正式生产库，配置双节点的RAC + 单实例的 DATAGUARD
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正式生产库，配置双节点的RAC + 单实例的 DATAGUARD
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正式生產庫，配置DATAGUARD
RAC+單實例DATAGUARD? 配置
RAC 兩節點：
192.1.0.101?? ?rac1?? ?
192.1.0.102?? ?rac2
存儲：ASM
DB_UNIQUE_NAME= racdb
實例：racdb1; racdb2;
DG:
192.1.0.103?? dg1?? ?
存儲 ：ASM
數據庫名： racdb
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stbdb;
一、系統準備
?? ?1.1 DG 磁盤分區：
?? ?
?? ?本地磁盤，磁盤分區ASM DISK 對照表
?? ?磁盤分區?? ?磁盤大小?? ?RAID?? ?ASM NAME?? ?ASM GROUPDISKNAME
?? ?-----------------------------------------------------------------
?? ?/dev/sdb?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdb1?? ?300?? ??? ?GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY1?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdb2?? ?300?? ??? ?GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY2?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdb3?? ?4023.1? GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY3?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdc1?? ?899.5?? ?MB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA1?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdd1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA2?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sde1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA3?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdf1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA4?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdg1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA5?? ??? ?+DATA
?? ?/dev/sdb 為多個小盤合并成為一個RAID5的磁盤，因考慮到多個小盤（8*146G）多分區不好管理，
?? ?同時這幾個多個小盤已使用了2年左右，合并一起做RAID5也可以做個容錯處理。
?? ?
?? ?1.2?? ?做一個SSH對待訪問
?? ?#在dg1上執行建立私匙，以方便拷貝文件
?? ?# su - oracle
?? ?$ mkdir ~/.ssh
?? ?$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
?? ?$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
?? ?#將dg1的加入
?? ?$ ssh dg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?$ ssh dg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys dg1:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?（遇到一個問題：
?? ??? ?[oracle@rac1 .ssh]$ ssh dg1 date
?? ??? ?Warning: the RSA host key for 'dg1' differs from the key for the IP address '192.1.0.103'
?? ??? ?Offending key for IP in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:15
?? ??? ?Matching host key in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:17
?? ??? ?Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
?? ??? ?2013年 10月 12日 星期六 11:39:08 CST
?? ??? ?解決方法：
?? ??? ?查看known_hosts 內容，發現'192.1.0.103' 以前指定了其它的服務器，直接刪除對應的其它服務器行。
?? ??? ?問題解決。
?? ?）
?? ?還有一個有趣的問題，在RAC1中配置了ssh 對等訪問，系統會自動更新到其它的RAC節點中，比如我這里有RAC2；
?? ?在單機上先安裝一個GRID（ASM),再安裝ORACLE.
?? ?1.3 安裝GRID
?? ??? ?【】為獨立服務器配置ORACLE GRID INFRASTRUCTURE
?? ??? ?安裝此項選擇，還要選擇一個ASM磁盤，是開始時沒想到的。后來另外分出兩個分區做ASM特征盤，
?? ??? ?有點象RAC中的RAC表決盤(或OCR磁盤）。
?? ?1.3，1.4 兩個安裝參考：
?? ?http://blog.csdn.net/miyatang/article/details/6659839
?? ?
先前測試的配置日志（http://blog.csdn.net/miyatang/article/details/9979579）
二、數據庫配置
?? ?
?? ?2.1 監聽/ASM 配置
?? ?2.1.1 listener.ora
?? ?[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
?? ?# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
?? ?# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
?? ?LISTENER =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
?? ??? ?(DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?2.1.2 tnsnames.ora
?? ?[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
?? ?# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
?? ?# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
?? ?RACDB1 =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS_LIST =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.101)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.111)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?? (INSTANCE_NAME = racdb1)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?RACDB =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVER = DEDICATED)
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?RACDB2 =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS_LIST =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.102)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.112)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?? (INSTANCE_NAME = racdb2)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?stbdb =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVER = DEDICATED)
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = stbdb)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?把stbdb 部分插入到兩個節點的 tnsnames.ora 文件中。
?? ?
