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[python] 下载天地图切片地图

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2024/3/26 python 33 豆豆

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下載xyz地圖

資源

下列為常用xyz路由地址
為了避免圖片中出現(xiàn)文字標(biāo)注（道路名稱，建筑物名稱等）本文選擇天地圖tian-vec 作為獲取資源對象

var mapUrl = {/***** 高德地圖* lang可以通過zh_cn設(shè)置中文，en設(shè)置英文，size基本無作用，scl設(shè)置標(biāo)注還是底圖，scl=1代表注記，* scl=2代表底圖（矢量或者影像），style設(shè)置影像和路網(wǎng)，style=6為影像圖，* vec——街道底圖* img——影像底圖* roadLabel---路網(wǎng)+標(biāo)注*/"aMap-img": "http://webst0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","aMap-vec": "http://webrd0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","aMap-roadLabel": "http://webst0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",/**** 天地圖要key的* vec——街道底圖* img——影像底圖* ter——地形底圖* cva——中文注記* cta/cia——道路+中文注記 ---roadLabel*/"tian-img": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=img_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27","tian-roadLabel": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=cta_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27","tian-label": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=cva_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27","tian-vec": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27","tian-ter": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=ter_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",/****geoq地圖* http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn* http://map.geoq.cn* vec：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)彩色地圖* gray、blue、warm* line 中國輪廓圖* china 中國輪廓圖+標(biāo)注* Hydro 水系* green 植被*/"geoq-vec": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineCommunity/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}","geoq-gray": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetGray/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}","geoq-blue": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetPurplishBlue/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}","geoq-warm": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetWarm/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}","geoq-line": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/SimpleFeature/ChinaBoundaryLine/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩(wěn)定"geoq-china": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/administrative_division_boundaryandlabel/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩(wěn)定"geoq-Hydro": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/WorldHydroMap/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩(wěn)定"geoq-green": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/vegetation/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩(wěn)定/**** Google* m 街道* s 影像*/"google-vec": "http://www.google.cn/maps/vt?lyrs=m@189&gl=cn&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","google-img": "http://www.google.cn/maps/vt?lyrs=s@189&gl=cn&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}"};

展示資源

最終效果如下，矩形框內(nèi)是我們需要獲取的地圖也就是需要爬蟲下載的

加載地圖點(diǎn)選選擇范圍將范圍繪制在地圖上

四個(gè)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換成四至得到矩形

xsq = "120.22940239501227;30.226915680225147;120.28948387694587;30.146807031535218"xsqlist = xsq.split(";")xsq_x_list = [] xsq_y_list = []for i in range(len(xsqlist)):if i % 2 == 0:xsq_x_list.append(float(xsqlist[i]))else:xsq_y_list.append(float(xsqlist[i]))xsq_x_y_list = []for x, y in zip(xsq_x_list, xsq_y_list):xsq_x_y_list.append([float(x), float(y)])MINX = min(xsq_x_list) MAXX = max(xsq_x_list) MINY = min(xsq_y_list) MAXY = max(xsq_y_list)print([MINX, MINY]) print([MINX, MAXY]) print([MAXX, MAXY]) print([MAXX, MINY]) print([MINX, MINY])

地圖顯示

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>高德地圖+ol</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/openlayers/4.6.5/ol.css"integrity="sha256-rQq4Fxpq3LlPQ8yP11i6Z2lAo82b6ACDgd35CKyNEBw=" crossorigin="anonymous"/><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/openlayers/4.6.5/ol.js"integrity="sha256-77IKwU93jwIX7zmgEBfYGHcmeO0Fx2MoWB/ooh9QkBA="crossorigin="anonymous"></script><style>#map {width: 100%;height: 100%;position: absolute;}</style> </head><body> <div id="map"></div> <script type="text/javascript">var gaodeMapLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({title: "titile",source: new ol.source.XYZ({url: mapUrl["tian-vec"]})});var fa = new ol.layer.Vector({source: new ol.source.Vector({features: [new ol.Feature({geometry: new ol.geom.Polygon([[[120.22940239501227, 30.146807031535218],[120.22940239501227, 30.226915680225147],[120.28948387694587, 30.226915680225147],[120.28948387694587, 30.146807031535218],[120.22940239501227, 30.146807031535218],]]),name: 'pg'})]}),});var map = new ol.Map({layers: [gaodeMapLayer, fa],view: new ol.View({center: [120, 30],projection: 'EPSG:4326',zoom: 10}),target: 'map'});// 點(diǎn)選地圖用map.on('singleclick', function (e) {console.log(map.getEventCoordinate(e.originalEvent));})</script> </body></html>

