GPLv2许可证正经人话翻译
作者:衛劍釩
上次寫了篇“人話版GPL 2.0協議”,有讀者建議把英文原文一并貼出,所以這次發一篇帶原文的,帶上正經版翻譯,然后是人話版翻譯。
英文原版網址:
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
正經版翻譯:阮坤良 校對:汪蔚 和丹
人話版翻譯:衛劍釩 2020.7
【正經版譯者聲明】This is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License into Chinese. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, and does not legally state the distribution terms for software that uses the GNU GPL--only the original English text of the GNU GPL does that. However, we hope that this translation will help Chinese speakers understand the GNU GPL better.這是GNU通用公共許可協議的一份非官方中文翻譯,并非自由軟件基金會所發表,不適用于使用GNU通用公共許可協議發布的軟件的法律聲明——只有GNU通用公共許可協議英文原版才具有法律效力。不過我們希望本翻譯能夠幫助中文讀者更好地理解GNU通用公共許可協議。You may publish this translation, modified or unmodified, only under the terms at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/translations.html.譯注:distribute既譯作分發也譯作發布,前者強調轉發,后者強調公布;license既譯作協議也譯作許可,前者強調此文本,后者強調內容;首字母大寫的Program譯作程式,首字母小寫的program譯作程序。【人話版譯者序言】
閱讀時,你需要一個軟件不斷流轉的概念,就是軟件由最初作者寫好后,發給了別人,別人又發給了你,你改了改,又發給其他人,所以開源軟件有上下游之說,上游把軟件分發給你,你又分發給下游,開源軟件就是這樣不斷傳播散布開來。
GPL協議只有英文原版才有法律效力,本文看看就好,主要是幫助理解,尤其對新手而言。
1、GPL是FSF制定的,文中的“我們”,指的就是FSF,如果說“我”,有可能是Richard Stallman,也有可能是“本程序”的作者,請根據上下文判斷。
2、關于概念,很多人喜歡說“A可不是B”,不過我喜歡說“A就是B”,所以:本文中,“程序”、“軟件”、“作品”都是一個東西,“發布”就是“分發”,“授權”就是“許可”,“協議”就是“許可證”,“擔保”就是“保證”,“無擔保”就是“免責”。
由于說人話,難免會有一些演繹的成分,不會字字句句對應,但總體上是嚴格對應原文精神的。
下面正式開始
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.GNU通用公共許可協議 第二版,1991年6月 版權所有(C)1989, 1991 自由軟件基金會 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110‐1301, USA 任何人皆可復制和發布本協議的完整副本,但不得修改GPL 2.0許可證
版本 2, 1991年6月
版權 (C) :1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
你可以復制、發布本許可證,但不能修改本許可證。一個字都不能動。
PreambleThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.【引言】就多數軟件而言,許可協議被設計用于剝奪你分享和修改軟件的自由。相反,GNU通用公共許可協議力圖保障你分享和修改自由軟件的權利——確保自由軟件對其用戶來說是自由的。本GNU通用公共許可協議用于自由軟件基金會的大多數軟件(自由軟件基金會的有些軟件受GNU寬松通用公共許可協議保護),以及那些作者聲明使用此協議的軟件。你也可以將本協議用于你的程序。所謂自由軟件,強調自由,而非免費。本GNU通用公共許可協議設計用于確保你享有分發自由軟件的自由(你可以為此服務收費),確保你可以在需要的時候獲得這些軟件的源碼,確保你可以修改這些軟件或者在新的自由軟件中復用其中某些片段,并且確保你在這方面享有知情權。為保障你的權益,我們需要作一些限定:禁止任何人否認你的上述權利,或者要求你放棄它們。當你分發或修改這些軟件時,這種限定就變成你的義務。如果你分發這種程序的副本,無論收費還是免費,你必須給予與你同等的權利。你還要確保他們也能收到源碼并了解他們的權利。我們通過兩步保障你的權益:其一,賦予軟件著作權;其二,通過本協議使你可以合法地復制、分發和修改該軟件。同時,為了保護每一位作者以及我們自己,我們向所有人指明如下一點:自由軟件并不提供品質擔保。如果軟件被修改并繼續傳播,我們希望接收者知道獲得的不是原版,后來引入的任何問題不應該影響原作者的聲譽。最后,自由軟件還持續受到軟件專利的威脅。我們希望避免再發布者以個人名義取得專利,即將程序據為己有。為防止此類情況發生,我們需要澄清:專利必須為保障每個人的自由使用而申請,否則不應該存在。下文是關于復制、分發和修改的嚴謹描述和實施條件。開場白!