?? ?2.1.3 grid 用戶下，使用asmca 建立 +DATA,+RECOVERY 兩個ASM 磁盤組。
?? ??? ?測試查看ASM 磁盤組：
?? ??? ?[grid@localhost grid]$ asmcmd
?? ??? ?Connected to an idle instance.
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> ls
?? ??? ?ASMCMD-8102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?修改grid 用戶下的.bash_profile
?? ??? ??? ?ORACLE_SID=+ASM; export ORACLE_SID?? ??? ? (原為：ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; 此內容為RAC中拷貝而來有兩個實例ASM1,ASM2.)
?? ??? ??? ?PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
?? ??? ??? ?
?? ?修改后問題解決：
?? ??? ?[grid@localhost grid]$ asmcmd
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> ls
?? ??? ?CRS/
?? ??? ?DATA/
?? ??? ?RECOVERY/
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> exit
?? ?2.2.配置參數：
?? ??? ?2.2.1、打開Forced Logging模式
?? ??? ?SQL> alter database force logging;
?? ??? ?Database altered.
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?2.2.2
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(stbdb,racdb)';
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30;
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE SCOPE=SPFILE;
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER=stbdb;
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set FAL_CLIENT=racdb;
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
?? ??? ?ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=stbdb LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stbdb' scope=both;
?? ??? ?ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER;
?? ??? ?--先設置成不活動的，后面再修改成：? ENABLE;
?? ??? ?--ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2 = ENABLE scope=both;
?? ??? ?#添加STANDBY LOGFILE:
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?select group#,THREAD#,l.MEMBERS,l.STATUS from v$log l
?? ??? ??? ?GROUP#?? ?THREAD#?? ?MEMBERS?? ?STATUS
?? ??? ?1?? ?1?? ?1?? ?2?? ?INACTIVE
?? ??? ?2?? ?2?? ?1?? ?2?? ?CURRENT
?? ??? ?3?? ?3?? ?2?? ?2?? ?CURRENT
?? ??? ?4?? ?4?? ?2?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ?5?? ?5?? ?1?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ?6?? ?6?? ?2?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 7 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 8 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 9 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 10 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 11 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 12 ;
?? ?#2.2 生成pfile，并修改。
?? ??? ?SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initstbdb.ora' from spfile;
?? ??? ?1.修改
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
?? ??? ?? 修改后：
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?建立目錄 ：
?? ??? ??? ?mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump
?? ??? ??? ?chown oracle:oinstall? /opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump
?? ??? ?2.添加以下內容:
?? ??? ?*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile','+DATA/stbdb/datafile','+DATA/racdb/tempfile','+DATA/stbdb/tempfile'
?? ??? ?*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog','+DATA/stbdb/onlinelog','+RECOVERY/racdb/onlinelog' ,'+RECOVERY/stbdb/onlinelog'
?? ??? ?修改前的 initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__shared_pool_size=3556769792
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__shared_pool_size=3690987520
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__streams_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__streams_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_trail='NONE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.cluster_database=true
?? ??? ??? ?*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
?? ??? ??? ?*.control_files='+DATA/racdb/controlfile/current.267.812303153','+RECOVERY/racdb/controlfile/current.3283.812303153'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_block_size=8192
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_domain=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_flashback_retention_target=1440
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_name='racdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=3221225472000
?? ??? ??? ?*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
?? ??? ??? ?*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racdbXDB)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_client='RACDB'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_server='DGDB'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.instance_number=2
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.instance_number=1
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dgdb,racdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dgdb LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_max_processes=30
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.memory_max_target=29360128000
?? ??? ??? ?*.memory_target=27031240704
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_territory='CHINA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.open_cursors=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.processes=8000
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.resource_manager_plan=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.session_cached_cursors=100
?? ??? ??? ?*.sessions=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.standby_file_management='MANUAL'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.thread=2
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.thread=1
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDO_TBS01'
?? ??? ??? ?[oracle@localhost dbs]$
?? ??? ?修改后的initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__shared_pool_size=3556769792
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__streams_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_trail='NONE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
?? ??? ??? ?*.control_files='+DATA/racdb/controlfile/current.267.812303153','+RECOVERY/racdb/controlfile/current.3283.812303153'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_block_size=8192
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_domain=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_flashback_retention_target=1440
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_name='racdb'
?? ??? ??? ?db_unique_name='stbdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=900000000000
?? ??? ??? ?*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
?? ??? ??? ?*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stbdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_client='STBDB'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_server='RACDB1,RACDB2'
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.instance_number=1
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile','+DATA/stbdb/datafile','+DATA/racdb/tempfile','+DATA/stbdb/tempfile'
?? ??? ??? ?*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog','+DATA/stbdb/onlinelog','+RECOVERY/racdb/onlinelog' ,'+RECOVERY/stbdb/onlinelog'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dgdb,racdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dgdb LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_max_processes=30
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.memory_max_target=29360128000
?? ??? ??? ?*.memory_target=27031240704
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_territory='CHINA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.open_cursors=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.processes=8000
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_listener='stbdb:1521'
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.resource_manager_plan=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.session_cached_cursors=100
?? ??? ??? ?*.sessions=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
?? ??? ??? ?thread=1
?? ??? ??? ?undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
?? ?#2.3創建控制文件 ：
?? ??? ?切換兩次日志及做兩次歸檔
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system switch logfile;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system switch logfile;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system archive log current;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system archive log current;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/tmp/control01.ctl';
?? ??? ?Database altered.
