（十一）企业部分之nagios
? ? Nagios是一個監視系統運行狀態和網絡信息的監視系統。Nagios能監視所指定的本地或遠程主機以及服務，同時提供異常通知功能等。
? ? Nagios可運行在Linux/Unix平臺之上，同時提供一個可選的基于瀏覽器的WEB界面以方便系統管理人員查看網絡狀態，各種系統問題，以及日志等等。
nagios常用配置文件主要用以下6個：
cgi.cfg(控制cgi訪問的配置文件)，nagios.cfg（Nagios主配置文件），resource.cfg(resource.cfg定義了一些變量，以便被其他文件引用，如$USER1$)，objects(objects是一個目錄，用于定義Nagios對象)，servers(servers是自己創建的目錄，Nagios可以加載該目錄下所有配置文件，常用于定義各遠程服務器監控信息，需要在nagios.cfg中配置）
其中：
objects目錄下文件::
commands.cfg ????#命令定義配置文件，里面定義的命令可以被其他文件引用
contacts.cfg ????#聯系人和聯系人組配置文件
localhost.cfg ????#監控本地機器的配置文件
printer.cfg ????#監控打印機的一個事例配置文件（默認未啟用）
switch.cfg ????#監控路由器的一個事例配置文件（默認未啟用）
templates.cfg ????#模板配置文件，在此可以定義模板，在其他文件中引用
timeperiods.cfg ????#定義監控時間段的配置文件
windows.cfg ????#監控Windows的一個事例配置文件（默認未啟用）
? ? Nagios所需要的運行條件是機器必須可以運行Linux（或是Unix變種）并且有C語言編譯器。你必須正確地配置TCP/IP協議棧以使大多數的服務檢測可以通過網絡得以進行。你需要但并非必須正確地配置Nagios里的CGIs程序，而一旦你要使用CGI程序時，你必須要安裝以下這些軟件。
1.nagios安裝##可參考官網文檔
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所需軟件包：gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz nagios-cn-3.2.3.tar.bz2
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tar?jxf?nagios-cn-3.2.3.tar.bz2 yum?install?gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm?-ycd?nagios-cn-3.2.3 groupadd?nagcmd useradd?-M?-d?/usr/local/nagios?-G?nagcmd?nagios usermod?-G?nagcmd?apache./configure?--with-command-group=nagcmd make?all????##可以看到后面步驟 make?install make?install-init make?install-config make?install-commandmode make?install-webconf/etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf cat?/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users????##可看到用戶名和密碼 htpasswd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users?nagiosadmin????##修改nagiosadmin的密碼/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/httpd?start /etc/init.d/nagios?start
http://172.25.45.1/nagios/
用戶名:nagiosadmin ??密碼：修改的密碼
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2.nagios-plugins安裝
tar?zxf?nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz cd?nagios-plugins-2.1.1./configure##可看到插件安裝的信息，可根據缺少的插件進行安裝。例如：mysql-devel,openssl-devel make make?installcd?/usr/local/nagios/libexec chown?nagios.nagios?*?-R/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reloadcd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/ vim?nagios.cfg
添加兩個cfg_file(33行下面)
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
注釋掉cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg(38行)
將內容修改為以下：
define host{
????????use ????????????????????linux-server
????????host_name ??????????????server1.example.com
????????alias ??????????????????Manager
# ??????parents ????????????????MainSwitch
????????address ????????????????172.25.45.1
????????icon_p_w_picpath ?????????????server.gif
????????statusmap_p_w_picpath ????????server.gd2
????????2d_coords ??????????????500,200
????????3d_coords ??????????????500,200,100
????????}
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define hostgroup{
????????hostgroup_name ?linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
????????alias ??????????Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
????????members ????????* ????; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
????????}
將166行之前全部刪掉，再刪除第8行開始的servicegroup，只留下一個servicegroup。將此servicegroup的members最后兩個成員HomeRouter和PING刪除
:%s/田朝陽家用機/server1.example.com/g
http://172.25.45.1/nagios/
cd?/usr/local/nagios/libexec ./check_disk ./check_disk?-w?20?-c?10 ./check_disk?-w?20?-c?10?-p?/
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vim?services.cfg添加以下內容：
max_check_attempts ?????????????2
http://172.25.45.1/nagios/
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【server2】
yum?install?-y?mysql-server /etc/init.d/mysqld?start mysql_secure_installation?mysql?-p mysql>?create?database?nagdb; mysql>?grant?select?on?nagdb.*?to?nagios@'172.25.45.1'?identified?by?'westos'; mysql>?quit
【server1】
cd?/usr/local/nagios/libexec ./check_mysql?-H?172.25.45.2?-u?nagios?-p?westos?
將serevr2的mysql服務關閉
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cd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects vim?commands.cfg在212行后添上以下內容：
# 'check_mysql' command definition
define command{
????????command_name ???check_mysql
????????command_line ???$USER1$/check_mysql -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -u $ARG1$ -p $ARG2$
????????}
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vim?services.cfg在最后添上以下內容：
#######################check_mysql
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define service{
????????use ????????????????????????????local-service ????????