我們設計GPL協議,目的很簡單,就是給程序員自由,給用戶自由!
我們FSF的軟件大都用這個協議,但并不是說只有我們能用,任何人都可以用這個協議!
我們認為,人應該有這樣的自由:
每個人都有分發軟件的自由,而且可以因此收費。
"譯者注:“分發”就是有人把軟件賣給你、寄給你、發給你、拷給你、讓你下載、幫你安裝等等,只要你從他那兒搞到軟件,就算他分發給你了。有時候會用“發布”一詞,請視為等同。"
"譯者注:本文所講的“程序”、“軟件”、“作品”、“東西”、“玩意”,在絕大多數情況下,指的都是一個東西:自由軟件,尤指使用GPL的軟件。"
每個人有獲取源碼的自由,軟件應該附帶源碼!
為什么要帶源碼?因為源碼讓程序員更自由,源碼讓用戶更自由。
"譯者注:如果你搞過開發,你就會懂的。"
每個人有改動源碼的自由。?這就好比你買了搭好的樂高積木,卻不能拆了重新組裝,那多沒勁。
每個人都應該知道上面這些理念。所以,本許可證帶著這個開場白,而使用GPL的軟件,都帶著本許可證,就是為了讓你看見這些理念。
GPL協議的目的就是要確保做到上面這些。每個分發GPL軟件的人,都要按照GPL的要求做。
記住:我們給了你自由,你要把自由再傳遞給其他人。最基本的就是要把源碼公開!
每個人都應該知道,自由軟件是不提供任何擔保的,也即如果用出什么問題,您自己負責。如果你修改了別人的程序,你要說明你修改了,這樣,你帶來的bug,不會影響原作者的聲譽。
我們絕不允許將自由軟件專有化,你如果基于本程序做了修改,并對修改申請了專利,你就要把這個專利讓所有人免費使用,要么你就不要發布。
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.【關于復制、分發和修改的術語和條件】〇、但凡版權持有人在他的程序或其他作品中聲明該作品可在GNU通用公共許可協議約束下發布,本協議便對之適用。下文中所說的“程式”指任何程序或作品,而“程式的派生作品”指該程式或者版權法認定的派生作品,即全部或部分包含了該程式的作品,無論是原樣包含或做了修改,乃至翻譯成了其他語言(后文中“修改”涵蓋翻譯)。每個許可獲得者稱作“你”。除復制、分發和修改外的行為超出了本協議的約束范圍。執行程式的行為并不受限,程式的輸出一般不在約束之內,除非其內容構成了本程式的派生作品(并非單純地作為本程式的運行結果),判別取決于此程式的具體用途。條款和條件
0.先定義一下:如果一個作品包含本程序的全部或者部分,或者是對本程序做了修改,或者將本程序翻譯成其他語言,那么,這個作品就是基于本程序的,也稱衍生程序或衍生作品。
"譯者注:注意,本文中的“本程序”,就是使用了GPL的程序,本程序發布時是帶著本許可證的。"
本協議管的是對本程序的復制、修改和分發。其他的事我不管。比如執行本程序是不受限制的,程序的輸出也不受限制,除非輸出內容的本身就是本程序的衍生作品。
"譯者注:事實上,只要你不分發,只是自己用用,都不會管的,比如你可以隨便復制1000份放在你的硬盤上,你也可以隨便改,只要你不拿出來傳播就好。但如果你哪怕只是發給了小伙伴張三,那就要注意了,你要按GPL的要求做,否則就會違規。除非這個小伙伴和你一個公司而你們正在受公司之命使用或修改本程序。"
"譯者注:關于程序輸出,可以考慮一下這些情景:你使用受GPL保護的軟件LibreOffice寫了一本書(這就是輸出),這本書不受GPL限制;你用Emacs編輯器(GPL的)寫了個程序(這就是輸出),這個程序不受GPL限制;你用mysql(GPL的)做數據庫并搭了個網站,這也不受GPL限制。但如果你用LibreOffice、Emacs編輯的是本程序的源碼,或者用mysql數據庫存儲了本程序的源碼并在網站上輸出,那就另當別論了,這你懂吧。"
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.一、只要你做到為每一個副本醒目而恰當地發布版權與免責聲明,原封不動地保留本協議及免責聲明,并將本協議連同程式發予接收者,你可以通過任何媒介完整地復制和分發你收到的本程式的源碼。你可以就傳輸副本的具體行為收費,也可以選擇提供品質擔保以換取收入。1.?如果你要分發的是一字未改的本程序(也就是說這個程序是別人分發給你的),記著必須要在明顯的地方,帶上本程序的版權聲明、免責聲明(或稱無擔保聲明)、以及本許可證。而且必須是原封不動的本許可證和免責聲明。