?? ?#2.4創建密碼文件
?? ??? ?[oracle@ract1 ~]$ orapwd file=/tmp/orapwstbdb.ora password=sa force=y ignorecase=y
?? ?#2.5把文件拷貝到 dg1 服務器：
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?scp /tmp/orapwstbdb.ora dg1:/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapwstbdb.ora
?? ??? ?scp /tmp/inittdb.ora dg1:/tmp/inittdb.ora
?? ?#2.6 在STANDBY 端
?? ??? ?SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/inittdb.ora';
?? ??? ?File created.
?? ??? ?SQL> startup nomount;
?? ??? ?[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@racdb1 auxiliary sys/oracle@stbdb nocatalog
?? ??? ?rman>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
三、DATAGUARD 開啟
?? ?SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
?? ?Database altered.
?? ?# 開啟STANDBY 數據庫
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE;
?? ?#啟用STANDBY數據庫，進入RECOVER模式：
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
?? ?#啟動到只讀模式：
?? ?alter database open read only;
?? ?#轉換到REAL-TIME模式下：
?? ?--alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
?? ?--ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT from session;
四、測試驗證
?? ?#PRIMARY 端：
SQL>
SQL> select thread#,sequence#,status from v$log;
?? THREAD#? SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------
?? ? 1?? ?57930 CURRENT
?? ? 1?? ?57929 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43251 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43252 ACTIVE
?? ? 1?? ?57928 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43253 CURRENT
6 rows selected.
?? ?SQL>
?? ?#STANDBY 端
?? ?SQL> select archived_thread#,archived_seq#,APPLIED_THREAD#,APPLIED_SEQ# from v$archive_dest_status;
ARCHIVED_THREAD# ARCHIVED_SEQ# APPLIED_THREAD# APPLIED_SEQ#
---------------- ------------- --------------- ------------
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 2?? ? 43252?? ??? ????? 2?? ?????? 43252
RAC+單實例DATAGUARD? 配置
RAC 兩節點：
192.1.0.101?? ?rac1?? ?
192.1.0.102?? ?rac2
存儲：ASM
DB_UNIQUE_NAME= racdb
實例：racdb1; racdb2;
DG:
192.1.0.103?? dg1?? ?
存儲 ：ASM
數據庫名： racdb
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stbdb;
一、系統準備
?? ?1.1 DG 磁盤分區：
?? ?
?? ?本地磁盤，磁盤分區ASM DISK 對照表
?? ?磁盤分區?? ?磁盤大小?? ?RAID?? ?ASM NAME?? ?ASM GROUPDISKNAME
?? ?-----------------------------------------------------------------
?? ?/dev/sdb?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdb1?? ?300?? ??? ?GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY1?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdb2?? ?300?? ??? ?GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY2?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdb3?? ?4023.1? GB?? ?RAID5?? ?RECOVERY3?? ?+RECOVERY
?? ?/dev/sdc1?? ?899.5?? ?MB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA1?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdd1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA2?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sde1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA3?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdf1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA4?? ??? ?+DATA?? ?
