c++ 常用总结（三）
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c++ 常用总结（三）
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1.設(shè)計(jì)模式?
?GitHub - FengJungle/DesignPattern: Design pattern demo code
（一）?
①?簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式
?再不學(xué)簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式，就真的要去工廠搬磚啦~_馮Jungle的博客-CSDN博客
通過(guò)以下的例子可見(jiàn)，只需要提供產(chǎn)品名稱作為參數(shù)，傳入工廠的方法中，即可得到對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)品。抽象產(chǎn)品類中并沒(méi)有提供公共方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)，而是在各個(gè)具體產(chǎn)品類中根據(jù)各自產(chǎn)品情況實(shí)現(xiàn)。
當(dāng)然，簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式存在明顯的不足。假設(shè)有一天Jungle想玩網(wǎng)球了，該怎么辦呢？你肯定會(huì)說(shuō)，這還不容易嗎？再?gòu)某橄螽a(chǎn)品類派生出一個(gè)Tennis類，并在工廠類的getSportProduct方法中增加“productName == "Tennis”的條件分支即可。的確如此，但是這明顯違背了開(kāi)閉原則（對(duì)擴(kuò)展開(kāi)放，對(duì)修改關(guān)閉），即在擴(kuò)展功能時(shí)修改了已有的代碼。另一方面，簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式所有的判斷邏輯都在工廠類中實(shí)現(xiàn)，一旦工廠類設(shè)計(jì)故障，則整個(gè)系統(tǒng)都受之影響！
例1
SimpleFactory.h
#ifndef _SIMPLE_FACTORY_ #define _SIMPLE_FACTORY_#include <iostream>// 抽象類 class AbstractSportProduct{ public:virtual void printName() = 0;virtual void play() = 0; };class Basketball : public AbstractSportProduct{ public:void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Basketball\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Basketball\n";} };class Football : public AbstractSportProduct{ public:Football(){printName();play();}void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Football\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Football\n";} };class Volleyball : public AbstractSportProduct{ public:void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Volleyball\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Volleyball\n";} };class Factory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> getSportProduct(std::string productName){std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> pro;if(productName == "Basketball"){pro = std::make_shared<Basketball>();}else if (productName == "Football"){pro = std::make_shared<Football>();}else if (productName == "Volleyball"){pro = std::make_shared<Volleyball>();}return pro;} };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "SimpleFactory.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<Factory> f = std::make_shared<Factory>();std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> pro = f->getSportProduct("Basketball");pro->printName();pro->play();std::cout << "-------------------------\n";pro = f->getSportProduct("Football");std::cout << "-------------------------\n";pro = f->getSportProduct("Volleyball");pro->printName();pro->play();return 0; }②?工廠模式
如果Jungle想玩網(wǎng)球（Tennis），只需要增加一個(gè)棒球工廠（TennisFacory），然后在客戶端代碼中修改具體工廠類的類名，而原有的類的代碼無(wú)需修改。由此可看到，相較簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式，工廠方法模式更加符合開(kāi)閉原則。工廠方法是使用頻率最高的設(shè)計(jì)模式之一，是很多開(kāi)源框架和API類庫(kù)的核心模式。
例1
FactoryMethod.h
#ifndef __FACTORY_METHOD__ #define __FACTORY_METHOD__#include <iostream>// 抽象產(chǎn)品類 class AbstractSportProduct{ public:virtual void printName() = 0;virtual void play() = 0; };class Basketball :public AbstractSportProduct{ public:void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Basketball\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Basketball\n";} };class Football :public AbstractSportProduct{ public:Football(){printName();play();}void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Football\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Football\n";} };class Volleyball :public AbstractSportProduct{ public:void printName(){std::cout << "Jungle get Volleyball\n";}void play(){std::cout << "Jungle play Volleyball\n";} };// 抽象工廠類 class AbstractFactory{ public:virtual std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> getSportProduct() = 0; };class BasketballFactory : public AbstractFactory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> getSportProduct() {return std::make_shared<Basketball>();} };class FootballFactory : public AbstractFactory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> getSportProduct() {return std::make_shared<Football>();} };class VolleyballFactory : public AbstractFactory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> getSportProduct() {return std::make_shared<Volleyball>();} };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "FactoryMethod.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<BasketballFactory> f = std::make_shared<BasketballFactory>();std::shared_ptr<AbstractSportProduct> pro = f->getSportProduct();pro->printName();pro->play();std::cout << "------------------------------\n";std::shared_ptr<FootballFactory> f1 = std::make_shared<FootballFactory>();pro = f1->getSportProduct();std::cout << "------------------------------\n";std::shared_ptr<VolleyballFactory> f2 = std::make_shared<VolleyballFactory>();pro = f2->getSportProduct();pro->printName();pro->play();return 0; }③?抽象工廠模式
回顧之前的設(shè)計(jì)模式，簡(jiǎn)單工廠模式所有邏輯都封裝在工廠類中，工廠根據(jù)客戶提供的產(chǎn)品名字創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的對(duì)象實(shí)例；工廠方法模式將產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)建過(guò)程放到了具體工廠類中，每一個(gè)工廠可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)具體產(chǎn)品，由此可能會(huì)創(chuàng)建許多工廠類。很多時(shí)候，一個(gè)工廠不只是生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品，而是生產(chǎn)一類產(chǎn)品，比如一個(gè)體育用品工廠，可以生產(chǎn)籃球、足球、排球等多種產(chǎn)品。此時(shí)我們可以把這些相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品歸納為一個(gè)“產(chǎn)品族”，由同一個(gè)工廠來(lái)生產(chǎn)，這即是Jungle今天要學(xué)習(xí)的抽象工廠模式。
例1
AbstractFactory.h
#ifndef __ABSTRACT_FACTORY__ #define __ABSTRACT_FACTORY__#include <iostream>// 抽象球類 class AbstractBall{ public:virtual void play() = 0; };class Basketball : public AbstractBall{ public:void play() {std::cout << "Jungle play Basketball\n";} };class Football : public AbstractBall{ public:void play() {std::cout << "Jungle play Football\n";} };// 抽象襯衫類 class AbstractShirt{ public:virtual void wearShirt() = 0; };class BasketballShirt : public AbstractShirt{ public:void wearShirt() {std::cout << "Jungle wear Basketball Shirt\n";} };class FootballShirt : public AbstractShirt{ public:void wearShirt() {std::cout << "Jungle wear Football Shirt\n";} };// 抽象工廠類 class AbstractFactory{ public:virtual std::shared_ptr<AbstractBall> getBall() = 0;virtual std::shared_ptr<AbstractShirt> getShirt() = 0; };class BasketballFactory : public AbstractFactory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractBall> getBall(){std::cout << "Jungle get Basketball\n";return std::make_shared<Basketball>();}std::shared_ptr<AbstractShirt> getShirt(){std::cout << "Jungle get Basketball Shirt\n";return std::make_shared<BasketballShirt>();} };class FootballFactory : public AbstractFactory{ public:std::shared_ptr<AbstractBall> getBall(){std::cout << "Jungle get Football\n";return std::make_shared<Football>();}std::shared_ptr<AbstractShirt> getShirt(){std::cout << "Jungle get Football Shirt\n";return std::make_shared<FootballShirt>();} };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "AbstractFactory.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<BasketballFactory> f = std::make_shared<BasketballFactory>();std::shared_ptr<AbstractBall> ab = f->getBall(); std::shared_ptr<AbstractShirt> as = f->getShirt();ab->play();as->wearShirt();std::cout << "---------------------------------\n";std::shared_ptr<FootballFactory> f1 = std::make_shared<FootballFactory>();ab = f1->getBall(); as = f1->getShirt();ab->play();as->wearShirt();return 0; }④ 建造者模式
例1
BuilderPattern.h