"你應該知道為什么帶這些吧,前面我已經大致說過了,這里再說一遍:第一,你要給原作者留名,人家寫自由軟件圖啥?至少要給人家個名吧!第二,人家也沒有收維保費,不能說有點bug還找人家算賬,軟件不好使,你們自己想辦法。第三,要帶上我這個GPL協議,要讓所有人知道他的權利和義務,更重要的是,讓他們看看我的開場白,理解自由軟件的初心。"
你可以因為分發軟件的具體行為收成本費。(比如你可以收制作光盤的費用,郵寄的費用,拷貝的費用,但不能收研發費!不能收許可費!不能收專利費!總之,你要知道這是自由軟件,你要接受我們的理念,否則你就不要分發。)
你要是能提供維保服務,你可以收維保費。(有些服務商就是靠這個賺錢的,我們允許這種商業行為。)
"譯者注:所謂維保,也就是用戶軟件出故障了,你給人家解決bug,需要版本升級了,你給人家升級,發現安全漏洞了,你給人家補丁,用戶不會用了,你給人家培訓,這些活,都屬于維保。原作者一般是不會干這個的,他更喜歡開發。"
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable ps of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those ps when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same ps as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.Thus, it is not the intent of this p to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.二、你可以修改你的程式副本的任意部分,以構成本程式的派生作品,并在滿足上述條款及以下三點要求的前提下復制和分發該修改版:a)你必須在你修改了的文件中醒目地聲明你的修改及標注修改日期。b)你必須使你分發或發布的作品,部分或全部包含本程式或其派生作品,允許第三方在本協議約束下使用,并不得就授權收費。c)如果修改后的程序通常在運行時通過交互方式獲取命令,你應該讓它進入交互模式時顯示簡要的版權聲明和免責聲明(抑或者你的品質擔保聲明),以及告訴用戶可以在本協議約束下再發布該程序并提供查閱本協議的途徑。(例外:如果本程式有交互式執行卻通常不顯示任何聲明,則對你的派生作品也不作此要求。)上述要求對修改后的作品整體有效。如果該作品中某些可劃定的部分并非派生自本程式,并可以被合理地看作是從中分離的獨立作品,則當你將它們分開發布時,這種獨立部分可以不受本協議約束。但是,在你將這些部分和你修改后的作品一起發布時,整個套件將受本協議約束,本協議對其他許可獲得者的授權將延伸至整個作品,即套件的每一部分,不管是誰寫的。2.?如果你要分發的是你修改后的本程序(或曰衍生程序),除了上面第1條的要求外,你還要滿足以下條件。
a) 對于你修改了的文件,你必須在那個文件上帶上明顯的修改聲明,并附上日期信息。
b) 哪怕你的軟件有一點點含有或來自我的程序,你分發時,就要按照GPL,授權所有的第三方都可免費使用、復制、修改、再分發你這個軟件。
c) 如果你修改后的程序在運行時和用戶以命令的方式交互,你必須在程序運行的開始,顯示版權聲明、無擔保聲明(如果你有擔保你就顯示擔保聲明),你要告訴用戶分發你程序時的條件,告訴用戶如何讀取本許可證。但是:如果本程序不顯示這些,那你不需要專門改成這樣。
"譯者注:比如gdb運行時就會出來一堆這些聲明。命令式交互并不僅限于“命令行”交互,完全可以是圖形界面的命令式交互甚至是音頻的交互。"
如果你的作品有一部分可以獨立出來,而且這部分完全是你寫的(不基于本程序),那你分發這部分的時候,不需要遵守本許可證。
但如果你寫的那部分不能獨立出來,而是必須要和本程序作為一個整體發布,那就得遵守本規定。
我不是要掠奪你寫的那部分程序,我是想讓所有基于本程序的軟件,都能真正的自由起來!如果你還不明白,再去看看我的開場白。
當然,如果一個程序僅僅是和本作品放在同一張光盤上、同一個U盤上、同一塊活動硬盤上,而它本身不基于本程序,我們不會要求該程序遵守GPL的。(我們沒有這么變態,也不會有人真以為能這樣“傳染”吧?!)
