三:Planning and Managing the Project
文章目錄
- 一、Tracking progress
- 1.What is a project schedule, an activity, and a milestone
- 2.Work breakdown and activity graphs
- 3.Estimating completion
- (1)CPM (Critical Path Method) (*)
- (2)Slack time for an activity
- 4.Tools to track progress
- 二、Project personnel
- 1.Staff roles and characteristics
- (1)Communication
- 2.Work styles
- 3.Project organization
- (1)Depend on three factors
- (2)Chief programmer team
- (3)Egoless approach無私方法
- 三、Effort estimation
- 四、Risk management activities
- 1.What is a risk?
- 2.Steps in risk management
- Risk exposure calculation
- 3.How to reduce risk?
一、Tracking progress
1.What is a project schedule, an activity, and a milestone
2.Work breakdown and activity graphs
4 parameters to describe an activity: precursor, duration, due date, and endpoint
Activity graph
3.Estimating completion
(1)CPM (Critical Path Method) (*)
(2)Slack time for an activity
都以Activity(前者-后者)的前者為基準。
-
Critical path關(guān)鍵路線 :
從開始到結(jié)束得所有路徑中,所用時間最長的為關(guān)鍵路徑(有可能有多條相同的)。 -
最早開始時間(以前者為基準):
在關(guān)鍵路徑上,從開始到該任務(wù)的最早執(zhí)行的時間
第一個結(jié)點(開始結(jié)點)的最早執(zhí)行的時間是1,不是0.
其他結(jié)點的最早開始時間為:[從開始結(jié)點到Activity前者結(jié)點經(jīng)過的最長的時間總長]+1 -
最晚開始時間(以前者為基準):
關(guān)鍵路徑的總時間-反向得出該任務(wù)的時間
關(guān)鍵路徑上的Activity(前者、后者都在)的最晚開始時間是同最早開始時間。
其他結(jié)點的最晚開始時間為:關(guān)鍵路線的總時長 - [從結(jié)束結(jié)點到Activity前者結(jié)點經(jīng)過的最長的時間總長]+1 -
Slack time松弛時間:
第一種求法:最晚開始時間-最早開始時間
第二種求法:關(guān)鍵路徑的總時間-包含該任務(wù)的關(guān)鍵路徑花的時間
關(guān)鍵路徑上的Activity(前者、后者都在)的Slack time為0. -
Precursors前驅(qū)結(jié)點:
是Activity(前者-后者)中前者的前驅(qū)結(jié)點。
【應(yīng)用題1】
比如:
2-3的最早開始時間為3+1=4,最晚開始時間為=15-(2+2+3)+1=9
2-4的最早開始時間為3+1=4,最晚開始時間為=15-(5+2+3)+1=6
3-7的最早開始時間為2+3+1=6,最晚開始時間為=15-(2+3)+1=11
5-7的最早開始時間為3+3+1=7,最晚開始時間為=15-(3+6)+1=7
【應(yīng)用題2】
F-H的最早時間和C-F、D-F的最晚時間中的經(jīng)過時間都是取得經(jīng)過的最長時間
4.Tools to track progress
Gantt chart
二、Project personnel
1.Staff roles and characteristics
(1)Communication
If there is n worker in project, then there are n(n-1)/2 pairs of communication.
【選擇題】
- There are ( 15 )communications paths in a team with 6 members.
2.Work styles
- Extroverts(外向): tell their thoughts
- Introverts(內(nèi)向): ask for suggestions
- Intuitives(直覺): base decisions on feelings
- Rationals(理智): base decisions on facts, options
【選擇題】 - Shane is an efficient leader(外向的).He knows what he wants and relies on his own experiences and logic to make decisions.(依據(jù)邏輯)He does not feel the need for extensive information before making a decision.He is capable of making fast decisions.Shane’s work style would be described best as ( Rational extrover )
3.Project organization
(1)Depend on three factors
- backgrounds and work styles of team members
- number of people on team
- management styles of customers and developers
(2)Chief programmer team
【選擇題】
- A chief programmer team is not suited for ( adopting a new programming language )projects.
(3)Egoless approach無私方法
題:
【選擇題】
- An egoless approach is suited for adopting a new programming language.(采取新的編程語言)
三、Effort estimation
Can not produce accurate estimates
Effort estimation techniques – expert judgment, algorithmic methods, machine-learning ethods
四、Risk management activities
1.What is a risk?
2.Steps in risk management
分為Risk assessment風(fēng)險評估和Risk control風(fēng)險控制:
- Risk assessment風(fēng)險評估:
- Risk identification風(fēng)險定義
- Risk analysis風(fēng)險分析
- Risk prioritization風(fēng)險優(yōu)先次序
- Risk control風(fēng)險控制:
- Risk reduction風(fēng)險減少
- Risk management planning風(fēng)險管理計劃
- Risk resolution風(fēng)險解決
【選擇題】
- (Risk management planning)is not an activity of risk assessment.
Risk exposure calculation
Risk exposure(成本) = (risk probability) x (risk impact)
【應(yīng)用題1】
【應(yīng)用題2】
3.How to reduce risk?
總結(jié)
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