#ifndef __BUILDER_PATTERN__ #define __BUILDER_PATTERN__#include <iostream>// 產(chǎn)品類 class House{ public:void setFloor(std::string iFloor){this->floor = iFloor;}void setWall(std::string iWall){this->wall = iWall;}void setRoof(std::string iRoof){this->roof = iRoof;}void printfHouseInfo() {std::cout << "floor: " << floor << "\n";std::cout << "wall: " << wall << "\n";std::cout << "roof: " << roof << "\n";}private:std::string floor;std::string wall;std::string roof; };// 抽象建造者 class AbstractBuilder{ public:AbstractBuilder(){house = std::make_shared<House>();}virtual void buildFloor() = 0;virtual void buildWall() = 0;virtual void buildRoof() = 0;virtual std::shared_ptr<House> getHouse() = 0;std::shared_ptr<House> house; };// 具體建造者A class ConcreteBuilderA : public AbstractBuilder{ public:void buildFloor() {house->setFloor("Floor_A");}void buildWall(){house->setWall("Wall_A");}void buildRoof(){house->setRoof("Roof_A");}std::shared_ptr<House> getHouse(){return house;} };// 具體建造者B class ConcreteBuilderB : public AbstractBuilder{ public:void buildFloor() { house->setFloor("Floor_B");}void buildWall(){ house->setWall("Wall_B");}void buildRoof(){ house->setRoof("Roof_B");}std::shared_ptr<House> getHouse(){return house;} };// 指揮者 class Director{ public:void setBuilder(std::shared_ptr<AbstractBuilder> ibuilder){ builder = ibuilder;}// 封裝組裝流程，返回建造結(jié)果 std::shared_ptr<House> construct(){builder->buildFloor();builder->buildRoof();builder->buildWall();return builder->getHouse();}private: std::shared_ptr<AbstractBuilder> builder; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "BuilderPattern.h"int main(){ // 指定具體建造者A std::shared_ptr<Director> d = std::make_shared<Director>();std::shared_ptr<ConcreteBuilderA> cba = std::make_shared<ConcreteBuilderA>();d->setBuilder(cba);std::shared_ptr<House> h = d->construct();h->printfHouseInfo();std::cout << "---------------------------\n";// 指定具體建造者Bstd::shared_ptr<ConcreteBuilderB> cbb = std::make_shared<ConcreteBuilderB>();d->setBuilder(cbb);h = d->construct();h->printfHouseInfo();return 0; }⑤?原型模式
原型模式通過(guò)復(fù)制一個(gè)已有對(duì)象來(lái)獲取更多相同或者相似的對(duì)象。
例1
報(bào)錯(cuò)如下：Segmentation fault: 11 空指針問(wèn)題
PrototypePattern.h
#ifndef __PROTOTYPE_PATTERN__ #define __PROTOTYPE_PATTERN__#include <iostream>class WorkModel{ public:void setWorkModelName(std::string imodelName){modelName = imodelName;}std::string getWorkModelName(){return modelName;} private:std::string modelName; };class ConcreteWork { public:std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> clone(){std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> cw = std::make_shared<ConcreteWork>();cw->setIdNum(idNum);cw->setIdName(idName);cw->setIWorkModel(iWorkModel);return cw;}std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> getIWorkModel(){return iWorkModel;}void setIdNum(int iIdNum){idNum = iIdNum;}void setIdName(std::string iIdName){idName = iIdName;}void setIWorkModel(std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> iIWorkModel){iWorkModel = iIWorkModel;}void printWorkInfo(){std::cout << "Name: " << idName << "\n";std::cout << "Num: " << idNum << "\n";std::cout << "ModelName: " << iWorkModel->getWorkModelName() << "\n";}private:int idNum;std::string idName;std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> iWorkModel; };#endifmain.cpp?
#include <iostream> #include "PrototypePattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> singleWork = std::make_shared<ConcreteWork>();singleWork->setIdNum(1001);singleWork->setIdName("single");std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> singleWorkModel = singleWork->getIWorkModel();// 錯(cuò)：singleWorkModel是空指針，執(zhí)行setWorkModelName（）會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)！singleWorkModel->setWorkModelName("single_model"); std::cout << "single完成了作業(yè):\n";return 0; }改正如下：
PrototypePattern.h
#ifndef __PROTOTYPE_PATTERN__ #define __PROTOTYPE_PATTERN__#include <iostream>class WorkModel{ public:void setWorkModelName(std::string imodelName){modelName = imodelName;}std::string getWorkModelName(){return modelName;} private:std::string modelName; };class ConcreteWork { public:std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> clone(){std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> cw = std::make_shared<ConcreteWork>();cw->setIdNum(idNum);cw->setIdName(idName);cw->setIWorkModel(iWorkModel);return cw;}void setIdNum(int iIdNum){idNum = iIdNum;}void setIdName(std::string iIdName){idName = iIdName;}void setIWorkModel(std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> iIWorkModel){iWorkModel = iIWorkModel;}void printWorkInfo(){std::cout << "Name: " << idName << "\n";std::cout << "Num: " << idNum << "\n";std::cout << "ModelName: " << iWorkModel->getWorkModelName() << "\n";}private:int idNum;std::string idName;std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> iWorkModel; };#endifmain.cpp?
#include <iostream> #include "PrototypePattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> singleWork = std::make_shared<ConcreteWork>();singleWork->setIdNum(1001);singleWork->setIdName("single");std::shared_ptr<WorkModel> workModel = std::make_shared<WorkModel>();workModel->setWorkModelName("single_model");singleWork->setIWorkModel(workModel);singleWork->printWorkInfo();std::shared_ptr<ConcreteWork> jungleWork = singleWork->clone();std::cout << "jungle正在抄作業(yè)...\n";std::cout << "jungle抄完了，正在改名字和學(xué)號(hào)，否則會(huì)被老師查出來(lái)...\n";jungleWork->setIdNum(1002);jungleWork->setIdName("jungle");workModel = std::make_shared<WorkModel>();workModel->setWorkModelName("jungle_Model");jungleWork->setIWorkModel(workModel);std::cout << "jungle也完成了作業(yè):\n";jungleWork->printWorkInfo();return 0; }⑥ 單例模式
c++ 單例模式_乒乒乓乓丫的博客-CSDN博客
Singleton.h
#ifndef __SINGLETON_H__ #define __SINGLETON_H__#include <iostream> #include <mutex>std::mutex m_mutex;// 懶漢單例模式 class Singleton_Lazy{ public:static std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Lazy> getInstance(){std::cout << "singleton lazy mode.\n";if(instance == nullptr){m_mutex.lock(); // 加鎖if(instance == nullptr){std::cout << "創(chuàng)建新的實(shí)例.\n";instance = std::make_shared<Singleton_Lazy>();}m_mutex.unlock(); // 解鎖}return instance;}private:static std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Lazy> instance; };std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Lazy> Singleton_Lazy::instance = nullptr;// 餓漢單例模式 class Singleton_Hungry{ public:static std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Hungry> getInstance(){std::cout << "singleton hungry mode.\n";instance = std::make_shared<Singleton_Hungry>();return instance;} private:static std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Hungry> instance; };std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Hungry> Singleton_Hungry::instance = nullptr;#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "Singleton.h" #include <pthread.h>#define THREAD_NUM 6void* callSingleton_Lazy(void*){std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Lazy> sl = Singleton_Lazy::getInstance();std::cout << "線程編號(hào): " << pthread_self() << "\n"; }void* callSingleton_Hungry(void*){std::shared_ptr<Singleton_Hungry> sh = Singleton_Hungry::getInstance();std::cout << "線程編號(hào): " << pthread_self() << "\n"; }int main(){pthread_t threads_pool[THREAD_NUM];int tids[THREAD_NUM];// 線程具有屬性，用pthread_attr_t表示，在對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行處理之前必須進(jìn)行初始化，在使用后需要對(duì)其去除初始化。pthread_attr_t attr;void* status;// 創(chuàng)建 pthread_attr_tpthread_attr_init(&attr); // 線程的分離狀態(tài)決定一個(gè)線程以什么樣的方式來(lái)終止自己。在默認(rèn)情況下線程是非分離狀態(tài)的，這種情況下，原有的線程等待創(chuàng)建的線程結(jié)束。// 只有當(dāng)pthread_join（）函數(shù)返回時(shí)，創(chuàng)建的線程才算終止，才能釋放自己占用的系統(tǒng)資源。// PTHREAD _CREATE_JOINABLE（非分離線程）pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);for(int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++){if(i < THREAD_NUM / 2){// 線程創(chuàng)建 pthread_createtids[i] = pthread_create(&threads_pool[i], nullptr, callSingleton_Lazy, (void*)&i);}else {std::cout << "-----------------\n";tids[i] = pthread_create(&threads_pool[i], nullptr, callSingleton_Hungry, (void*)&i);}if(tids[i]){std::cout << "Error: unable to create thread.\n";return 0;}}// 銷毀 pthread_attr_tpthread_attr_destroy(&attr); for(int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++){// pthread_join 主線程阻塞tids[i] = pthread_join(threads_pool[i], &status);if(tids[i]){std::cout << "Error: unable to join.\n";return 0;}}std::cout << "main exiting.\n";return 0; }⑦ 適配器模式
AdapterPattern.h
#ifndef __ADAPTERPATTERN_H__ #define __ADAPTERPATTERN_H__#include <iostream>// 適配者類DxfParser class DxfParser{ public:void parseFile(){std::cout << "Parse dxf file\n";} };// 適配者類PathPlanner class PathPlanner{ public:void calculate(){std::cout << "calculate path\n";} };class Adapter{ public:void pathPlanning(){std::cout << "pathPlanning\n";dxfParser->parseFile();pathPlanner->calculate();} private:std::shared_ptr<DxfParser> dxfParser;std::shared_ptr<PathPlanner> pathPlanner; };#endifmain.cpp?