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subp b above.)The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.三、你可以在上述條款約束下以目標碼或可執行文件的形式復制和分發本程式(或條款二所說的派生作品),不過你還要滿足以下要求之一:a)附上相應的源碼。源碼要求完整且機器可讀,并在條款一、二的約束下通過常用的軟件交換媒介分發。b)附上至少三年有效的書面報價表以供第三方付費獲取相應的源碼。源碼要求完整且機器可讀,并在條款一、二的約束下通過常用的軟件交換媒介分發,費用不得超過實際的分發成本。c)附上你所收到的獲取源碼途徑的信息。(該選擇只適用于非商業分發,并且你只收到目標碼或可執行文件以及滿足b項要求的報價單的情況下。)作品的源碼指其可修改的首選形式。對可執行的作品而言,完整的源碼指其包含的所有模塊的源碼、相關接口定義文檔以及編譯和安裝所需腳本。然而,有一種例外情況,分發的源碼不必包含那些通常會隨目標運行環境的操作系統的主要部件(編譯器、內核等)發布的內容(以源碼或二進制形式),除非這些部件自身是本程式的一部分。如果以指定特定復制地點的形式分發可執行文件或目標碼,則在同一地點提供對等源碼復制途徑也算一種源碼分發手段,即便不強求第三方在復制目標碼的同時復制源碼。3.?如果你要分發本程序(或衍生程序)的目標代碼或可執行文件,除了滿足前面第1條和第2條,還必須滿足以下3個選項的其中1個。
a) 伴隨這個目標代碼或可執行文件,你必須提供機器可讀的源代碼。(也就是說,這個源碼不能是圖片、照片、打印在紙上的、印刷在書上的,要的是電腦可讀的。)而且你要使用拷貝軟件常用的方式。(你別給我弄到磁帶上、紙帶上、稀奇古怪的介質上)總之,別耍花樣,老老實實交出源碼。
b) 或者你可以這樣做,你附上一個書面的報價單,讓用戶想買的時候可以買,有效期至少三年,收費不能超過成本費。(比如收費只是你制作光盤、制作U盤的費用。)
c) 或者,如果你只是把你得到的程序又轉發給別人,而且并不收錢,那你帶上獲取源碼的信息就可以了(如果是商業行為,你就得給源碼,或者弄書面報價單了)。
所謂源代碼形式,就是那種最便于修改的形式。對于一個可執行程序,完整的源代碼包括其所有模塊的源代碼、接口定義文件、編譯程序的腳本、安裝程序的腳本。但不包括內核、編譯器這些操作系統主要部件的源碼,這不是該你負責的部分,除非你的程序就是干這些事的。
(總之,提供源碼就要提供完整的,而且是便于編譯的,即便是編程菜鳥,能應該能按照指示,簡單幾步就能把源碼弄成可執行文件,如果你只是扔來一堆源碼,而故意隱藏一些信息或制造一些編譯上的難度,那只能說你品質低下。)
如果可執行文件(目標代碼)的分發是在特定的地點完成的,那么,在同一地點也應該提供對源碼的拷貝。當然,來獲取可執行文件的人,完全可以選擇不要源碼,不能強迫非要給人家源碼。
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.四、在本協議授權之外,你不能復制、修改、再授權或分發本程式。任何用其他方法復制、修改、再授權或分發本程式的企圖都是無效的,并使你從本協議獲得的權利自動終止。然而從你那按本協議獲得副本和許可的人,只要繼續遵守協議,他們獲得的許可并不會終止。4. 除了本許可明確允許的方式,你不能復制、修改、分發和再許可本程序。如果你試圖干這些事,本許可證授予你的權利將自動終止。但已經從你這里獲得了拷貝的人,只要他們遵守規定,他們的授權并不會自動終止。
"譯者注:事實上,如果你不分發,只是自己用用,復制、修改的自由還是有的。"
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.五、你沒有在此協議上簽字,也不是非要接受它不可。但是,此外沒人可授權你去修改或分發本程式或其派生作品。此種行為為法律所不容,除非你接受本協議。因此,修改或發布本程式(或本程式的任何派生作品),就表明你已經接受本協議,即接受它的所有關于復制、分發和修改本程式及其派生的條款。5. 你可以不接受本許可證,但不接受你就不能修改和分發本程序(及衍生程序)。所以,你只要干了這些事,就表明你接受了本許可證。
