飛船游戲

這雖然只是個(gè)小游戲，但是代碼也不少，為了避免出錯(cuò)并且讓代碼清楚整潔我們把代碼分為9個(gè)模塊，同時(shí)還有一個(gè)image文件夾儲(chǔ)存圖像還有編輯過程中Python自己生成的一個(gè)文件夾。9個(gè)模塊中，每個(gè)模塊都有自己的功能，來為我們最終的游戲服務(wù)。我們看一下做出來游戲的效果。
1.主函數(shù)模塊alien_invasion
這是主函數(shù)模塊，也是啟動(dòng)游戲的模塊，啟動(dòng)游戲只需要點(diǎn)擊此模塊即可。
代碼:

import pygamefrom pygame.sprite import Group from settings import Settings from ship import Ship from alien import Alien from game_stats import GameStats from button import Button from scoreboard import Scoreboard import game_functions as gfdef run_game():#初始化pygame、設(shè)置和屏幕對(duì)象pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#創(chuàng)建Play按鈕play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")#創(chuàng)建一艘飛船、一個(gè)子彈的編組和一個(gè)外星人編組ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)bullets = Group()aliens = Group()#創(chuàng)建外星人群gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于儲(chǔ)存游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的實(shí)例,并創(chuàng)建記分牌stats = GameStats(ai_settings)sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)#開始游戲的主循環(huán)while True:gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)if stats.game_active: ship.update()gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)run_game()

2.游戲配置的settings模塊
此模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)游戲相關(guān)信息的配置和初始化
代碼：

class Settings():"""儲(chǔ)存《外星人入侵》的所有設(shè)置的類"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戲的靜態(tài)設(shè)置"""#屏幕設(shè)置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 700self.bg_color = (230,230,230)#飛船的設(shè)置self.ship_limit = 3#子彈設(shè)置self.bullet_width = 3self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = 60,60,60self.bullets_allowed = 3#外星人設(shè)置self.fleet_drop_speed = 10#以什么樣的速度加快游戲節(jié)奏self.speedup_scale = 1.1#外星人點(diǎn)數(shù)的提高self.score_scale = 1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):"""初始化隨游戲進(jìn)行而變化的設(shè)置"""self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5self.bullet_speed_factor = 3self.alien_speed_factor = 1#fleet_direction為1表示向右；為-1表示向左self.fleet_direction = 1#記分self.alien_points = 50def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度設(shè)置和外星人點(diǎn)數(shù)"""self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

3.game_stats模塊
用于游戲信息的統(tǒng)計(jì)
代碼：

class GameStats():"""跟蹤游戲的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""def __init__(self,ai_settings):"""初始化統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.reset_stats()#讓游戲一開始處于非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)self.game_active = False#任何情況都不應(yīng)該清除最高分self.high_score = 0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化在游戲運(yùn)行期間可能變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limitself.score = 0self.level = 1

4.用于儲(chǔ)存函數(shù)的game_functions模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存讓游戲運(yùn)行的函數(shù)，可避免主函數(shù)太長(zhǎng)，并讓其代碼更易理解。
具體代碼：

import sys from time import sleepimport pygame from bullet import Bullet from alien import Aliendef check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):"""響應(yīng)按鍵"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):"""如果沒有到達(dá)限制，就發(fā)射一顆子彈"""#創(chuàng)建一顆子彈，并將其加入到編組bullets中if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)def check_keyup_events(event,ship):"""松開響應(yīng)"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falsedef check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):#監(jiān)視鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event,ship)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):"""在玩家單機(jī)Play按鈕時(shí)開始游戲"""button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:#重置游戲設(shè)置ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#隱藏光標(biāo)pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)#重置游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active = True#重置記分牌圖像sb.prep_score()sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()sb.prep_ships()#清空外星人列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人，并讓飛船居中create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):"""更新屏幕上的圖像，并切換到新屏幕"""#每次循環(huán)時(shí)都重繪屏幕screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)#在飛船和外星人后面重繪所有子彈for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()aliens.draw(screen)#顯示得分sb.show_score()#如果游戲處于非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)，就繪制Play按鈕if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()#讓最近繪制的屏幕可見pygame.display.flip()def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""更新子彈的位置，并刪除已消失的子彈"""#更新子彈的位置bullets.update()#刪除已消失的子彈for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:bullets.remove(bullet)check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)def check_high_score(stats,sb):"""檢查是否需要建立最高分"""if stats.score > stats.high_score:stats.high_score = stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""響應(yīng)子彈和外星人的碰撞"""#刪除發(fā)生碰撞的子彈和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)sb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats,sb)if len(aliens) ==0:#刪除現(xiàn)有的子彈,加快游戲節(jié)奏，并創(chuàng)建一群外星人bullets.empty()ai_settings.increase_speed()#加快游戲節(jié)奏stats.level += 1sb.prep_level()create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):"""計(jì)算一行可容納多少個(gè)外星人"""available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_widthnumber_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))return number_aliens_xdef get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):"""計(jì)算屏幕可容納多少人"""available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))return number_rowsdef create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):"""創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人并將其放在當(dāng)前行"""alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)alien_width = alien.rect.widthalien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.xalien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_numberaliens.add(alien)def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):"""創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人群"""#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人，并計(jì)算一行可容納多少個(gè)外星人#外星人間距為外星人寬度alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)#創(chuàng)建外星人群for row_number in range(number_rows):for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):"""有外星人到達(dá)邊緣時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的措施"""for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)breakdef change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):"""將整群外星人下移，并改變它們的方向"""for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speedai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):if stats.ships_left > 0:"""響應(yīng)被外星人撞到的飛船"""#將ships_left減1stats.ships_left -= 1#更新分?jǐn)?shù)sb.prep_ships()else:stats.game_active = Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)#清空外星人列表和子彈列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕底端中央create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()#暫停sleep(0.5)def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)了屏幕底端"""screen_rect = screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:#像飛船被撞到一樣進(jìn)行處理ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)breakdef update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""檢查是否有外星人位于屏幕邊緣,并更新整群外星人的位置"""check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)aliens.update()#檢測(cè)外星人和飛船之間的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)#檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)屏幕底端check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