#include <iostream> #include "AdapterPattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<Adapter> adapter = std::make_shared<Adapter>();adapter->pathPlanning();return 0; }⑧? 橋接模式
BridgePattern.h
#ifndef __BRIDGE_PATTERN_H__ #define __BRIDGE_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream>// 抽象類Game class Game{ public:virtual void play() = 0; };class GameA : public Game { public:void play(){std::cout << "Jungle玩游戲A\n";} };class GameB : public Game { public:void play(){std::cout << "Jungle玩游戲B\n";} };// 抽象類Phone class Phone{ public:virtual void setUpGame(std::shared_ptr<Game> igame) = 0;virtual void play() = 0; private:std::shared_ptr<Game> game; };class PhoneA : public Phone{ public:void setUpGame(std::shared_ptr<Game> igame){game = igame;}void play(){game->play();} private:std::shared_ptr<Game> game; };class PhoneB : public Phone{ public:void setUpGame(std::shared_ptr<Game> igame){game = igame;}void play(){game->play();} private:std::shared_ptr<Game> game; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "BridgePattern.h"int main(){// Jungle買了PhoneA品牌的手機(jī)，想玩游戲Astd::shared_ptr<PhoneA> phoneA = std::make_shared<PhoneA>();std::shared_ptr<GameA> gameA = std::make_shared<GameA>();phoneA->setUpGame(gameA);phoneA->play();std::cout << "----------------\n";// Jungle想在這個(gè)手機(jī)上玩游戲Bstd::shared_ptr<GameB> gameB = std::make_shared<GameB>();phoneA->setUpGame(gameB);phoneA->play();return 0; }⑨? 組合模式
- 派生類中如果沒(méi)有完全實(shí)現(xiàn)基類的所有純虛函數(shù)，則此時(shí)的派生類也是抽象類，不能實(shí)例化對(duì)象。換言之，抽象類的派生類是允許不實(shí)現(xiàn)基類的所有純虛函數(shù)的。
CompositePattern.h
#ifndef __COMPOSITE_PATTERN_H__ #define __COMPOSITE_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include <vector>// 抽象構(gòu)件 class Component{ public:Component(){}Component(std::string iName){name = iName;}// 增加一個(gè)部門或辦公室virtual void add(std::shared_ptr<Component> com) = 0;// 撤銷一個(gè)部門或辦公室virtual void remove(std::shared_ptr<Component> com) = 0;//virtual std::shared_ptr<Component> getChild(int num) = 0;// 各部門操作virtual void operation() = 0;std::string getName(){return name;}private:std::string name; };// 葉子構(gòu)件：辦公室 // 沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)operation()，所以抽象類Component的子類Office也是抽象類，不能實(shí)例化！ class Office : public Component{ public:Office(){}Office(std::string iName){name = iName;}void add(std::shared_ptr<Component> com){std::cout << "not support!\n";}void remove(std::shared_ptr<Component> com){std::cout << "not support!\n";}std::shared_ptr<Component> getChild(int num){std::cout << "not support!\n";return nullptr;} private:std::string name; };// 葉子構(gòu)件：行政辦公室 // 雖然沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)add()、remove()、getChild()，但其基類Office已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)了這部分 ——> // 所以派生類AdminOffice雖然只實(shí)現(xiàn)了operation(), 但其仍然可以實(shí)例化！ class AdminOffice : public Office{ public:AdminOffice(){}AdminOffice(std::string iName){name = iName;} void operation(){std::cout << "-----Administration Office: " << name << "\n";}private:std::string name; };// 葉子構(gòu)件：教務(wù)辦公室 // 可以實(shí)例化，原因同AdminOffice class DeanOffice : public Office{ public:DeanOffice(){}DeanOffice(std::string iName){name = iName;}void operation(){std::cout << "-----Dean Office: " << name << "\n";}private:std::string name; };// 容器構(gòu)件SubComponent // 實(shí)現(xiàn)了Component的所有純虛函數(shù)，所以SubComponent可以實(shí)例化！ class SubComponent : public Component{ public:SubComponent(){}SubComponent(std::string iName){name = iName;}void add(std::shared_ptr<Component> com){componentList.push_back(com);} void remove(std::shared_ptr<Component> com){for(int i = 0; i < componentList.size(); i++){// 遍歷查找if(componentList[i]->getName() == com->getName()){componentList.erase(componentList.begin() + 1);break;}}}std::shared_ptr<Component> getChild(int num){return componentList[num];}void operation(){std::cout << name << "\n";for(int i = 0; i < componentList.size(); i++){componentList[i]->operation();}}private:std::string name;// 構(gòu)件列表std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Component> > componentList; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "CompositePattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<SubComponent> head = std::make_shared<SubComponent>("總部");std::shared_ptr<SubComponent> sichuanBranch = std::make_shared<SubComponent>("四川分部"); std::shared_ptr<AdminOffice> office1 = std::make_shared<AdminOffice>("行政辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<DeanOffice> office2 = std::make_shared<DeanOffice>("教務(wù)辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<SubComponent> cdBranch = std::make_shared<SubComponent>("成都分部");std::shared_ptr<SubComponent> myBranch = std::make_shared<SubComponent>("綿陽(yáng)分部"); std::shared_ptr<AdminOffice> office3 = std::make_shared<AdminOffice>("行政辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<DeanOffice> office4 = std::make_shared<DeanOffice>("教務(wù)辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<AdminOffice> office5 = std::make_shared<AdminOffice>("行政辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<DeanOffice> office6 = std::make_shared<DeanOffice>("教務(wù)辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<AdminOffice> office7 = std::make_shared<AdminOffice>("行政辦公室"); std::shared_ptr<DeanOffice> office8 = std::make_shared<DeanOffice>("教務(wù)辦公室"); cdBranch->add(office5);cdBranch->add(office6);myBranch->add(office7);myBranch->add(office8);sichuanBranch->add(office3);sichuanBranch->add(office4);sichuanBranch->add(cdBranch);sichuanBranch->add(myBranch);head->add(office1);head->add(office2); head->add(sichuanBranch); head->operation();return 0; }⑩? 裝飾模式
DecoratorPattern.h
#ifndef __DECORATOR_PATTERN_H__ #define __DECORATOR_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream>// 抽象構(gòu)件 class Component{ public:virtual void operation() = 0; };// 具體構(gòu)件 class Phone : public Component{ public:void operation(){std::cout << "手機(jī)\n";} };class Decorator : public Component{ public:void operation(){component->operation();}void setComponent(std::shared_ptr<Component> iComponent){ component = iComponent;}std::shared_ptr<Component> getComponent(){return component;}private:std::shared_ptr<Component> component; };// 具體裝飾類：手機(jī)殼 class DecoratorShell : public Decorator{ public:void operation(){ getComponent()->operation();std::cout << "安裝手機(jī)殼\n";} };// 具體裝飾類：手機(jī)貼紙 class DecoratorSticker : public Decorator{ public:void operation(){ getComponent()->operation();std::cout << "貼卡通貼紙?\n";} };// 具體裝飾類：掛繩 class DecoratorRope : public Decorator{ public:void operation(){ getComponent()->operation();std::cout << "系手機(jī)掛繩\n";} };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "DecoratorPattern.h"int main(){std::cout << "Jungle's first phone\n";std::shared_ptr<Phone> p = std::make_shared<Phone>(); std::shared_ptr<DecoratorShell> ds = std::make_shared<DecoratorShell>(); ds->setComponent(p);ds->operation();std::cout << "\nJungle's second phone\n";std::shared_ptr<DecoratorSticker> dst = std::make_shared<DecoratorSticker>(); dst->setComponent(ds);dst->operation();std::cout << "\nJungle's third phone\n";std::shared_ptr<DecoratorRope> dr = std::make_shared<DecoratorRope>(); dr->setComponent(dst);dr->operation();return 0; }（二）