?? ?/dev/sdg1?? ?899.5?? ?GB?? ?RAID0?? ?DATA5?? ??? ?+DATA
?? ?/dev/sdb 為多個小盤合并成為一個RAID5的磁盤，因考慮到多個小盤（8*146G）多分區不好管理，
?? ?同時這幾個多個小盤已使用了2年左右，合并一起做RAID5也可以做個容錯處理。
?? ?
?? ?1.2?? ?做一個SSH對待訪問
?? ?#在dg1上執行建立私匙，以方便拷貝文件
?? ?# su - oracle
?? ?$ mkdir ~/.ssh
?? ?$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
?? ?$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
?? ?#將dg1的加入
?? ?$ ssh dg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?$ ssh dg1 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys dg1:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
?? ?（遇到一個問題：
?? ??? ?[oracle@rac1 .ssh]$ ssh dg1 date
?? ??? ?Warning: the RSA host key for 'dg1' differs from the key for the IP address '192.1.0.103'
?? ??? ?Offending key for IP in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:15
?? ??? ?Matching host key in /home/oracle/.ssh/known_hosts:17
?? ??? ?Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
?? ??? ?2013年 10月 12日 星期六 11:39:08 CST
?? ??? ?解決方法：
?? ??? ?查看known_hosts 內容，發現'192.1.0.103' 以前指定了其它的服務器，直接刪除對應的其它服務器行。
?? ??? ?問題解決。
?? ?）
?? ?還有一個有趣的問題，在RAC1中配置了ssh 對等訪問，系統會自動更新到其它的RAC節點中，比如我這里有RAC2；
?? ?在單機上先安裝一個GRID（ASM),再安裝ORACLE.
?? ?1.3 安裝GRID
?? ??? ?【】為獨立服務器配置ORACLE GRID INFRASTRUCTURE
?? ??? ?安裝此項選擇，還要選擇一個ASM磁盤，是開始時沒想到的。后來另外分出兩個分區做ASM特征盤，
?? ??? ?有點象RAC中的RAC表決盤(或OCR磁盤）。
安裝完成GRID后，查看狀態如下：
[grid@dg1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name?????????? Type?????????? Target??? State???? Host?????? ?
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg???? ora....up.type ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora.DATA.dg??? ora....up.type ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora....VERY.dg ora....up.type ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora.asm??????? ora.asm.type?? ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora.cssd?????? ora.cssd.type? ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora.diskmon??? ora....on.type OFFLINE?? OFFLINE????????????? ?
ora.evmd?????? ora.evm.type?? ONLINE??? ONLINE??? dg1??????? ?
ora.ons??????? ora.ons.type?? OFFLINE?? OFFLINE????????????? ?
[grid@dg1 ~]$
(紅色部分為添加的ASM 磁盤組)
?? ?1.3，1.4 兩個安裝參考：
?? ?http://blog.csdn.net/miyatang/article/details/6659839
?? ?
先前測試的配置日志（http://blog.csdn.net/miyatang/article/details/9979579）
二、數據庫配置
?? ?
?? ?2.1 監聽/ASM 配置
?? ?2.1.1 listener.ora
?? ?[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
?? ?# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
?? ?# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
?? ?LISTENER =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
?? ??? ?(DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?2.1.2 tnsnames.ora
?? ?[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
?? ?# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
?? ?# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
?? ?RACDB1 =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS_LIST =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.101)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.111)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?? (INSTANCE_NAME = racdb1)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?RACDB =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVER = DEDICATED)
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?RACDB2 =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS_LIST =
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.102)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.112)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?)
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
?? ??? ?? (INSTANCE_NAME = racdb2)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?stbdb =
?? ?? (DESCRIPTION =
?? ??? ?(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.1.0.103)(PORT = 1521))
?? ??? ?(CONNECT_DATA =
?? ??? ?? (SERVER = DEDICATED)
?? ??? ?? (SERVICE_NAME = stbdb)
?? ??? ?)
?? ?? )
?? ?把stbdb 部分插入到兩個節點的 tnsnames.ora 文件中。
?? ?
?? ?2.1.3 grid 用戶下，使用asmca 建立 +DATA,+RECOVERY 兩個ASM 磁盤組。
?? ??? ?測試查看ASM 磁盤組：
?? ??? ?[grid@localhost grid]$ asmcmd
?? ??? ?Connected to an idle instance.
