MYSQL的binary解决mysql数据大小写敏感问题
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MYSQL的binary解决mysql数据大小写敏感问题
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【本文為轉(zhuǎn)載】http://www.jb51.net/article/41546.htm
BINARY不是函數(shù),是類型轉(zhuǎn)換運(yùn)算符,它用來強(qiáng)制它后面的字符串為一個(gè)二進(jìn)制字符串,可以理解為在字符串比較的時(shí)候區(qū)分大小寫 復(fù)制代碼代碼如下: (說明不用binary是大寫不敏感,用了binary后大小寫敏感了)
mysql> select binary 'ABCD'='abcd' COM1, 'ABCD'='abcd' COM2;
+--------+-----------+
| COM1 | COM2 |
+--------+-----------+
|????? 0???? |????? 1????? |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
create TABLE usertest (
id int(9) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
username varchar(30) NOT NULL default '',
primary key (id)
)
插入數(shù)據(jù):
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美國項(xiàng)目');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('李文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('老唐');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('夢漂');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('龍武');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('夏');
例如:select * from usertest where username like '%夏%' ,結(jié)果七條記錄都出來了,比較郁悶。
如果使用=而不是like的時(shí)候,select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,只出現(xiàn)一個(gè)結(jié)果。 因?yàn)閙ysql 的LIKE操作是按照ASCII 操作的,所以LIKE的時(shí)候是可能有問題的。問題繼續(xù):如果再加上: 復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('唐');
還是使用select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,結(jié)果還是出現(xiàn)3條記錄,又郁悶了。解決辦法如下:
1.在create的時(shí)候就使用binary
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
username varchar(30) BINARY NOT NULL default '', 如果表已經(jīng)建好了,使用:
alter table usertest modify username varchar(32) binary; 來就該表的屬性。
2.在query的時(shí)候加上binary select * from usertest where username like binary? '%夏%' ,就可以準(zhǔn)確的查詢出一條記錄來。(類型一致)
char使用固定長度的空間進(jìn)行存儲,char(4)存儲4個(gè)字符,根據(jù)編碼方式的不同占用不同的字節(jié),gbk編碼方式,不論是中文還是英文,每個(gè)字符占用2個(gè)字節(jié)的空間,utf8編碼方式,每個(gè)字符占用3個(gè)字節(jié)的空間。 如果需要存儲的字符串的長度跟所有值的平均長度相差不大,適合用char,如MD5。
對于經(jīng)常改變的值,char優(yōu)于varchar,原因是固定長度的行不容易產(chǎn)生碎片。
對于很短的列,char優(yōu)于varchar,原因是varchar需要額外一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字節(jié)存儲字符串的長度。
varchar保存可變長度的字符串,使用額外的一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字節(jié)存儲字符串長度,varchar(10),除了需要存儲10個(gè)字符,還需要1個(gè)字節(jié)存儲長度信息(10),超過255的長度需要2個(gè)字節(jié)來存儲
例外:Myisam引擎中使用ROW_FORMAT=FIXED時(shí),每行使用相同的空間,造成浪費(fèi)
char和varchar后面如果有空格,char會自動去掉空格后存儲,varchar雖然不會去掉空格,但在進(jìn)行字符串比較時(shí),會去掉空格進(jìn)行比較
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type???????? | Null | Key | Default | Extra????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id??? | int(11)????? | NO?? | PRI | NULL??? | auto_increment |
| name? | varchar(4)?? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| addr? | char(8)????? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| bn??? | varbinary(4) | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| b???? | binary(8)??? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+----------------------+----------------------+
| concat("$",name,"$") | concat("$",addr,"$") |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| $asdf$?????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $asdf$?????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $a $???????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $a$????????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $t a$??????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
+----------------------+----------------------+
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a ';?? //由于name是varchar,比較時(shí),'a '自動轉(zhuǎn)換為'a'
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
?
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type???????? | Null | Key | Default | Extra????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id??? | int(11)????? | NO?? | PRI | NULL??? | auto_increment |
| name? | varchar(4)?? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| addr? | char(8)????? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| bn??? | varbinary(4) | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| b???? | binary(8)??? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+--------------------+-------------------+
| concat("$",bn,"$") | concat("$",b,"$") |
+--------------------+-------------------+
| $ab a$???????????? | NULL????????????? |
| $ab $????????????? | $ab????? $??????? |
| $ab$?????????????? | $ab????? $??????? |
| $ab? $???????????? | $a?????? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $a?????? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $abcde?? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $abcd1234$??????? |
+--------------------+-------------------+
binary保存二進(jìn)制字符串,它保存的是字節(jié)而不是字符,沒有字符集限制
binary(8)可以保存8個(gè)字符,每個(gè)字符占1個(gè)字節(jié),共占8個(gè)字節(jié)
進(jìn)行比較時(shí)是按字節(jié)進(jìn)行比較,而不是按字符(char),按字節(jié)比較比字符簡單快速
按字符比較不區(qū)分大小寫,而binary區(qū)分大小寫,結(jié)尾使用\0填充,而不是空格
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a\0\0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 5 | t a? | a??? | NULL | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a \0\0\0\0\0\0';?
