Linux Shell常用技巧(三)
八. 流編輯器sed:
?? ?sed一次處理一行文件并把輸出送往屏幕。sed把當前處理的行存儲在臨時緩沖區中,稱為模式空間(pattern space)。一旦sed完成對模式空間中的行的處理,模式空間中的行就被送往屏幕。行被處理完成之后,就被移出模式空間,程序接著讀入下一行,處理,顯示,移出......文件輸入的最后一行被處理完以后sed結束。通過存儲每一行在臨時緩沖區,然后在緩沖區中操作該行,保證了原始文件不會被破壞。
?? ?
?? ?1.? sed的命令和選項:
| 命令 | 功能描述 |
| a\ | ?在當前行的后面加入一行或者文本。 |
| c\ | ?用新的文本改變或者替代本行的文本。 |
| d | ?從pattern space位置刪除行。 |
| i\ | ?在當前行的上面插入文本。 |
| h | ?拷貝pattern space的內容到holding buffer(特殊緩沖區)。 |
| H | ?追加pattern space的內容到holding buffer。 |
| g | ?獲得holding buffer中的內容,并替代當前pattern space中的文本。 |
| G | ?獲得holding buffer中的內容,并追加到當前pattern space的后面。 |
| n | ?讀取下一個輸入行,用下一個命令處理新的行而不是用第一個命令。 |
| p | ?打印pattern space中的行。 |
| P | ?打印pattern space中的第一行。 |
| q | ?退出sed。 |
| w file | ?寫并追加pattern space到file的末尾。 |
| ! | ?表示后面的命令對所有沒有被選定的行發生作用。 |
| s/re/string | ?用string替換正則表達式re。 |
| = | ?打印當前行號碼。 |
| 替換標記 | ? |
| g | ?行內全面替換,如果沒有g,只替換第一個匹配。 |
| p | ?打印行。 |
| x | ?互換pattern space和holding buffer中的文本。 |
| y | ?把一個字符翻譯為另一個字符(但是不能用于正則表達式)。 |
| 選項 | ? |
| -e | ?允許多點編輯。 |
| -n | ?取消默認輸出。 |
???? 需要說明的是,sed中的正則和grep的基本相同,完全可以參照本系列的第一篇中的詳細說明。
?? 2.? sed實例:
??? /> cat testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW???? Charles Main?????????? 3.0????? .98????? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray?????????? 5.3????? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW???? Lewis Dalsass????????? 2.7????? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin?????????????? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE?????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0????? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage?????????????? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.????????????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north????????????? NO????? Margot Weber???????? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central??????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?????? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
??? /> sed '/north/p' testfile #如果模板north被找到,sed除了打印所有行之外,還有打印匹配行。
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ??? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern??????? SO?????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE?????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ???? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north????????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?north????????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central??????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
?? ?#-n選項取消了sed的默認行為。在沒有-n的時候,包含模板的行被打印兩次,但是在使用-n的時候將只打印包含模板的行。
? ? /> sed -n '/north/p' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.?????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north????????????? NO????? Margot Weber? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
??? /> sed '3d' testfile? #第三行被刪除,其他行默認輸出到屏幕。
?? ?northwest?????? NW???? Charles Main?? ??? ???? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE?????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ???? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE?????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO?????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central?????????? CT?????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
??? /> sed '3,$d' testfile? #從第三行刪除到最后一行,其他行被打印。$表示最后一行。
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
??? /> sed '$d' testfile??? #刪除最后一行,其他行打印。
?? ?northwest?????? NW???? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE???? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW??? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ??? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO???? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ?? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
??? /> sed '/north/d' testfile #刪除所有包含north的行,其他行打印。
?? ?western?????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ??? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern????????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast???????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern??????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ???? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?central???????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
?? ?#s表示替換,g表示命令作用于整個當前行。如果該行存在多個west,都將被替換為north,如果沒有g,則只是替換第一個匹配。
??? /> sed 's/west/north/g' testfile
?? ?northnorth????? NW???? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98??? 3?????? 34
?? ?northern???????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ? 5.3???? .97??? 5?????? 23
?? ?southnorth????? SW???? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ?? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95??? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ?? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94??? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central??????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
??? /> sed -n 's/^west/north/p' testfile #-n表示只打印匹配行,如果某一行的開頭是west,則替換為north。