爬蟲開始

介紹XYZ 的規(guī)則
有興趣可以查看這篇博客：openlayers-自定義瓦片

根據(jù)圖中描述，所需要素為 x ，y ，z 三者，在資源路由中不難看出 xyz 都是作為未知數(shù)
{"tian-vec": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27"}

瀏覽器調(diào)試

觀察下圖，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)右側(cè)小圖片中的那塊內(nèi)容在左側(cè)出現(xiàn)

獲取地址

使用同樣的方式獲取右下角地址

左上角地址 http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27326&y=13492&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27
右下角地址 http://t4.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27333&y=13507&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27

地址如何使用？

不變的是z 在天地圖url中是l ,本文示例l=15

在地址中x y 存在關(guān)系： x 向右增加，y向下增加

本文x范圍 [ 27326,27333 ]

本文y范圍[ 13492, 13507 ]

到目前所有參數(shù)準(zhǔn)備就緒

tips: 天地圖的key 需要自己注冊，本文已經(jīng)提供了

代碼怎么寫？

單個(gè)圖片下載

http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27326&y=13492&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27 以此為例

import requests import os# 文件存放位置設(shè)置 BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc') print(BASE_PATH)# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫 headers = {"Connection": "keep-alive","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36", }# 單個(gè)圖片的參數(shù) x = 27326 y = 13492 z = 15 key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27' # 完整url url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(x, y, z, key) # 保存文件名稱 fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(x, y, z)) # 具體下載操作 if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)if r.status_code == 200:with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:for chunk in r:f.write(chunk)

下載成功

多圖下載

import requests import os # 文件存放位置設(shè)置 BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc') BASE_PATH_res = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'result')# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫 headers = {"Connection": "keep-alive","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36", }def download_pic(x, y, z):try:# 下載圖片key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27'for xi in x:for yi in y:url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(xi, yi, z, key)# 保存文件名稱fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))# 具體下載操作if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)if r.status_code == 200:with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:for chunk in r:f.write(chunk)else:print("訪問異常")except Exception as e:print(e)passif __name__ == '__main__':x = range(27326 - 1, 27326 + 2) y = range(13492 - 1, 13492 + 2) z = 15picSize = 256download_pic(x, y, z)

至此我們將一部分圖片下載完成

拼圖

在上面多圖下載結(jié)果中我們看到了很多一張張的圖片和我們在地圖上看到的不太一樣，地圖上的是一整張的，所以我們需要將這個(gè)圖拼起來構(gòu)造一張完整的圖，如下圖

我們將圖想象成下圖的形式，只需要知道每一個(gè)格子里面填寫什么（圖片名稱）

def merge_pic(x, y, z):picSize = 256try:# 構(gòu)造平圖矩陣li = []for xi in x:lis = []for yi in y:fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))lis.append(fileName)li.append(lis)oca = len(x)ocb = len(y)toImage = Image.new('RGBA', (oca * picSize, ocb * picSize))for i in range(oca):for j in range(ocb):fromImge = Image.open(li[i][j])picx = 256 * ipicy = 256 * jloc = (picx, picy)toImage.paste(fromImge, loc)toImage.save(os.path.join(BASE_PATH_res, "rs.png"))print("構(gòu)造完成輸出圖片")except Exception as e:print(e)pass

完整demo

#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requests from PIL import Image import os# 文件存放位置設(shè)置 BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc') BASE_PATH_res = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'result')# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫 headers = {"Connection": "keep-alive","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36", }def download_pic(x, y, z):try:# 下載圖片key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27'for xi in x:for yi in y:url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(xi, yi, z, key)# 保存文件名稱fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))# 具體下載操作if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)if r.status_code == 200:with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:for chunk in r:f.write(chunk)else:print("訪問異常")except Exception as e:print(e)passdef merge_pic(x, y, z):picSize = 256try:# 構(gòu)造平圖矩陣li = []for xi in x:lis = []for yi in y:fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))lis.append(fileName)li.append(lis)oca = len(x)ocb = len(y)toImage = Image.new('RGBA', (oca * picSize, ocb * picSize))for i in range(oca):for j in range(ocb):fromImge = Image.open(li[i][j])picx = 256 * ipicy = 256 * jloc = (picx, picy)toImage.paste(fromImge, loc)toImage.save(os.path.join(BASE_PATH_res, "rs.png"))print("構(gòu)造完成輸出圖片")except Exception as e:print(e)passif __name__ == '__main__':x = range(27326 - 1, 27326 + 2)y = range(13492 - 1, 13492 + 2)z = 15download_pic(x, y, z)merge_pic(x, y, z)

注

本文代碼及可視化代碼均放在 github 歡迎star & fork

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