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
varbinary保存變長的字符串,后面不會補(bǔ)\0
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 2 | asdf | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab? ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
BINARY不是函數(shù),是類型轉(zhuǎn)換運(yùn)算符,它用來強(qiáng)制它后面的字符串為一個(gè)二進(jìn)制字符串,可以理解為在字符串比較的時(shí)候區(qū)分大小寫 復(fù)制代碼代碼如下: (說明不用binary是大寫不敏感,用了binary后大小寫敏感了)
mysql> select binary 'ABCD'='abcd' COM1, 'ABCD'='abcd' COM2;
+--------+-----------+
| COM1 | COM2 |
+--------+-----------+
|????? 0???? |????? 1????? |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(僅僅有些而已!4.*以前)
因?yàn)橛械腗ySQL特別是4.*以前的對于中文檢索會有不準(zhǔn)確的問題,可以在檢索的時(shí)候加上binary。
建表:
create TABLE usertest (
id int(9) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
username varchar(30) NOT NULL default '',
primary key (id)
)
插入數(shù)據(jù):
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美國項(xiàng)目');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('李文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('老唐');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('夢漂');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('龍武');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('夏');
例如:select * from usertest where username like '%夏%' ,結(jié)果七條記錄都出來了,比較郁悶。
如果使用=而不是like的時(shí)候,select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,只出現(xiàn)一個(gè)結(jié)果。 因?yàn)閙ysql 的LIKE操作是按照ASCII 操作的,所以LIKE的時(shí)候是可能有問題的。問題繼續(xù):如果再加上: 復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('唐');
還是使用select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,結(jié)果還是出現(xiàn)3條記錄,又郁悶了。解決辦法如下:
1.在create的時(shí)候就使用binary
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
username varchar(30) BINARY NOT NULL default '', 如果表已經(jīng)建好了,使用:
alter table usertest modify username varchar(32) binary; 來就該表的屬性。
2.在query的時(shí)候加上binary select * from usertest where username like binary? '%夏%' ,就可以準(zhǔn)確的查詢出一條記錄來。(類型一致)
char使用固定長度的空間進(jìn)行存儲,char(4)存儲4個(gè)字符,根據(jù)編碼方式的不同占用不同的字節(jié),gbk編碼方式,不論是中文還是英文,每個(gè)字符占用2個(gè)字節(jié)的空間,utf8編碼方式,每個(gè)字符占用3個(gè)字節(jié)的空間。 如果需要存儲的字符串的長度跟所有值的平均長度相差不大,適合用char,如MD5。
對于經(jīng)常改變的值,char優(yōu)于varchar,原因是固定長度的行不容易產(chǎn)生碎片。
對于很短的列,char優(yōu)于varchar,原因是varchar需要額外一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字節(jié)存儲字符串的長度。
varchar保存可變長度的字符串,使用額外的一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字節(jié)存儲字符串長度,varchar(10),除了需要存儲10個(gè)字符,還需要1個(gè)字節(jié)存儲長度信息(10),超過255的長度需要2個(gè)字節(jié)來存儲
例外:Myisam引擎中使用ROW_FORMAT=FIXED時(shí),每行使用相同的空間,造成浪費(fèi)
char和varchar后面如果有空格,char會自動去掉空格后存儲,varchar雖然不會去掉空格,但在進(jìn)行字符串比較時(shí),會去掉空格進(jìn)行比較
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type???????? | Null | Key | Default | Extra????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id??? | int(11)????? | NO?? | PRI | NULL??? | auto_increment |
| name? | varchar(4)?? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| addr? | char(8)????? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| bn??? | varbinary(4) | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| b???? | binary(8)??? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+----------------------+----------------------+
| concat("$",name,"$") | concat("$",addr,"$") |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| $asdf$?????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $asdf$?????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $a $???????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $a$????????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
| $t a$??????????????? | $a$????????????????? |
+----------------------+----------------------+
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a ';?? //由于name是varchar,比較時(shí),'a '自動轉(zhuǎn)換為'a'
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
?
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type???????? | Null | Key | Default | Extra????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id??? | int(11)????? | NO?? | PRI | NULL??? | auto_increment |
| name? | varchar(4)?? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| addr? | char(8)????? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| bn??? | varbinary(4) | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
| b???? | binary(8)??? | YES? |???? | NULL??? |??????????????? |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+--------------------+-------------------+
| concat("$",bn,"$") | concat("$",b,"$") |
+--------------------+-------------------+
| $ab a$???????????? | NULL????????????? |
| $ab $????????????? | $ab????? $??????? |
| $ab$?????????????? | $ab????? $??????? |
| $ab? $???????????? | $a?????? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $a?????? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $abcde?? $??????? |
| NULL?????????????? | $abcd1234$??????? |
+--------------------+-------------------+
binary保存二進(jìn)制字符串,它保存的是字節(jié)而不是字符,沒有字符集限制
binary(8)可以保存8個(gè)字符,每個(gè)字符占1個(gè)字節(jié),共占8個(gè)字節(jié)
進(jìn)行比較時(shí)是按字節(jié)進(jìn)行比較,而不是按字符(char),按字節(jié)比較比字符簡單快速
按字符比較不區(qū)分大小寫,而binary區(qū)分大小寫,結(jié)尾使用\0填充,而不是空格
復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a\0\0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 5 | t a? | a??? | NULL | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a \0\0\0\0\0\0';?
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
varbinary保存變長的字符串,后面不會補(bǔ)\0
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 3 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 2 | asdf | a??? | ab?? | ab?????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab? ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn?? | b??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
|? 4 | a??? | a??? | ab?? | a??????? |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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