5.外星人的alien模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存外星人的屬性和行為
代碼：

import pygame from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""表示單個(gè)外星人"""def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):"""初始化外星人并設(shè)置其起始位置"""super(Alien,self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings#加載外星人圖像，并設(shè)置其rect屬性self.image = pygame.image.load('image/alien.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每個(gè)外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height#儲(chǔ)存外星人的準(zhǔn)確位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):"""在指定位置繪制外星人"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def check_edges(self):"""如果外星人位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True"""screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left <= 0:return Truedef update(self):"""向右或向左移動(dòng)外星人"""self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)self.rect.x = self.x

6.ship模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存飛船的屬性和行為
代碼：

import pygame from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Ship(Sprite):def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):"""初始化飛船并設(shè)置其初始位置"""super(Ship,self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings#加載飛船圖像并獲取其外接矩陣self.image = pygame.image.load('image/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()#將每艘新飛船放在屏幕底部中央self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom#在飛船的屬性center中儲(chǔ)存小數(shù)值self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)#移動(dòng)標(biāo)志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""根據(jù)移動(dòng)標(biāo)志調(diào)整飛船的位置"""#更新飛船的center值，而不是rectif self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor#根據(jù)self.center更新rect對(duì)象self.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置繪制飛船"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""讓飛船在屏幕居中"""self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

7.bullet模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存子彈的屬性和行為
代碼：

import pygame from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):"""一個(gè)對(duì)飛船發(fā)射的子彈進(jìn)行管理的類"""def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):"""在飛船所處的位置創(chuàng)建一個(gè)子彈對(duì)象"""super(Bullet,self).__init__()self.screen = screen#在(0,0)處創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表示子彈的矩形，再設(shè)置正確的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top = ship.rect.top#儲(chǔ)存用小數(shù)表示的子彈位置self.y = float(self.rect.y)self.color = ai_settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):"""向上移動(dòng)子彈"""#更新表示子彈位置的小數(shù)值self.y -= self.speed_factor#更新表示子彈的rect.yself.rect.y = self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""在屏幕上繪制子彈"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

8.button模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存按鈕的屬性和行為
代碼：

import pygame.fontclass Button():def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):"""初始化按鈕的屬性"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()#設(shè)置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性self.width,self.height = 200,50self.button_color = (0,255,0)self.text_color = (255,255,255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#創(chuàng)建按鈕的rect對(duì)象,并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center#按鈕的標(biāo)簽只需創(chuàng)建一次self.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self,msg):"""將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中"""self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):#繪制一個(gè)用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

9.scoreboard模塊
此模塊用于儲(chǔ)存計(jì)分板的屬性和行為
代碼：

import pygame.font from pygame.sprite import Groupfrom ship import Shipclass Scoreboard():"""顯示得分信息的類"""def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):"""初始化得分信息"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.stats = stats#顯示得分信息時(shí)使用的字體設(shè)置self.text_color = (30,30,30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#準(zhǔn)備初始得分圖像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""將得分轉(zhuǎn)換為一幅渲染的圖像"""rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#將得分板放在屏幕右上角self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def prep_high_score(self):"""將最高分轉(zhuǎn)化為渲染的圖像"""high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#將最高分放在屏幕頂部中央self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):"""將等級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換為渲染的圖像"""self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#將等級(jí)放在得分下方self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10def prep_ships(self):"""顯示余下多少艘飛船"""self.ships = Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship = Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.widthship.rect.y = 10self.ships.add(ship)def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上顯示得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)#繪制飛船self.ships.draw(self.screen)

這是我所有的模塊。如果你需要這個(gè)完整文件可以訪問網(wǎng)盤
鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BHM52w7-yNWPCFL8aPI-Qw
提取碼：sjpb
（參考資料《Python編程從入門到實(shí)踐》）

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