?? ?northern??????? WE????? Sharon Gray???? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?#&符號表示替換字符串中被找到的部分。所有以兩個數字結束的行,最后的數字都將被它們自己替換,同時追加.5。
??? /> sed 's/[0-9][0-9]$/&.5/' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ?? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34.5
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23.5
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18.5
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15.5
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17.5
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20.5
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13.5
?? ?north????????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central??????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13.5
??? /> sed -n 's/Hemenway/Jones/gp' testfile? #所有的Hemenway被替換為Jones。-n選項加p命令則表示只打印匹配行。
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Jones? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?#模板Mar被包含在一對括號中,并在特殊的寄存器中保存為tag 1,它將在后面作為\1替換字符串,Margot被替換為Marlianne。
??? /> sed -n 's/\(Mar\)got/\1lianne/p' testfile
?? ?north?????????? NO????? Marlianne Weber 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?#s后面的字符一定是分隔搜索字符串和替換字符串的分隔符,默認為斜杠,但是在s命令使用的情況下可以改變。不論什么字符緊跟著s命令都認為是新的分隔符。這個技術在搜索含斜杠的模板時非常有用,例如搜索時間和路徑的時候。
??? /> sed 's#3#88#g' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ???? 88.0??? .98???? 88???? 884
?? ?western????????? WE?????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.88??? .97???? 5?????? 288
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ??? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO?????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE??????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7??????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA?????? TB Savage????? ??? ???? 4.4???? .84????? 5????? 20
?? ?northeast??????? NE?????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94????? 88???? 188
?? ?north????????????? NO?????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89????? 5?????? 9
?? ?central??????????? CT?????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94????? 5?????? 188
?? ?#所有在模板west和east所確定的范圍內的行都被打印,如果west出現在esst后面的行中,從west開始到下一個east,無論這個east出現在哪里,二者之間的行都被打印,即使從west開始到文件的末尾還沒有出現east,那么從west到末尾的所有行都將打印。
??? /> sed -n '/west/,/east/p' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98????? 3????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ??? 5.3???? .97???? 5????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW???? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ? ? 2.7???? .8?????? 2????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4????? 15
?? ?southeast??????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway??? 4.0???? .7?????? 4????? 17
??? /> sed -n '5,/^northeast/p' testfile? #打印從第五行開始到第一個以northeast開頭的行之間的所有行。
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast??????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?#-e選項表示多點編輯。第一個編輯命令是刪除第一到第三行。第二個編輯命令是用Jones替換Hemenway。
??? /> sed -e '1,3d' -e 's/Hemenway/Jones/' testfile
?? ?southern??????? SO????? Suan Chin????????? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Jones????? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern????????? EA????? TB Savage????????? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.???????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber??? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central?????????? CT????? Ann Stephens???? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
??? /> sed -n '/north/w newfile' testfile #將所有匹配含有north的行寫入newfile中。
?? ?/> cat newfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main???? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.???????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north????????? ?? NO????? Margot Weber??? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
??? /> sed '/eastern/i\ NEW ENGLAND REGION' testfile #i是插入命令,在匹配模式行前插入文本。
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ?? 3.0???? .98????? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ?? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast??????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?NEW ENGLAND REGION
?? ?eastern????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central?????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
?? ?#找到匹配模式eastern的行后,執行后面花括號中的一組命令,每個命令之間用逗號分隔,n表示定位到匹配行的下一行,s/AM/Archie/完成Archie到AM的替換,p和-n選項的合用,則只是打印作用到的行。
??? /> sed -n '/eastern/{n;s/AM/Archie/;p}' testfile
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? Archie Main Jr. 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?#-e表示多點編輯,第一個編輯命令y將前三行中的所有小寫字母替換為大寫字母,-n表示不顯示替換后的輸出,第二個編輯命令將只是打印輸出轉換后的前三行。注意y不能用于正則。
??? /> sed -n -e '1,3y/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/' -e '1,3p' testfile
?? ?NORTHWEST?????? NW????? CHARLES MAIN???? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?WESTERN?????????? WE????? SHARON GRAY????? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?SOUTHWEST?????? SW????? LEWIS DALSASS?? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
??? /> sed '2q' testfile? #打印完第二行后退出。