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> ls
?? ??? ?ASMCMD-8102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?修改grid 用戶下的.bash_profile
?? ??? ??? ?ORACLE_SID=+ASM; export ORACLE_SID?? ??? ? (原為：ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; 此內容為RAC中拷貝而來有兩個實例ASM1,ASM2.)
?? ??? ??? ?PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
?? ??? ??? ?
?? ?修改后問題解決：
?? ??? ?[grid@localhost grid]$ asmcmd
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> ls
?? ??? ?CRS/
?? ??? ?DATA/
?? ??? ?RECOVERY/
?? ??? ?ASMCMD> exit
?? ?2.2.配置參數：
?? ??? ?2.2.1、打開Forced Logging模式
?? ??? ?SQL> alter database force logging;
?? ??? ?Database altered.
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?2.2.2
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(stbdb,racdb)';
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30;
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE SCOPE=SPFILE;
?? ??? ?SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER=stbdb;
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set FAL_CLIENT=racdb;
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
?? ??? ?ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=stbdb LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stbdb' scope=both;
?? ??? ?ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER;
?? ??? ?--先設置成不活動的，后面再修改成：? ENABLE;
?? ??? ?--ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2 = ENABLE scope=both;
?? ??? ?#添加STANDBY LOGFILE:
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?select group#,THREAD#,l.MEMBERS,l.STATUS from v$log l
?? ??? ??? ?GROUP#?? ?THREAD#?? ?MEMBERS?? ?STATUS
?? ??? ?1?? ?1?? ?1?? ?2?? ?INACTIVE
?? ??? ?2?? ?2?? ?1?? ?2?? ?CURRENT
?? ??? ?3?? ?3?? ?2?? ?2?? ?CURRENT
?? ??? ?4?? ?4?? ?2?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ?5?? ?5?? ?1?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ?6?? ?6?? ?2?? ?2?? ?ACTIVE
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 7 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 8 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 1 group 9 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 10 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 11 ;
?? ??? ? alter database add STANDBY logfile thread 2 group 12 ;
?? ?#2.2 生成pfile，并修改。
?? ??? ?SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initstbdb.ora' from spfile;
?? ??? ?1.修改
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
?? ??? ?? 修改后：
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?建立目錄 ：
?? ??? ??? ?mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump
?? ??? ??? ?chown oracle:oinstall? /opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump
?? ??? ?2.添加以下內容:
?? ??? ?*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile','+DATA/stbdb/datafile','+DATA/racdb/tempfile','+DATA/stbdb/tempfile'
?? ??? ?*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog','+DATA/stbdb/onlinelog','+RECOVERY/racdb/onlinelog' ,'+RECOVERY/stbdb/onlinelog'
?? ??? ?修改前的 initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__shared_pool_size=3556769792
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__shared_pool_size=3690987520
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.__streams_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.__streams_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/racdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_trail='NONE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.cluster_database=true
?? ??? ??? ?*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
?? ??? ??? ?*.control_files='+DATA/racdb/controlfile/current.267.812303153','+RECOVERY/racdb/controlfile/current.3283.812303153'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_block_size=8192
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_domain=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_flashback_retention_target=1440
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_name='racdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=3221225472000
?? ??? ??? ?*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
?? ??? ??? ?*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racdbXDB)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_client='RACDB'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_server='DGDB'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.instance_number=2
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.instance_number=1
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dgdb,racdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dgdb LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_max_processes=30
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.memory_max_target=29360128000
?? ??? ??? ?*.memory_target=27031240704
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_territory='CHINA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.open_cursors=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.processes=8000
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.resource_manager_plan=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.session_cached_cursors=100
?? ??? ??? ?*.sessions=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.standby_file_management='MANUAL'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.thread=2
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.thread=1
?? ??? ??? ?racdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
?? ??? ??? ?racdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDO_TBS01'