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.六、每當你再發布本程式(或本程式的任何派生作品),接收者自動從原始權利人獲得本許可,以復制、分發和修改本程式。你不可以對他們獲得的權利加以進一步的限制,你也沒有要求第三方遵守該協議的義務。6. 每當你發布本程序(或衍生程序)時,收到本程序的人,自動獲得本程序原始授權人依本許可證所賦予的權利,你不能添加任何額外的限制。你也不用負責別人是不是按照本許可做。(譯者注:由此可知,一旦一個GPL的程序誕生,它的子子孫孫都會是GPL的。)
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.If any portion of this p is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the p is intended to apply and the p as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.It is not the purpose of this p to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this p has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.This p is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.七、如果因為法庭裁決或專利侵權指控或其他原因(不限于專利事宜),你面臨與本協議條款沖突的條件(來自于法庭要求、協議或其他),那也不能成為你違背本協議的理由。倘若你不能在發布本程式時同時滿足本協議和其他文件的要求,你就不能發布本程式。例如某專利授權不允許通過你直接或間接地獲得本程式的人在不付授權費的前提下再發布本程式,唯一能同時滿足它和本協議要求的做法便是不發布本程式。如果本條款在特定環境下無效或無法實施,本條款的其他部分仍適用且本條款整體在其他環境下仍適用。本條款的目的不在于誘使你去侵犯專利或其他產權要求,抑或者對之抗辯。本條款的根本目的是保護自由軟件發布系統的完整性,而這要通過應用公共許可證實現。借助同樣出自該系統的應用程序,許多人已經對在該系統上發布的軟件作出了廣泛而慷慨的貢獻。作者/捐贈人有權確定是否通過其他渠道發布軟件,被授權人不得干預其選擇。本條款旨在徹底闡明其余條款所帶來的當然結果。7. 不管是哪種情況,比如法院判決、專利指控或其他情況,導致你無法遵從本許可證的條件,那也不代表你就可以搞特殊,如果你無法求得兩全,那你就只能放棄發布。比如某個專利,要求人們必須付授權費后,才能再次分發,這就和本許可沖突了。為了避免這種問題,你唯一能做的,就是不分發本程序。(譯者注:此即著名的“自由或死亡”條款,“Liberty or Death”)
不管在什么場景下,如果本條款的任何一部分不能執行或者被判定無效,其他部分也是有效的,且條款整體在其他場景下仍是有效的。
本條的目的不是誘使你侵犯專利或知識產權,也不是讓你去和別人爭執更應該執行誰的條件,本條的唯一目的,就是保護GPL的完整性,而不是讓它被支離破碎地執行,正是通過GPL的一致執行,我們的事業才取得了如此顯著的成就。
原創作者有權利使用其他協議發布他的作品,任何人不能強迫原創作者必須使用GPL協議。
本條試圖徹底解釋清楚其他條款所帶來的可能后果。
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.八、如果由于專利或受版權保護的接口的問題,分發或使用本程式在某些國家受到限制,原始版權持有人在其程式中使用本協議時可以附加明確的區域分發限制以排除那些國家,以支持此外地區的分發。在此情況下,這種限制條款將納入協議之中。8. 如果在某些國家因為專利或版權的問題難以分發,那么版權所有人在分發時,可以對分發的地區加以明確限制,以排除那些國家。在這種情況下,這些限制不認為是對本協議的修改。(譯者注:反正本協議是不允許修改的,這條例外不算修改。)