① 外觀模式
FacadePattern.h
/** @Author: error: error: git config user.name & please set dead value or install git && error: git config user.email & please set dead value or install git & please set dead value or install git* @Date: 2021-08-19 11:19:57* @LastEditors: error: error: git config user.name & please set dead value or install git && error: git config user.email & please set dead value or install git & please set dead value or install git* @LastEditTime: 2023-03-13 10:29:14* @FilePath: /cpp_test/FacadePattern.h* @Description: 這是默認(rèn)設(shè)置,請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置`customMade`, 打開(kāi)koroFileHeader查看配置 進(jìn)行設(shè)置: https://github.com/OBKoro1/koro1FileHeader/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE#*/ #ifndef __FACADE_PATTERN_H__ #define __FACADE_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream>class Memory{ public:void selfCheck(){std::cout << "memory selfchecking......\n";} };class Cpu{ public:void run(){std::cout << "running cpu......\n";} };class HardDisk{ public:void read(){std::cout << "reading hardDisk......\n";} };class Os{ public:void load(){std::cout << "loading os.....\n"; } };class Facade{ public:void powerOn(){std::cout << "power on……\n"; memory->selfCheck();cpu->run();hardDisk->read();os->load(); std::cout << "ready!\n"; }private:std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory;std::shared_ptr<Cpu> cpu;std::shared_ptr<HardDisk> hardDisk;std::shared_ptr<Os> os; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "FacadePattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<Facade> f = std::make_shared<Facade>();f->powerOn();return 0; }② 享元模式
FlyweightPattern.h
/** @Author: error: error: git config user.name & please set dead value or install git && error: git config user.email & please set dead value or install git & please set dead value or install git* @Date: 2021-08-19 11:19:57* @LastEditors: error: error: git config user.name & please set dead value or install git && error: git config user.email & please set dead value or install git & please set dead value or install git* @LastEditTime: 2023-03-13 11:23:46* @FilePath: /cpp_test/FlyweightPattern.h* @Description: 這是默認(rèn)設(shè)置,請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置`customMade`, 打開(kāi)koroFileHeader查看配置 進(jìn)行設(shè)置: https://github.com/OBKoro1/koro1FileHeader/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE*/ #ifndef __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__ #define __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <mutex>std::mutex m_mutex;// 抽象享元類 class NetDevice{ public:virtual std::string getName() = 0;void print(int portNum){std::cout << "NetDevice: " << getName() << ", port: " << portNum << "\n";} };// 具體享元類:集線器 class Hub : public NetDevice{ public:std::string getName(){return "集線器";} };// 具體享元類:交換機(jī) class Switch : public NetDevice{ public:std::string getName(){return "交換機(jī)";} };// 享元工廠類 class NetDeviceFactory{ public:NetDeviceFactory(){std::shared_ptr<Hub> hub = std::make_shared<Hub>(); std::shared_ptr<Switch> switcher = std::make_shared<Switch>(); devicePool.push_back(hub);devicePool.push_back(switcher);}std::shared_ptr<NetDevice> getNetDevice(char c){ if(c == 'S'){return devicePool[1];}else if (c == 'H'){return devicePool[0];}else{std::cout << "wrong input!\n";} return nullptr; }// 單例模式：返回享元工廠類的唯一實(shí)例static std::shared_ptr<NetDeviceFactory> getFactory(){if(instance == nullptr){m_mutex.lock();if(instance == nullptr){instance = std::make_shared<NetDeviceFactory>();}m_mutex.unlock();}return instance;}private:static std::shared_ptr<NetDeviceFactory> instance;// 共享池std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NetDevice> > devicePool; };std::shared_ptr<NetDeviceFactory> NetDeviceFactory::instance = nullptr;#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "FlyweightPattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<NetDeviceFactory> netDeviceFactory = NetDeviceFactory::getFactory();// 客戶端1獲取一個(gè)hubstd::shared_ptr<NetDevice> netDevice1 = netDeviceFactory->getNetDevice('H');netDevice1->print(1);// 客戶端2獲取一個(gè)hubstd::shared_ptr<NetDevice> netDevice2 = netDeviceFactory->getNetDevice('H');netDevice2->print(2);std::cout << "判斷兩個(gè)hub是否是同一個(gè):\n";std::cout << "netDevice1: " << netDevice1 << ", netDevice2: " << netDevice2 << "\n\n\n";// 客戶端3獲取一個(gè)switchstd::shared_ptr<NetDevice> netDevice3 = netDeviceFactory->getNetDevice('S');netDevice3->print(1);// 客戶端4獲取一個(gè)switchstd::shared_ptr<NetDevice> netDevice4 = netDeviceFactory->getNetDevice('S');netDevice4->print(2);std::cout << "判斷兩個(gè)switch是否是同一個(gè):\n";std::cout << "netDevice3: " << netDevice3 << ", netDevice4: " << netDevice4 << "\n";return 0; }③ 代理模式
報(bào)錯(cuò)如下：
ProxyPattern.h
#ifndef __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__ #define __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include "time.h"// 抽象主題角色 class Subject{ public:virtual void method() = 0; };// 真實(shí)主題角色 class RealSubject : public Subject{ public:void method(){std::cout << "調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)方法\n"; } };// Log類 class Log{ public:void getLog(){std::cout << "調(diào)用日志\n";} };// 代理類 class Proxy : public Subject{ public:void method(){log->getLog();realSubject->method();std::cout << "方法method()調(diào)用成功!\n";}private:std::shared_ptr<RealSubject> realSubject;std::shared_ptr<Log> log; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "ProxyPattern.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<Proxy> p = std::make_shared<Proxy>();p->method();return 0; }修改如下：
ProxyPattern.h
#ifndef __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__ #define __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include "time.h"// 抽象主題角色 class Subject{ public:virtual void method() = 0; };// 真實(shí)主題角色 class RealSubject : public Subject{ public:void method(){std::cout << "調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)方法\n"; } };// Log類 class Log{ public:void getLog(){std::cout << "調(diào)用日志\n";} };// 代理類 class Proxy : public Subject{ public:Proxy(){realSubject = std::make_shared<RealSubject>();log = std::make_shared<Log>();}void method(){log->getLog();realSubject->method();std::cout << "方法method()調(diào)用成功!\n";}private:std::shared_ptr<RealSubject> realSubject;std::shared_ptr<Log> log; };#endif也可修改如下：
ProxyPattern.h
#ifndef __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__ #define __FLYPATTERN_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include "time.h"// 抽象主題角色 class Subject{ public:virtual void method() = 0; };// 真實(shí)主題角色 class RealSubject : public Subject{ public:void method(){std::cout << "調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)方法\n"; } };// Log類 class Log{ public:void getLog(){std::cout << "調(diào)用日志\n";} };// 代理類 class Proxy : public Subject{ public:void method(){realSubject = std::make_shared<RealSubject>();log = std::make_shared<Log>();log->getLog(); realSubject->method();std::cout << "方法method()調(diào)用成功!\n";}private:std::shared_ptr<RealSubject> realSubject;std::shared_ptr<Log> log; };#endif④? 職責(zé)鏈模式