????????host_name ??????????????????????server2.example.com
????????service_description ????????????MYSQL
????????check_command ??????????????????check_mysql!nagios!westos
????????}
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vim?hosts.cfg在上面host下再添加一個host，內容如下：
define host{
????????use ????????????????????linux-server
????????host_name ??????????????server2.example.com
????????alias ??????????????????Manager
# ??????parents ????????????????MainSwitch
????????address ????????????????172.25.45.2
????????icon_p_w_picpath ?????????????server.gif
????????statusmap_p_w_picpath ????????server.gd2
????????2d_coords ??????????????400,100
????????3d_coords ??????????????400,100,100
????????}
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reloadhttp://172.25.45.1/nagios/
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###添加連線
vim?hosts.cfg將alias的值改為server2
將parents的注釋取消，并將值改為server1.example.com
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reloadhttp://172.25.45.1/nagios/
此時HTTP的告警狀態是因為沒有index.html頁面，在/var/www/html下建立一個index.html文件就可以解決HTTP告警問題
3.安裝nrpe
【server2】
所需軟件包：nrpe-2.15.tar.gz nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz
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tar?zxf?nrpe-2.15.tar.gz tar?zxf?nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gzuseradd?-M?-d?/usr/local/nagios?nagios cd?nagios-plugins-2.1.1 ./configure出現以下錯誤，是因為缺少軟件，下載gcc可解決
[root@server2 nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether to disable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/root/nagios-plugins-2.1.1':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details.
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yum?install?openssl-devel?-y./configure##這里不需要--with-mysql，可以不安裝
將15行的only_from改為172.25.45.1
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vim?/etc/services添加以下內容：
nrpe ???????????5666/tcp
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/etc/init.d/xinetd?start netstat?-antlpe?
vim?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg修改221行，改為以下內容：
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /
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【server1】
cd?/usr/local/nagios/libexec/ chown?nagios.nagios?check_nrpe ./check_nrpe?-H?172.25.45.2 ./check_nrpe?-H?172.25.45.2?-c?check_disk測試：
在server2將/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg修改，將command[check_disk] -w 改為90%,并重啟服務
./check_nrpe -H 172.25.45.2 -c check_disk
將server2的/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg文件恢復上一步之前，并重啟服務。
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【server1】
cd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects vim?commands.cfg在# 'check_mysql' command definition這一段下添加以下內容：
# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
????????command_name ???check_nrpe
????????command_line ???$USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
????????}
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vim?services.cfg在最后添上以下內容：
#######################check_nrpe
define service{
????????use ????????????????????????????local-service ????????; Name of service template to use
????????host_name ??????????????????????server2.example.com
????????service_description ????????????根分區
????????check_command ??????????????????check_nrpe!check_disk
????????}
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define service{
????????use ????????????????????????????local-service ????????; Name of service template to use
????????host_name ??????????????????????server2.example.com
????????service_description ????????????登錄用戶數
????????check_command ??????????????????check_nrpe!check_users
????????}
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reloadhttp://172.25.45.1/nagios/
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4.虛擬機連網
ip?addr?add?172.25.254.101/24?dev?eth0 ip?addr?showip?route?show route?-n ping?172.25.254.45 route?del?default?gw?172.25.45.250 route?add?default?gw?172.25.254.45 route?-nvim?/etc/resolv.conf測試網絡是否連通
dig?baidu.com ping?baidu.com已連網
在家里用無限上網，也可以用NAT的方式進行虛擬機連網，網絡配置選擇DHCP分配網絡
可以看到本地發送郵件的地址。
登錄郵箱，進行設置。在反垃圾處設置郵件地址白名單：nagios@server1.example.com
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【server1】
yum?install?mail?-ysu?-?nagios mail?wjl19940429@qq.com?
cd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects vim?contacts.cfg修改35行email的值為自己的郵箱
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【server2】
/etc/init.d/mysqld?stop?
【server1】
vim?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg修改186行max_check_attempts的值為3
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reload為了盡快測試，將檢測次數減少一些?
##110云告警##
所需軟件包：alert-agent-4.1.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
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-bash-4.1$?cd?plugin/nagios-plugin/ -bash-4.1$?cp?nagios?/usr/local/nagios/libexec/ -bash-4.1$?cp?110monitor.cfg?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/在110云告警頁面選擇配置，添加應用云告警
復制下key
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cd?/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects vim?110monitor.cfg將復制下的key粘貼在18行，paper后
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vim?contacts.cfg在54行members后添加110monitor
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cd?.. vim?nagios.cfg在35行之后添加cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/110monitor.cfg
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios?-v?/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg /etc/init.d/nagios?reload網頁進行下一步，完成配置。
選擇通知策略，進行配置
例如
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【server2】
/etc/init.d/mysqld?stop【server1】
cd?/usr/local/nagios/var tail?-f?nagios.log?
/etc/init.d/nagios?reload缺云告警成功示例截圖
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/wjl19940429/1788414
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