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray???? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?#當模板Lewis在某一行被匹配,替換命令首先將Lewis替換為Joseph,然后再用q退出sed。
???? /> sed '/Lewis/{s/Lewis/Joseph/;q;}' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main????? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray????? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Joseph Dalsass? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?#在sed處理文件的時候,每一行都被保存在pattern space的臨時緩沖區中。除非行被刪除或者輸出被取消,否則所有被處理過的行都將打印在屏幕上。接著pattern space被清空,并存入新的一行等待處理。在下面的例子中,包含模板的northeast行被找到,并被放入pattern space中,h命令將其復制并存入一個稱為holding buffer的特殊緩沖區內。在第二個sed編輯命令中,當達到最后一行后,G命令告訴sed從holding buffer中取得該行,然后把它放回到pattern space中,且追加到現在已經存在于模式空間的行的末尾。
???? /> sed -e '/northeast/h' -e '$G' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW???? Charles Main?? ??? ???? 3.0??? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE???? Sharon Gray??? ??? ??? 5.3??? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW??? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ??? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO???? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central?????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?#如果模板WE在某一行被匹配,h命令將使得該行從pattern space中復制到holding buffer中,d命令在將該行刪除,因此WE匹配行沒有在原來的位置被輸出。第二個命令搜索CT,一旦被找到,G命令將從holding buffer中取回行,并追加到當前pattern space的行末尾。簡單的說,WE所在的行被移動并追加到包含CT行的后面。
??? /> sed -e '/WE/{h;d;}' -e '/CT/{G;}' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW??? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?southwest?????? SW??? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ?? 2.7???? .8????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO???? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA???? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.?? ??? ??? ?? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ? 4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?central?????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ?? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
?? ?western???????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5?????? 23
?? ?#第一個命令將匹配northeast的行從pattern space復制到holding buffer,第二個命令在讀取的文件的末尾時,g命令告訴sed從holding buffer中取得行,并把它放回到pattern space中,以替換已經存在于pattern space中的。簡單說就是包含模板northeast的行被復制并覆蓋了文件的末尾行。
??? /> sed -e '/northeast/h' -e '$g' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW???? Charles Main?? ??? ?? 3.0???? .98???? 3?????? 34
?? ?western????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?5.3???? .97????? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW???? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ?? 5.1???? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ?? 4.4???? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89???? 5?????? 9
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ???? 5.1???? .94???? 3?????? 13
?? ?#模板WE匹配的行被h命令復制到holding buffer,再被d命令刪除。結果可以看出WE的原有位置沒有輸出。第二個編輯命令將找到匹配CT的行,g命令將取得holding buffer中的行,并覆蓋當前pattern space中的行,即匹配CT的行。簡單的說,任何包含模板northeast的行都將被復制,并覆蓋包含CT的行。?? ?
??? /> sed -e '/WE/{h;d;}' -e '/CT/{g;}' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW??? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0???? .98????? 3????? 34
?? ?southwest?????? SW??? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ?? 2.7???? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO???? Suan Chin????? ??? ??? 5.1???? .95??? ? 4????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway?? 4.0???? .7?????? 4????? 17
?? ?eastern????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ??? 4.4???? .84????? 5????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ????? 5.1???? .94???? 3????? 13
?? ?north???????????? NO????? Margot Weber?? ??? ?4.5???? .89????? 5????? 9
?? ?western???????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97???? 5????? 23
?? ?#第一個編輯中的h命令將匹配Patricia的行復制到holding buffer中,第二個編輯中的x命令,會將holding buffer中的文本考慮到pattern space中,而pattern space中的文本被復制到holding buffer中。因此在打印匹配Margot行的地方打印了holding buffer中的文本,即第一個命令中匹配Patricia的行文本,第三個編輯命令會將交互后的holding buffer中的文本在最后一行的后面打印出來。
??? ?/> sed -e '/Patricia/h' -e '/Margot/x' -e '$G' testfile
?? ?northwest?????? NW????? Charles Main?? ??? ??? 3.0????? .98????? 3?????? 34
?? ?western?????????? WE????? Sharon Gray??? ??? ?? 5.3???? .97????? 5?????? 23
?? ?southwest?????? SW????? Lewis Dalsass? ??? ?? 2.7????? .8?????? 2?????? 18
?? ?southern???????? SO????? Suan Chin????? ??? ???? 5.1????? .95???? 4?????? 15
?? ?southeast?????? SE?????? Patricia Hemenway??? 4.0????? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?eastern?????????? EA????? TB Savage????? ??? ???? 4.4????? .84???? 5?????? 20
?? ?northeast?????? NE?????? AM Main Jr.??? ??? ?????? 5.1???? .94????? 3 ????? 13
?? ?southeast?????? SE????? Patricia Hemenway????? 4.0???? .7?????? 4?????? 17
?? ?central??????????? CT????? Ann Stephens?? ??? ???? 5.7???? .94???? 5?????? 13
總結
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Linux Shell常用技巧(三)的全部內容,希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
- 上一篇: Linux Shell常用命令总结
- 下一篇: Linux Shell常用技巧(四)