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.九、自由軟件聯盟可能會不定時發布GNU通用公共許可協議的修訂版或新版。新版將秉承當前版本的精神,但對問題或事項的描述細節不盡相同。每一版都會有不同的版本號,如果本程式指定其使用的協議版本以及“任何更新的版本”,你可以選擇遵守該版本或者任何更新的版本的條款。如果本程式沒有指定協議版本,你可以選用自由軟件聯盟發布的任意版本。9. FSF會不定時發布GPL的新版本,精神上應該不會大變,主要是增加一些對新情況的描述。每一版都會有新的版本號,如果一個軟件說使用“GPL 2.0 and later version”,這表示你可以用2.0,或者其后的某個版本,如果只說使用GPL 2 .0,那就只能用2.0,如果說使用GPL但沒有指定版本號,那就可以任意選擇一個FSF發布過的版本。
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.十、如果你希望將本程式的某部分并入采取不同發布條件的自由軟件中,應書面請求其作者的許可。對于自由軟件聯盟持有版權的軟件,還應向聯盟提出書面請求,我們有時會作例外處理。在處理這種事情時我們秉承兩大宗旨:保持所有自由軟件派生作品的自由屬性,以及在整體上促進軟件的共享和復用。10. 如果你希望將本程序的一部分納入采用其他許可證的自由軟件中(譯者注:注意符合自由軟件定義的許可證有很多,比如MIT、Apache等都是),你要征得本程序作者的書面同意。如果他同意,那就可以。如果本程序的版權歸FSF,那你得問我們,一般來說,我們的作品以及衍生作品都必須要用GPL的,但是,我們有時候也同意一些例外。(譯者注:決策權當然是在作者這里的,作者想用什么許可就用什么許可。)我們的決策主要考慮兩個目標,一是保證自由軟件的子子孫孫都是自由的,二是促進軟件的普遍共享和復用。
NO WARRANTY11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.不提供品質擔保十一、本程式為免費授權,故在適用法律范圍內不提供品質擔保。除非另作書面聲明,版權持有人及其他程式提供者“概”不提供任何顯式或隱式的品質擔保,品質擔保所指包括而不僅限于有經濟價值和適合特定用途的保證。全部風險,如程式的質量和性能問題,皆由你承擔。若程式出現缺陷,你將承擔所有必要的修復和更正服務的費用。無擔保聲明
11. 由于本程序是免費提供的,所以在法律許可范圍內,除非有書面說明,本程序是沒有擔保的。本程序是“AS IS”的,沒有任何明示或暗示的保證,比如默認的適銷性、適用性這些保證都沒有,關于本程序的功能和性能導致的風險都由用戶自己承擔,本作品的缺陷請你自己想辦法搞定,你可以花錢買服務,會有人愿意做這事的。
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS十二、除非適用法律或書面協議要求,任何版權持有人或本程式按本協議可能存在的第三方修改和再發布者,都不對你的損失負有責任,包括由于使用或者不能使用本程式造成的任何一般的、特殊的、偶發的或重大的損失(包括而不僅限于數據丟失、數據失真、你或第三方的后續損失、其他程序無法與本程序協同運作),即使那些人聲稱會對此負責。12. 除非是法律要求或者書面同意,否則在任何情況下,本程序的版權所有者、修改本程序的人、重新發布本程序的人,都不會對你的任何損失負責,不管這個損失是一般的還是特殊的,不管是偶然的還是間接的,不管是本程序自己的問題,還是因為你不會用導致的,不管是數據丟失還是數據不準確,不管是你導致的,還是其他人導致的,亦或是本程序和其他程序共同導致的。即便版權所有者或修改人已經被告知有危險,他們也不會對此負責。總之一句話,我不負責。
條件和條款就這么多了!