ChainOfResponsibility.h
#ifndef __CHAIN_OF_RESPONSIBILITY_PATTERN_H__ #define __CHAIN_OF_RESPONSIBILITY_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream>// 請(qǐng)求：票據(jù) class Bill{ public:Bill(){}Bill(int iId, std::string iName, double iAccount){id = iId;name = iName;account = iAccount;}void print(){std::cout << "id: " << id << "\n";std::cout << "name: " << name << "\n";std::cout << "account: " << account << "\n\n";}double getAccount(){return account;}private:int id;std::string name;double account; };// 抽象處理者 class Approver{ public:// 添加上級(jí)void setSuperior(std::shared_ptr<Approver> iApprover){superior = iApprover;}// 處理請(qǐng)求virtual void handleRequest(std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill) = 0;std::shared_ptr<Approver> getSuperior(){return superior;}std::string getName(){return name;}void setName(std::string iName){name = iName;}private:std::shared_ptr<Approver> superior;std::string name; };// 具體處理者：組長(zhǎng) class GroupLeader : public Approver{ public:GroupLeader(){}GroupLeader(std::string iName){setName(iName);}void handleRequest(std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill){if(bill->getAccount() < 10){std::cout << "組長(zhǎng): " << getName() << "處理了該票據(jù)，票據(jù)信息:\n";bill->print();}else{std::cout << "組長(zhǎng)無(wú)權(quán)處理，轉(zhuǎn)交上級(jí)……\n";getSuperior()->handleRequest(bill);}} };// 具體處理者：主管 class Head : public Approver{ public:Head(){}Head(std::string iName){setName(iName);}void handleRequest(std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill){if(bill->getAccount() >= 10 && bill->getAccount() < 30){std::cout << "主管: " << getName() << "處理了該票據(jù)，票據(jù)信息:\n";bill->print();}else{std::cout << "主管無(wú)權(quán)處理，轉(zhuǎn)交上級(jí)……\n";getSuperior()->handleRequest(bill);}} };// 具體處理者：經(jīng)理 class Manager : public Approver{ public:Manager(){}Manager(std::string iName){setName(iName);}void handleRequest(std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill){if(bill->getAccount() >= 30 && bill->getAccount() < 60){std::cout << "經(jīng)理: " << getName() << "處理了該票據(jù)，票據(jù)信息:\n";bill->print();}else{std::cout << "經(jīng)理無(wú)權(quán)處理，轉(zhuǎn)交上級(jí)……\n";getSuperior()->handleRequest(bill);}} };// 具體處理者：老板 class Boss : public Approver{ public:Boss(){}Boss(std::string iName){setName(iName);}void handleRequest(std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill){std::cout << "老板: " << getName() << "處理了該票據(jù)，票據(jù)信息:\n";bill->print();} };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "ChainOfResponsibility.h"int main(){std::shared_ptr<GroupLeader> groupLeader = std::make_shared<GroupLeader>("孫組長(zhǎng)");std::shared_ptr<Head> head = std::make_shared<Head>("兵主管");std::shared_ptr<Manager> manager = std::make_shared<Manager>("春經(jīng)理");std::shared_ptr<Boss> boss = std::make_shared<Boss>("孫老板");// 添加上級(jí)groupLeader->setSuperior(head);head->setSuperior(manager);manager->setSuperior(boss);// 創(chuàng)建報(bào)銷單std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill1 = std::make_shared<Bill>(1, "Jungle", 8);std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill2 = std::make_shared<Bill>(2, "Lucy", 14.4);std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill3 = std::make_shared<Bill>(3, "Jack", 32.9);std::shared_ptr<Bill> bill4 = std::make_shared<Bill>(4, "Tom", 89);// 全部先交給組長(zhǎng)審批groupLeader->handleRequest(bill1);groupLeader->handleRequest(bill2);groupLeader->handleRequest(bill3);groupLeader->handleRequest(bill4);return 0; }⑤? 命令模式
CommandPattern.h
#ifndef __COMMAND_PATTERN_H__ #define __COMMAND_PATTERN_H__#include <iostream> #include <vector>// 命令隊(duì)列類 #define COMMAND_QUEUE// 抽象命令類 class Command{ public:virtual void execute() = 0; };// 接收者：電燈類 class Lamp{ public:void on(){lampState = true;std::cout << "Lamp is on\n";}void off(){lampState = false;std::cout << "Lamp is off\n";}bool getLampState(){return lampState;}private:bool lampState; };// 接收者：風(fēng)扇類 class Fan{ public:void on(){fanState = true;std::cout << "Fan is on\n";}void off(){fanState = false;std::cout << "Fan is off\n";}bool getFanState(){return fanState;}private:bool fanState; };// 具體命令類 LampCommand class LampCommand : public Command{ public:LampCommand(){lamp = std::make_shared<Lamp>();}void execute(){if(lamp->getLampState()){lamp->off();}else{lamp->on();}}private:std::shared_ptr<Lamp> lamp; };// 具體命令類 FanCommand class FanCommand : public Command{ public:FanCommand(){fan = std::make_shared<Fan>();}void execute(){if(fan->getFanState()){fan->off();}else{fan->on();}}private:std::shared_ptr<Fan> fan; };// 調(diào)用者 Button class Button{ public: void setCommand(std::shared_ptr<Command> iCom){command = iCom;}void touch(){std::cout << "觸摸開(kāi)關(guān):\n";command->execute();}private:std::shared_ptr<Command> command; };#ifdef COMMAND_QUEUE// 命令隊(duì)列類 class CommandQueue{ public:void addCommand(std::shared_ptr<Command> com){commandQueue.push_back(com);}void execute(){for(int i = 0; i < commandQueue.size(); i++){commandQueue[i]->execute();}}private:std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Command> > commandQueue; };// 調(diào)用者 Button2 class Button2{ public:void setCommandQueue(std::shared_ptr<CommandQueue> iCommandQueue){commandQueue = iCommandQueue;}void touch(){std::cout << "觸摸開(kāi)關(guān):\n";commandQueue->execute();}private:std::shared_ptr<CommandQueue> commandQueue; };#endif#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "CommandPattern.h"int main(){// 按鈕std::shared_ptr<Button> bt = std::make_shared<Button>();// 按鈕控制電燈std::shared_ptr<LampCommand> lc = std::make_shared<LampCommand>();bt->setCommand(lc);bt->touch();bt->touch();bt->touch();bt->touch();std::cout << "\n\n";std::shared_ptr<FanCommand> fc = std::make_shared<FanCommand>();bt->setCommand(fc);bt->touch();bt->touch();bt->touch();bt->touch();std::cout << "-------------------------\n";#ifdef COMMAND_QUEUEstd::shared_ptr<Button2> bt2 = std::make_shared<Button2>(); std::shared_ptr<CommandQueue> cq = std::make_shared<CommandQueue>(); cq->addCommand(lc);cq->addCommand(fc);bt2->setCommandQueue(cq);bt2->touch();#endifreturn 0; }⑥ 備忘錄模式
Memento.h
#ifndef __MEMENTO_H__ #define __MEMENTO_H__#include <iostream>class Memento{ public:Memento(){}Memento(int iVersion, std::string iDate, std::string iLabel){version = iVersion;date = iDate;label = iLabel;}int getVersion(){return version;}std::string getDate(){return date;}std::string getLabel(){return label;}private:int version;std::string date;std::string label; };#endifOriginator.h
#ifndef __CODEVERSION_H__ #define __CODEVERSION_H__#include <iostream> #include "Memento.h"class CodeVersion{ public:CodeVersion(){version = 0;date = "1900-01-01";label = "none";}CodeVersion(int iVersion, std::string iDate, std::string iLabel){version = iVersion;date = iDate;label = iLabel;}std::shared_ptr<Memento> save(){return std::make_shared<Memento>(version, date, label);}std::shared_ptr<Memento> commit(){return std::make_shared<Memento>(version, date, label);}void restore(std::shared_ptr<Memento> mem){version = mem->getVersion();date = mem->getDate();label = mem->getLabel();}private:int version;std::string date;std::string label; };#endifCodeManager.h?