?? ??? ??? ?[oracle@localhost dbs]$
?? ??? ?修改后的initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initstbdb.ora
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__db_cache_size=13623099392
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__java_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__large_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__oracle_base='/opt/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__pga_aggregate_target=9462349824
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__sga_target=17582522368
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__shared_pool_size=3556769792
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.__streams_pool_size=67108864
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_file_dest='/opt/app/oracle/admin/stbdb/adump'
?? ??? ??? ?*.audit_trail='NONE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
?? ??? ??? ?*.control_files='+DATA/racdb/controlfile/current.267.812303153','+RECOVERY/racdb/controlfile/current.3283.812303153'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_block_size=8192
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_domain=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_flashback_retention_target=1440
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_name='racdb'
?? ??? ??? ?db_unique_name='stbdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY'
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=900000000000
?? ??? ??? ?*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/app/oracle'
?? ??? ??? ?*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stbdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_client='STBDB'
?? ??? ??? ?*.fal_server='RACDB1,RACDB2'
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.instance_number=1
?? ??? ??? ?*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/racdb/datafile','+DATA/stbdb/datafile','+DATA/racdb/tempfile','+DATA/stbdb/tempfile'
?? ??? ??? ?*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/racdb/onlinelog','+DATA/stbdb/onlinelog','+RECOVERY/racdb/onlinelog' ,'+RECOVERY/stbdb/onlinelog'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dgdb,racdb)'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dgdb LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
?? ??? ??? ?*.log_archive_max_processes=30
?? ??? ??? ?stbdb.memory_max_target=29360128000
?? ??? ??? ?*.memory_target=27031240704
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.nls_territory='CHINA'
?? ??? ??? ?*.open_cursors=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.processes=8000
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_listener='stbdb:1521'
?? ??? ??? ?*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
?? ??? ??? ?*.resource_manager_plan=''
?? ??? ??? ?*.session_cached_cursors=100
?? ??? ??? ?*.sessions=5000
?? ??? ??? ?*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
?? ??? ??? ?thread=1
?? ??? ??? ?undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
?? ?#2.3創建控制文件 ：
?? ??? ?切換兩次日志及做兩次歸檔
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system switch logfile;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system switch logfile;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system archive log current;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter system archive log current;
?? ??? ?System altered.
?? ??? ?SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/tmp/control01.ctl';
?? ??? ?Database altered.
?? ?#2.4創建密碼文件
?? ??? ?[oracle@ract1 ~]$ orapwd file=/tmp/orapwstbdb.ora password=sa force=y ignorecase=y
?? ?#2.5把文件拷貝到 dg1 服務器：
?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?scp /tmp/orapwstbdb.ora dg1:/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapwstbdb.ora
?? ??? ?scp /tmp/inittdb.ora dg1:/tmp/inittdb.ora
?? ?#2.6 在STANDBY 端
?? ??? ?SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/inittdb.ora';
?? ??? ?File created.
?? ??? ?SQL> startup nomount;
?? ?#2.7復制數據庫
??? （執行命令要在PRIMARY 中的某一個節點中進行，不然會出錯）
?? ??? ?[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@racdb1 auxiliary sys/oracle@stbdb nocatalog
?? ??? ?rman>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
三、DATAGUARD 開啟
?? ?SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
?? ?Database altered.
?? ?# 開啟STANDBY 數據庫
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE;
?? ?#啟用STANDBY數據庫，進入RECOVER模式：
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
?? ?#啟動到只讀模式：
?? ?alter database open read only;
?? ?#轉換到REAL-TIME模式下：
?? ?--alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
?? ?--ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
?? ?ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT from session;
四、測試驗證
?? ?#PRIMARY 端：
SQL>
SQL> select thread#,sequence#,status from v$log;
?? THREAD#? SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------
?? ? 1?? ?57930 CURRENT
?? ? 1?? ?57929 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43251 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43252 ACTIVE
?? ? 1?? ?57928 INACTIVE
?? ? 2?? ?43253 CURRENT
6 rows selected.
?? ?SQL>
?? ?#STANDBY 端
?? ?SQL> select archived_thread#,archived_seq#,APPLIED_THREAD#,APPLIED_SEQ# from v$archive_dest_status;
ARCHIVED_THREAD# ARCHIVED_SEQ# APPLIED_THREAD# APPLIED_SEQ#
---------------- ------------- --------------- ------------
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 0?? ????? 0?? ??? ????? 0?? ??? ?? 0
?? ??????? 2?? ? 43252?? ??? ????? 2?? ?????? 43252
總結
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