How to Apply These Terms to Your New ProgramsIf you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.【附錄:如何將上述條款應用到你的新程序】如果你開發了一個新程序,并希望它能最大限度地為公眾所使用,最好的辦法是將其作為自由軟件,以使每個人都能在本協議約束下對其再發布及修改。為此,請在附上以下聲明。最安全的做法是將其附在每份源碼的開頭,以便于最有效地傳遞免責信息。同時,每個文件至少包含一處“版權”聲明和一個協議全文的鏈接。你的新程序如何使用本許可證?
如果你開發了一個新程序,并且想最大程度造福人類,我向你保證,最好的辦法就是使用我們的GPL,把它變成自由軟件,讓任何人都可以修改它、分發它。
如何使用GPL?最好把下面這段話放在程序的頭部,以便最有效地傳達免責聲明。
至少也應該寫一行版權,然后給出一個鏈接,指向完整的許可證。
one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.Copyright (C) yyyy name of authorThis program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.用一行來標明程序名及其作用。版權所有(C)年份 姓名本程序為自由軟件,在自由軟件聯盟發布的GNU通用公共許可協議的約束下,你可以對其進行再發布及修改。協議版本為第二版或(隨你)更新的版本。我們希望發布的這款程序有用,但不保證,甚至不保證它有經濟價值和適合特定用途。詳情參見GNU通用公共許可協議。你理當已收到一份GNU通用公共許可協議的副本,如果沒有,請致信自由軟件基金會:51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110‐1301, USA[你程序的名字,你程序的用途,注意最好一行搞定。]
Copyright (C) 年份, 作者名字
本程序是一個自由軟件,你可以重新分發它,可以修改它,但要遵守GPL 2.0版本或者后續其他版本。
我們希望本程序是有用的,但是我們不保證它能用,不保證它好用,我們不提供任何保證。
更多請見GPL全文,如果理解不了,找人話版看看。
按道理你在得到本軟件時,應該已經得到一份GPL,如果你沒找到,寫信給自由軟件基金會(FSF):
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110‐1301, USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:同時提供你的電子郵件地址或傳統的郵件聯系方式。如果該程序是交互式的,讓它在交互模式下輸出類似下面的一段聲明:然后在文件頭部附上你的電子郵件地址和紙質件郵寄地址。
如果你的程序是交互式的(用戶可以輸入指令并得到反應 ),那么,請在交互式運行的一開始,輸出版權、免責及許可信息,下面是個例子:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details.Gnomovision 第69版,版權所有(C)年份 姓名Gnomovision從未提供品質擔保,輸入'show w'可查看詳情。這是款自由軟件,歡迎你在滿足一定條件后對其再發布,輸入'show c'可查看詳情。Gnomovision v69,版權 (c) 1988 steven
Gnomovision沒有任何保證,了解更多請輸入’show w'。
這是一個自由軟件,歡迎再次分發本程序,但要滿足一定條件,欲知詳情請輸入’show c'。?
The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and 'show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:例子中的命令'show w'和'show c'應用于顯示GNU通用公共許可協議相應的部分。當然你也可以因地制宜地選用別的命令乃至點擊操作。如果你之上存在雇主(你是碼農)或校方,你還應當讓他們在必要時為此程序簽署放棄版權聲明。以下有例子:這里的'show w’和’show c’只是例子,你可以用別的指令,還可以是鼠標點擊或菜單選擇,只要顯示GPL的相應條款即可。
若你是在工作場景下寫的這程序,如果必要,你可能需要讓你的公司或學校(譯者注:你知道學校里的學生有時就像雇員),簽署一個“版權放棄書”。
范例如下,修改其中的名字即可:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of ViceYoyodyne公司,在此放棄對James Hacker所寫的'Gnomovision'程序所享有的版權利益。Ty Coon 簽字,1989年4月1日Ty Coon 副總裁Yoyodyne公司聲明放棄James Hacker所寫的’Gnomovision'程序的版權權益。
Ty Coon簽字,1989年4月1日
Ty Coon公司,副總裁
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.本GNU通用公共許可協議不允許把你的程序并入私有程序。如果你的程序是某種庫,且你想允許它被私有程序鏈接而使之更有用,請使用GNU較寬松通用公共許可協議。我們不允許一個GPL的程序集成到私有程序(或稱專有軟件)中。如果你的程序是一個函數庫,而且你認為讓私有程序鏈接這個庫更有利于自由的力量,那你可以使用LGPL,而不是GPL。
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