#ifndef __CODEMANAGER_H__ #define __CODEMANAGER_H__#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include "Memento.h"class CodeManager{ public:void commit(std::shared_ptr<Memento> mem){std::cout << "version: " << mem->getVersion() << ", date: " << mem->getDate() << ", label: " << mem->getLabel() << "\n";mementoList.push_back(mem);}std::shared_ptr<Memento> switchToPointedVersion(int index){mementoList.erase(mementoList.begin() + mementoList.size() - index, mementoList.end());return mementoList[mementoList.size() - 1];}void codeLog(){for (int i = 0; i < mementoList.size(); i++){std::cout << "version: " << mementoList[i]->getVersion() << ", date: " << mementoList[i]->getDate() << ", label: " << mementoList[i]->getLabel() << "\n";}}private:std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Memento> > mementoList; };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "Originator.h" #include "CodeManager.h"int main(){ std::shared_ptr<CodeManager> Jungle = std::make_shared<CodeManager>(); std::shared_ptr<CodeVersion> codeVer = std::make_shared<CodeVersion>(1001, "2019-11-03", "Initial version"); std::cout << "提交初始版本:\n";Jungle->commit(codeVer->save()); std::cout << "\n提交一個(gè)版本，增加了日志功能:\n";codeVer = std::make_shared<CodeVersion>(1002, "2019-11-04", "Add log funciton"); Jungle->commit(codeVer->save()); std::cout << "\n提交一個(gè)版本，增加了Qt圖片瀏覽器:\n";codeVer = std::make_shared<CodeVersion>(1003, "2019-11-05", "Add Qt Image Browser"); Jungle->commit(codeVer->save()); std::cout << "\n查看提交歷史\n";Jungle->codeLog();std::cout << "\n回退到上一個(gè)版本\n";codeVer->restore(Jungle->switchToPointedVersion(1));std::cout << "\n查看提交歷史\n";Jungle->codeLog();return 0; }⑦ 策略模式
Strategy.h
#ifndef __STRATEGY_H__ #define __STRATEGY_H__#include <iostream>// 抽象策略類 class Strategy{ public:virtual void sort(int arr[], int N) = 0; };// 具體策略：冒泡排序 class BubbleSort : public Strategy{ public:BubbleSort(){std::cout << "冒泡排序\n";}void sort(int arr[], int N){for (int i = 0; i<N; i++){for (int j = 0; j<N - i - 1; j++){if (arr[j]>arr[j + 1]){int tmp = arr[j];arr[j] = arr[j + 1];arr[j + 1] = tmp;}}}} };// 具體策略：選擇排序 class SelectionSort : public Strategy{ public:SelectionSort(){std::cout << "選擇排序\n";}void sort(int arr[], int N){int i, j, k;for (i = 0; i<N; i++){k = i;for (j = i + 1; j<N; j++){if (arr[j] < arr[k]){k = j;}}int temp = arr[i];arr[i] = arr[k];arr[k] = temp;}} };// 具體策略：插入排序 class InsertSort :public Strategy { public:InsertSort(){printf("插入排序\n");}void sort(int arr[], int N){int i, j;for (i = 1; i<N; i++){for (j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--){if (arr[i]>arr[j]){break;}}int temp = arr[i];for (int k = i - 1; k > j; k--){arr[k + 1] = arr[k];}arr[j + 1] = temp;}} };#endifContext.h
#include <iostream> #include "Context.h"int main(){ std::shared_ptr<Context> ctx = std::make_shared<Context>(); int arr[] = { 10, 23, -1, 0, 300, 87, 28, 77, -32, 2 };ctx->setInput(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int));std::cout << "input: ";ctx->print();std::shared_ptr<BubbleSort> bubbleSort = std::make_shared<BubbleSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(bubbleSort);ctx->sort();std::shared_ptr<SelectionSort> selectionSort = std::make_shared<SelectionSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(selectionSort);ctx->sort();std::shared_ptr<InsertSort> insertSort = std::make_shared<InsertSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(insertSort);ctx->sort();return 0; }main.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "Context.h"int main(){ std::shared_ptr<Context> ctx = std::make_shared<Context>(); int arr[] = { 10, 23, -1, 0, 300, 87, 28, 77, -32, 2 };ctx->setInput(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int));std::cout << "input: ";ctx->print();std::shared_ptr<BubbleSort> bubbleSort = std::make_shared<BubbleSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(bubbleSort);ctx->sort();std::shared_ptr<SelectionSort> selectionSort = std::make_shared<SelectionSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(selectionSort);ctx->sort();std::shared_ptr<InsertSort> insertSort = std::make_shared<InsertSort>();ctx->setSortStrategy(insertSort);ctx->sort();return 0; }⑧ 模版方法模式
FingerprintModule.h
#ifndef __FINGERPRINTMODULE_H__ #define __FINGERPRINTMODULE_H__#include <iostream>// 基類 class FingerprintModule{ public:void getImage(){std::cout << "采指紋圖像\n";}void output(){std::cout << "指紋圖像處理完成!\n"; }virtual bool isSafeMode() = 0;virtual void processImage() = 0;// 加解密virtual void encrypt() = 0;virtual void decrypt() = 0;// 模板方法void algorithm(){// 1.采圖getImage();// 2.安全模式下加密和解密if (isSafeMode()){// 2.1. 加密encrypt();// 2.2. 解密decrypt();}// 3.處理ImageprocessImage();// 4.處理結(jié)果output();} };// 派生類A class FingerprintModuleA : public FingerprintModule{ public:bool isSafeMode(){std::cout << "安全模式\n"; return true;}void processImage(){std::cout << "使用 第一代版本算法 處理指紋圖像\n"; }void encrypt(){std::cout << "使用RSA密鑰加密\n"; }void decrypt(){std::cout << "使用RSA密鑰解密\n"; } };// 派生類B class FingerprintModuleB : public FingerprintModule{ public:bool isSafeMode(){std::cout << "非安全模式\n"; return false;}void processImage(){std::cout << "使用 第二代版本算法 處理指紋圖像\n"; }void encrypt(){}void decrypt(){} };// 派生類C class FingerprintModuleC : public FingerprintModule{ public:bool isSafeMode(){std::cout << "安全模式\n"; return true;}void processImage(){std::cout << "使用 第一代版本算法 處理指紋圖像\n"; }void encrypt(){std::cout << "使用DH密鑰加密\n"; }void decrypt(){std::cout << "使用DH密鑰解密\n"; } };#endifmain.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "FingerprintModule.h"int main(){ std::shared_ptr<FingerprintModuleA> fa = std::make_shared<FingerprintModuleA>();fa->algorithm();std::cout << "\n";std::shared_ptr<FingerprintModuleB> fb = std::make_shared<FingerprintModuleB>();fb->algorithm();std::cout << "\n";std::shared_ptr<FingerprintModuleC> fc = std::make_shared<FingerprintModuleC>();fc->algorithm();return 0; }2.cmake相關(guān)
cmake教程_乒乒乓乓丫的博客-CSDN博客
例1? 開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目GitHub - qicosmos/rest_rpc: modern C++(C++11), simple, easy to use rpc framework
若直接運(yùn)行server目錄下的main.cpp會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)如下：'rest_rpc.hpp' file not found
原因是各頭文件的路徑是按CMakeLists.txt的include_directories() 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的：
所以，通過(guò)cmake的方式來(lái)組織文件關(guān)系，?上面的那個(gè)server目錄下的main.cpp里的#include <rest_rpc.hpp> 就相當(dāng)于 #include <../../include/rest_rpc.hpp>。
同理其他的如：
通過(guò)cmake執(zhí)行如下：
3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程
從零開(kāi)始的C++網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程 - 知乎
【閱讀】《Linux高性能服務(wù)器編程》——第五章：Linux網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程基礎(chǔ)API - 知乎
【C++】Web服務(wù)器項(xiàng)目所用到的函數(shù)詳解_c++ iovec_半路殺出來(lái)的小黑同學(xué)的博客-CSDN博客
TinyWebServer——從0到服務(wù)器開(kāi)發(fā)！ - 知乎
①?基于socket網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程的客戶端和服務(wù)端舉例
server.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> // socket, bind #include <sys/errno.h> // errno #include <netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in #include <cstring> // bzero #include <signal.h> // signal #include <unistd.h> // close#define BUFFSIZE 2048 #define DEFAULT_PORT 16555 #define MAXLINK 2048int sockfd, connfd; // 定義服務(wù)端套接字和客戶端套接字void stopServerRunning(int){ close(sockfd); std::cout << "Close Server\n";exit(0); }int main(){sockaddr_in servaddr; // 結(jié)構(gòu)體char buff[BUFFSIZE]; // 用于收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)// 在Server端和Client端都有一個(gè)socket,通過(guò)將socket當(dāng)作文件,可以寫入也可讀取sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if(sockfd == -1){std::cout << "Create socket error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}// void bzero(void* s, int n);//s為內(nèi)存（字符串）指針，n為需要清零的字節(jié)數(shù)。bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));// sin_family指代協(xié)議族，在socket編程中只能是AF_INETservaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // sin_addr存儲(chǔ)IP地址，使用in_addr這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)(in_addr.s_addr就是32位IP地址)，按照網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)順序存儲(chǔ)IP地址// htonl（Host to Network Long）把本機(jī)字節(jié)順序轉(zhuǎn)化為網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)順序，htons（Host to Network Short）// INADDR_ANY轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)來(lái)就是0.0.0.0，泛指本機(jī)的意思，也就是表示本機(jī)的所有IPservaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);servaddr.sin_port = htons(DEFAULT_PORT); // bind用來(lái)給socket綁定地址信息 // 通常服務(wù)器在啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)綁定一個(gè)總所周知的地址(ip地址+端口號(hào))，客戶端不用指定系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)分配，// 所以通常服務(wù)端在listen之前要調(diào)用bind()，而客戶端不會(huì)調(diào)用，在connect()時(shí)由系統(tǒng)隨機(jī)生成一個(gè)。if(bind(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == -1){std::cout << "Bind error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}if(listen(sockfd, MAXLINK) == -1){std::cout << "Listen error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}std::cout << "Listening...\n";while (true){// 這句用于在輸入Ctrl+C的時(shí)候關(guān)閉服務(wù)器signal(SIGINT, stopServerRunning); connfd = accept(sockfd, nullptr, nullptr); if(connfd == -1){std::cout << "Accept error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}bzero(buff, BUFFSIZE);recv(connfd, buff, BUFFSIZE - 1, 0);std::cout << "Recv: " << buff << "\n";send(connfd, buff, strlen(buff), 0);close(connfd);} return 0; }client.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in #include <arpa/inet.h> // inet_pton #include <unistd.h> // close#define BUFFSIZE 2048 #define SERVER_IP "0.0.0.0" // 指定服務(wù)端的IP，記得修改為你的服務(wù)端所在的ip #define SERVER_PORT 16555 // 指定服務(wù)端的portint main(){sockaddr_in servaddr;char buff[BUFFSIZE];int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if(sockfd == -1){std::cout << "Create socket error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IP地址轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù): 將點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制的ip地址轉(zhuǎn)化為用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸?shù)臄?shù)值格式inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &servaddr.sin_addr);servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); if(connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))){std::cout << "Connect socket error: " << errno << ", :" << strerror(errno) << "\n";return -1;}std::cout << "Please input: \n";scanf("%s", buff);send(sockfd, buff, strlen(buff), 0);bzero(buff, sizeof(buff));recv(sockfd, buff, BUFFSIZE - 1, 0);std::cout << "Recv: " << buff << "\n";close(sockfd);return 0; }其中解決地址已占用問(wèn)題：
?
