPTIONS” 的方式,hearder中帶有Access-Control-Request-Method或Access-Control-Request-Headers,服務(wù)器響應(yīng)的hearder中需要帶有Access-Control-Allow-Methods,Access-Control-Allow-Headers才行。
實(shí)現(xiàn)?
? ? 那怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)CORS呢,這用到了Message Handler。它可以在管道中攔截并修改Request,代碼如下:
public class CorsHandler : DelegatingHandler{const string Origin = "Origin";const string AccessControlRequestMethod = "Access-Control-Request-Method";const string AccessControlRequestHeaders = "Access-Control-Request-Headers";const string AccessControlAllowOrigin = "Access-Control-Allow-Origin";const string AccessControlAllowMethods = "Access-Control-Allow-Methods";const string AccessControlAllowHeaders = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers";protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken){bool isCorsRequest = request.Headers.Contains(Origin);bool isPreflightRequest = request.Method == HttpMethod.Options;if (isCorsRequest){if (isPreflightRequest){return Task.Factory.StartNew<HttpResponseMessage>(() =>{HttpResponseMessage response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK);response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowOrigin, request.Headers.GetValues(Origin).First());string accessControlRequestMethod = request.Headers.GetValues(AccessControlRequestMethod).FirstOrDefault();if (accessControlRequestMethod != null){response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowMethods, accessControlRequestMethod);}string requestedHeaders = string.Join(", ", request.Headers.GetValues(AccessControlRequestHeaders));if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(requestedHeaders)){response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowHeaders, requestedHeaders);}return response;}, cancellationToken);}else{return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken).ContinueWith<HttpResponseMessage>(t =>{HttpResponseMessage resp = t.Result;resp.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowOrigin, request.Headers.GetValues(Origin).First());return resp;});}}else{return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);}}}然后在Global中加入:
protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e){GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.MessageHandlers.Add(new CorsHandler());WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);}腳本:
$.ajax({// url: "http://localhost:11576/api/Values",url: "http://localhost:39959/api/user/login?name=niqiu&pwd=123456",type: "GET",//contentType: "application/json;",success: function(result) {alert(result.status);},error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {alert("出錯!XMLHttpRequest:" + XMLHttpRequest.status);}});?這樣訪問就ok了。
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