文章目錄

• 各種算法
• • 選擇排序
  • 插入排序
  • 希爾排序
  • ***快速排序***
  • 歸并排序
  • 二分查找

各種算法

def bubble_sort(alist):"""冒泡排序"""n = len(alist)for j in range(n-1):count = 0for i in range(0, n-1-j):# 班長從頭走到尾if alist[i] > alist[i+1]:alist[i],alist[i+1] = alist[i+1], alist[i]count += 1if 0 == count:return

選擇排序

def select_sort(alist):"""選擇排序"""n = len(alist)for j in range(n-1): # j: 0 ~ n-2min_index = jfor i in range(j+1, n):if alist[min_index] > alist[i]:min_index = ialist[j], alist[min_index] = alist[min_index], alist[j]

插入排序

def insert_sort(alist):"""插入排序"""n = len(alist)# 從右邊的無序序列中取出多少個元素執行這樣的過程for j in range(1, n):# j = [1, 2, 3, n-1]# i 代表內層循環起始值i = j# 執行從右邊的無序序列中取出第一個元素，即i位置的元素，然后將其插入到前面的正確位置中while i > 0:if alist[i] < alist[i-1]:alist[i], alist[i-1] = alist[i-1], alist[i]i -= 1else:break

希爾排序

ef shell_sort(alist):"""希爾排序"""# n=9n = len(alist)# gap =4gap = n // 2# i = gap# for i in range(gap, n):# # i = [gap, gap+1, gap+2, gap+3... n-1]# while:# if alist[i] < alist[i-gap]:# alist[i], alist[i-gap] = alist[i-gap], alist[i]# gap變化到0之前，插入算法執行的次數while gap > 0:# 插入算法，與普通的插入算法的區別就是gap步長for j in range(gap, n):# j = [gap, gap+1, gap+2, gap+3, ..., n-1]i = jwhile i > 0:if alist[i] < alist[i-gap]:alist[i], alist[i-gap] = alist[i-gap], alist[i]i -= gapelse:break# 縮短gap步長gap //= 2

快速排序

def quick_sort(alist, first, last):"""快速排序"""if first >= last:returnmid_value = alist[first]low = firsthigh = lastwhile low < high:# high 左移while low < high and alist[high] >= mid_value:high -= 1alist[low] = alist[high]while low <high and alist[low] < mid_value:low += 1alist[high] = alist[low]# 從循環退出時，low==highalist[low] = mid_value# 對low左邊的列表執行快速排序quick_sort(alist, first, low-1)# 對low右邊的列表排序quick_sort(alist, low+1, last)

歸并排序

def merge_sort(alist):"""歸并排序"""n = len(alist)if n <= 1:return alistmid = n//2# left 采用歸并排序后形成的有序的新的列表left_li = merge_sort(alist[:mid])# right 采用歸并排序后形成的有序的新的列表right_li = merge_sort(alist[mid:])# 將兩個有序的子序列合并為一個新的整體# merge(left, right)left_pointer, right_pointer = 0, 0result = []while left_pointer < len(left_li) and right_pointer < len(right_li):if left_li[left_pointer] <= right_li[right_pointer]:result.append(left_li[left_pointer])left_pointer += 1else:result.append(right_li[right_pointer])right_pointer += 1result += left_li[left_pointer:]result += right_li[right_pointer:]return result

二分查找

def binary_search(alist, item):"""二分查找,遞歸"""n = len(alist)if n > 0:mid = n//2if alist[mid] == item:return Trueelif item < alist[mid]:return binary_search(alist[:mid], item)else:return binary_search(alist[mid+1:], item)return Falsedef binary_search_2(alist, item):"""二分查找， 非遞歸"""n = len(alist)first = 0last = n-1while first <= last:mid = (first + last)//2if alist[mid] == item:return Trueelif item < alist[mid]:last = mid - 1else:first = mid + 1return False

總結

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