通信效果如下：
②?30天自制C++服務(wù)器學(xué)習(xí)
GitHub - yuesong-feng/30dayMakeCppServer: 30天自制C++服務(wù)器，包含教程和源代碼
（1）從一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的socket開(kāi)始?
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h>int main() {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);bind(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));listen(sockfd, SOMAXCONN);struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;socklen_t clnt_addr_len = sizeof(clnt_addr);bzero(&clnt_addr, sizeof(clnt_addr));int clnt_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_len);printf("new client fd %d! IP: %s Port: %d\n", clnt_sockfd, inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port));return 0; }client.cpp
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h>int main() {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);//bind(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); 客戶端不進(jìn)行bind操作connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); return 0; }至此，day01的教程已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，進(jìn)入code/day01文件夾，使用make命令編譯，將會(huì)得到server和client。輸入命令./server開(kāi)始運(yùn)行，直到accept函數(shù)，程序阻塞、等待客戶端連接。然后在一個(gè)新終端輸入命令./client運(yùn)行客戶端，可以看到服務(wù)器接收到了客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求，并成功連接。
new client fd 3! IP: 127.0.0.1 Port: 53505但如果我們先運(yùn)行客戶端、后運(yùn)行服務(wù)器，在客戶端一側(cè)無(wú)任何區(qū)別，卻并沒(méi)有連接服務(wù)器成功，因?yàn)槲覀僤ay01的程序沒(méi)有任何的錯(cuò)誤處理。
事實(shí)上對(duì)于如socket,bind,listen,accept,connect等函數(shù)，通過(guò)返回值以及errno可以確定程序運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)、是否發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。在day02的教程中，我們會(huì)進(jìn)一步完善整個(gè)服務(wù)器，處理所有可能的錯(cuò)誤，并實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)echo服務(wù)器（客戶端發(fā)送給服務(wù)器一個(gè)字符串，服務(wù)器收到后返回相同的內(nèi)容）。
（2）不要放過(guò)任何一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤
util.h
#ifndef UTIL_H #define UTIL_Hvoid errif(bool, const char*);#endifutil.cpp
#include "util.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>void errif(bool condition, const char *errmsg){if(condition){perror(errmsg);exit(EXIT_FAILURE);} }server.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "util.h"int main() {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(sockfd == -1, "socket create error");struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);errif(bind(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1, "socket bind error");errif(listen(sockfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1, "socket listen error");struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;socklen_t clnt_addr_len = sizeof(clnt_addr);bzero(&clnt_addr, sizeof(clnt_addr));int clnt_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_len);errif(clnt_sockfd == -1, "socket accept error");printf("new client fd %d! IP: %s Port: %d\n", clnt_sockfd, inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port));while (true) {char buf[1024];bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t read_bytes = read(clnt_sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(read_bytes > 0){printf("message from client fd %d: %s\n", clnt_sockfd, buf);write(clnt_sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));} else if(read_bytes == 0){printf("client fd %d disconnected\n", clnt_sockfd);close(clnt_sockfd);break;} else if(read_bytes == -1){close(clnt_sockfd);errif(true, "socket read error");}}close(sockfd);return 0; }client.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "util.h"int main() {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(sockfd == -1, "socket create error");struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);errif(connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1, "socket connect error");while(true){char buf[1024];bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));scanf("%s", buf);ssize_t write_bytes = write(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(write_bytes == -1){printf("socket already disconnected, can't write any more!\n");break;}bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t read_bytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(read_bytes > 0){printf("message from server: %s\n", buf);}else if(read_bytes == 0){printf("server socket disconnected!\n");break;}else if(read_bytes == -1){close(sockfd);errif(true, "socket read error");}}close(sockfd);return 0; }至此，我們已經(jīng)完整地開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)echo服務(wù)器，并且有最基本的錯(cuò)誤處理！
但現(xiàn)在，我們的服務(wù)器只能處理一個(gè)客戶端，我們可以試試兩個(gè)客戶端同時(shí)連接服務(wù)器，看程序?qū)?huì)如何運(yùn)行。在day03的教程里，我們將會(huì)講解Linux系統(tǒng)高并發(fā)的基石--epoll，并編程實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)可以支持無(wú)數(shù)客戶端同時(shí)連接的echo服務(wù)器！
（3）高并發(fā)還得用epoll?
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/epoll.h> #include <errno.h> #include "util.h"#define MAX_EVENTS 1024 #define READ_BUFFER 1024// 設(shè)置非阻塞 void setnonblocking(int fd){// 設(shè)置文件的flags: fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,flags); fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK); }int main(){int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(sockfd == -1, "socket create error");struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);errif(bind(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1, "socket bind error");errif(listen(sockfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1, "socket listen error");// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)epoll文件描述符并返回，失敗則返回-1int epfd = epoll_create1(0);errif(epfd == -1, "epoll create error");struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS], ev;bzero(&events, sizeof(events));bzero(&ev, sizeof(ev));ev.data.fd = sockfd; // 該IO口為服務(wù)器socket fd（文件描述符）// EPOLLIN：LT模式，EPOLLET：ET模式ev.events = EPOLLIN; // 服務(wù)端最好不要用ET模式setnonblocking(sockfd);// 將服務(wù)器socket fd添加到epollepoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev);while (1){// epoll_wait獲取有事件發(fā)生的fd // 最大等待時(shí)間，設(shè)置為-1表示一直等待 int nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1); // 有nfds個(gè)fd發(fā)生事件errif(nfds == -1, "epoll wait error");for(int i = 0; i < nfds; ++i){if(events[i].data.fd == sockfd){ // 發(fā)生事件的fd是服務(wù)器socket fd，表示有新客戶端連接struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;bzero(&clnt_addr, sizeof(clnt_addr));socklen_t clnt_addr_len = sizeof(clnt_addr);int clnt_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_len);errif(clnt_sockfd == -1, "socket accept error");printf("new client fd %d! IP: %s Port: %d\n", clnt_sockfd, inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port));bzero(&ev, sizeof(ev));ev.data.fd = clnt_sockfd;ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; // 對(duì)于客戶端連接，使用ET模式，可以讓epoll更加高效，支持更多并發(fā)setnonblocking(clnt_sockfd); // ET需要搭配非阻塞式socket使用epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, clnt_sockfd, &ev);}else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN){ // 發(fā)生事件的是客戶端，并且是可讀事件（EPOLLIN）char buf[READ_BUFFER];while(true){ //由于使用非阻塞IO，讀取客戶端buffer，一次讀取buf大小數(shù)據(jù)，直到全部讀取完畢bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t bytes_read = read(events[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(bytes_read > 0){// 保存讀取到的bytes_read大小的數(shù)據(jù)printf("message from client fd %d: %s\n", events[i].data.fd, buf);write(events[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof(buf));}else if(bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR){ // 客戶端正常中斷、繼續(xù)讀取printf("continue reading");continue;}else if(bytes_read == -1 && ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK))){ // 非阻塞IO，這個(gè)條件表示數(shù)據(jù)全部讀取完畢printf("finish reading once, errno: %d\n", errno);break;}else if(bytes_read == 0){ // EOF，客戶端斷開(kāi)連接printf("EOF, client fd %d disconnected\n", events[i].data.fd);close(events[i].data.fd); // 關(guān)閉socket會(huì)自動(dòng)將文件描述符從epoll樹(shù)上移除break;}}}else{ //其他事件，之后的版本實(shí)現(xiàn)printf("something else happened\n");} }}close(sockfd);return 0; }client.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "util.h"#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 int main(){int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(sockfd == -1, "socket create error");struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);errif(connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1, "socket connect error");while (1){char buf[BUFFER_SIZE]; //在這個(gè)版本，buf大小必須大于或等于服務(wù)器端buf大小，不然會(huì)出錯(cuò)，想想為什么？bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));scanf("%s", buf);ssize_t write_bytes = write(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(write_bytes == -1){printf("socket already disconnected, can't write any more!\n");break;}bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t read_bytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(read_bytes > 0){printf("message from server: %s\n", buf);}else if(read_bytes == 0){printf("server socket disconnected!\n");break;}else if(read_bytes == -1){close(sockfd);errif(true, "socket read error");}} close(sockfd);return 0; }（4）來(lái)看看我們的第一個(gè)類
InetAddress.h
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <arpa/inet.h>class InetAddress{ public:InetAddress();InetAddress(std::string ip, uint16_t port);struct sockaddr_in getAddr(){return addr;}socklen_t getAddrLen(){return addr_len;}private:struct sockaddr_in addr;socklen_t addr_len; };?InetAddress.cpp
#include <iostream> #include<string.h>#include "InetAddress.h"InetAddress::InetAddress() : addr_len(sizeof(addr)){bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr)); }InetAddress::InetAddress(std::string ip, uint16_t port) : addr_len(sizeof(addr)){bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr));addr.sin_family = AF_INET;addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());addr.sin_port = htons(port); }Socket.h
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <tr1/memory>#include "InetAddress.h"class Socket{ public:Socket(); Socket(int); ~Socket(); void bind(InetAddress*);void listen();void setnonblocking();int accept(InetAddress*);int getFd();private:int fd; // 文件描述符 };?Socket.cpp
#include "Socket.h" #include "InetAddress.h" #include "util.h" #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <iostream> #include <tr1/memory>Socket::Socket() : fd(-1){fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(fd == -1, "socket create error"); }Socket::Socket(int fd_) : fd(fd_){errif(fd == -1, "socket create error"); }Socket::~Socket(){if(fd != -1){close(fd);fd = -1;} }void Socket::bind(InetAddress *addr){struct sockaddr_in addrTmp = addr->getAddr();socklen_t addrLen = addr->getAddrLen();errif(::bind(fd, (sockaddr*)&addrTmp, addrLen) == -1, "socket bind error"); }void Socket::listen(){errif(::listen(fd, SOMAXCONN) == -1, "socket listen error"); }void Socket::setnonblocking(){fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK); }int Socket::accept(InetAddress *addr){struct sockaddr_in addrTmp = addr->getAddr();socklen_t addrLen = addr->getAddrLen();int clnt_sockfd = ::accept(fd, (sockaddr*)&addrTmp, &addrLen);errif(clnt_sockfd == -1, "socket accept error");return clnt_sockfd; }int Socket::getFd(){return fd; }Epoll.h
#pragma once#include <sys/epoll.h> #include <iostream> #include <vector>class Epoll{ public:Epoll();~Epoll();void addFd(int fd, uint32_t op);std::vector<epoll_event> poll(int timeout = -1);private:int epfd;epoll_event* events; };?Epoll.cpp
#include "Epoll.h" #include "util.h" #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream>#define MAX_EVENTS 1000Epoll::Epoll() : epfd(-1), events(nullptr){epfd = epoll_create1(0);errif(epfd == -1, "epoll create error");events = new epoll_event[MAX_EVENTS];bzero(events, sizeof(*events) * MAX_EVENTS); } Epoll::~Epoll(){if(epfd != -1){close(epfd);epfd = -1;}delete[] events; // 防止內(nèi)存泄漏 }void Epoll::addFd(int fd, uint32_t op){struct epoll_event ev;bzero(&ev, sizeof(ev));ev.data.fd = fd;ev.events = op;errif(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1, "epoll add event error"); }std::vector<epoll_event> Epoll::poll(int timeout){std::vector<epoll_event> activeEvents;int nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, timeout);errif(nfds == -1, "epoll wait error");for(int i = 0; i < nfds; ++i){activeEvents.push_back(events[i]);}return activeEvents; }server.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <vector> #include "util.h" #include "Epoll.h" #include "InetAddress.h" #include "Socket.h" #include <iostream>#define MAX_EVENTS 1024 #define READ_BUFFER 1024void setnonblocking(int fd){fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK); }void handleReadEvent(int);int main() {Socket *serv_sock = new Socket();InetAddress *serv_addr = new InetAddress("127.0.0.1", 8888);serv_sock->bind(serv_addr);serv_sock->listen(); Epoll *ep = new Epoll();serv_sock->setnonblocking();ep->addFd(serv_sock->getFd(), EPOLLIN | EPOLLET);while(true){std::vector<epoll_event> events = ep->poll();int nfds = events.size();for(int i = 0; i < nfds; ++i){if(events[i].data.fd == serv_sock->getFd()){ // 新客戶端連接// new InetAddress() 位置只能在這里！InetAddress *clnt_addr = new InetAddress(); Socket *clnt_sock = new Socket(serv_sock->accept(clnt_addr)); printf("new client fd %d! IP: %s Port: %d\n", clnt_sock->getFd(), inet_ntoa(clnt_addr->getAddr().sin_addr), ntohs(clnt_addr->getAddr().sin_port));clnt_sock->setnonblocking();ep->addFd(clnt_sock->getFd(), EPOLLIN | EPOLLET);} else if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN){ // 可讀事件handleReadEvent(events[i].data.fd);} else{ // 其他事件，之后的版本實(shí)現(xiàn)printf("something else happened\n");}}}delete serv_sock;delete serv_addr;delete ep;return 0; }void handleReadEvent(int sockfd){char buf[READ_BUFFER];while (1){ // 由于使用非阻塞IO，讀取客戶端buffer，一次讀取buf大小數(shù)據(jù)，直到全部讀取完畢bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t bytes_read = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(bytes_read > 0){printf("message from client fd %d: %s\n", sockfd, buf);write(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));} else if(bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR){ // 客戶端正常中斷、繼續(xù)讀取printf("continue reading");continue;} else if(bytes_read == -1 && ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK))){ // 非阻塞IO，這個(gè)條件表示數(shù)據(jù)全部讀取完畢printf("finish reading once, errno: %d\n", errno);break;} else if(bytes_read == 0){ // EOF，客戶端斷開(kāi)連接printf("EOF, client fd %d disconnected\n", sockfd);close(sockfd); // 關(guān)閉socket會(huì)自動(dòng)將文件描述符從epoll樹(shù)上移除break;}} }client.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "util.h"#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 int main(){int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);errif(sockfd == -1, "socket create error");struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);errif(connect(sockfd, (sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1, "socket connect error");while (1){char buf[BUFFER_SIZE]; //在這個(gè)版本，buf大小必須大于或等于服務(wù)器端buf大小，不然會(huì)出錯(cuò)，想想為什么？bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));scanf("%s", buf);ssize_t write_bytes = write(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(write_bytes == -1){printf("socket already disconnected, can't write any more!\n");break;}bzero(&buf, sizeof(buf));ssize_t read_bytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));if(read_bytes > 0){printf("message from server: %s\n", buf);}else if(read_bytes == 0){printf("server socket disconnected!\n");break;}else if(read_bytes == -1){close(sockfd);errif(true, "socket read error");}} close(sockfd);return 0; } g++ util.cpp client.cpp -o client && \ g++ util.cpp server.cpp Epoll.cpp InetAddress.cpp Socket.cpp -o server至此，我們已經(jīng)完整地開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)echo服務(wù)器，并且引入面向?qū)ο缶幊痰乃枷?#xff0c;初步封裝了Socket、InetAddress和Epoll，大大精簡(jiǎn)了主程序，隱藏了底層語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)、增加了可讀性。
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