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Python 发送邮件 email 模块、smtplib 模块

發(fā)布時間：2024/1/1 python 39 豆豆

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____tz_zs

SMTP

email 模塊：負(fù)則構(gòu)造郵件
smtplib 模塊：負(fù)則發(fā)送郵件

一、發(fā)送純文本郵件

from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText import re import smtplib# 發(fā)送者、接收者 from_addr = 'xxxname@yyy.cn' password = 'zzz' to_addrs = 'xxxxto@foxmail.com' # 服務(wù)器、端口 smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' # SMTP 服務(wù)器主機 smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服務(wù)器端口號# 創(chuàng)建 SMTP 對象 smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)#創(chuàng)建 MIMEText 對象 msg = MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8") # _text="郵件內(nèi)容" msg["Subject"] = Header(s="The title", charset="utf-8") # 標(biāo)題 msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 發(fā)送者 msg["To"] = Header(s=to_addrs) # 接收者 print(msg.as_string()) """ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Subject: =?utf-8?q?The_title?= From: xxxname@yyy.cn To: xxxx@foxmail.comTXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE= """# 使用 SMTP 對象登錄、發(fā)送郵件 smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password) smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit()

MIMEText 對象

MIMEText 類是 MIMENonMultipart 類的子類，用于生成文本類型的郵件。郵件由標(biāo)題，發(fā)信人，收件人，郵件內(nèi)容，附件等構(gòu)成。
MIMEText(_text=“My email content, hello！”, _subtype=“plain”, _charset=“utf-8”)
參數(shù)：

_text="" 為郵件內(nèi)容
_subtype=“plain” 設(shè)置文本格式。默認(rèn)為普通（plain）
_charset=“utf-8” 設(shè)置字符編碼格式，默認(rèn)為 us-ascii。從源碼可看出，當(dāng) _test 中包含 ascii 之外的字符，則將使用 utf-8 編碼

MIMENonMultipart源碼:
由源碼可知，此類及其子類不能調(diào)用 attach 函數(shù)添加額外的 part。
MIMENonMultipart 的子類有：

MIMEImage: generating image/* type MIME documents.
MIMEAudio: generating audio/* MIME documents.
MIMEApplication: generating application/* MIME documents.
MIMEMessage: representing message/* MIME documents.
MIMEText: generating text/* type MIME documents.

class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart):"""Class for generating text/* type MIME documents."""def __init__(self, _text, _subtype='plain', _charset=None):"""Create a text/* type MIME document._text is the string for this message object._subtype is the MIME sub content type, defaulting to "plain"._charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Typeheader. This defaults to "us-ascii". Note that as a side-effect, theContent-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set."""# If no _charset was specified, check to see if there are non-ascii# characters present. If not, use 'us-ascii', otherwise use utf-8.# XXX: This can be removed once #7304 is fixed.if _charset is None:try:_text.encode('us-ascii')_charset = 'us-ascii'except UnicodeEncodeError:_charset = 'utf-8'if isinstance(_charset, Charset):_charset = str(_charset)MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'text', _subtype,**{'charset': _charset})self.set_payload(_text, _charset)class MIMENonMultipart(MIMEBase):"""Base class for MIME non-multipart type messages."""def attach(self, payload):# The public API prohibits attaching multiple subparts to MIMEBase# derived subtypes since none of them are, by definition, of content# type multipart/*raise errors.MultipartConversionError('Cannot attach additional subparts to non-multipart/*')

sendmail()函數(shù)

sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])
參數(shù)：
from_addr: 發(fā)出郵件的地址
to_addrs: 一個list，包括要發(fā)送郵件的郵箱地址。也可以是一個字符串，這時會被當(dāng)成長度為1的list。
msg: 消息

二、發(fā)送HTML郵件

只需在創(chuàng)建 MIMEText 時，將 _subtype 設(shè)置為 “html”，則可發(fā)送 html 格式的郵件，其他步驟和發(fā)送純文本郵件一致。

如果要同時發(fā)送郵件給多個目標(biāo)郵箱，只需使用 list 包裹多個郵箱地址即可。需要注意的是，郵件的 “To” 字段部分需要的是字符串。

# 發(fā)送者、接收者 from_addr = 'xxxuser@yyy.cn' password = 'xxxpassword' # to_addrs = "zzz@gmail.com" to_addrs = 'zzz@foxmail.com'# 創(chuàng)建 SMTP 對象 smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' # SMTP 服務(wù)器主機 smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服務(wù)器端口號 smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)str = """ <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">html 標(biāo)題</h1><p>正文</p><br><a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" title="點擊跳轉(zhuǎn)到百度">一個超鏈接</a><br></body> </html> """msg = MIMEText(_text=str, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8") # _text="郵件內(nèi)容" msg["Subject"] = Header(s="發(fā)送 html 郵件", charset="utf-8") # 標(biāo)題 msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 發(fā)送者 msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者 print(msg.as_string()) """ Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCBIGh0bWwg6YKu5Lu2?= From: xxxuser@yyy.cn To: yyy@foxmail.com; yyy@gmail.comCjxodG1sPgogICAgPGhlYWQ+CiAgICAgICAgPG1ldGEgY2hhcnNldD0iVVRGLTgiPgogICAgPC9o ZWFkPgogICAgPGJvZHk+CiAgICA8aDEgYWxpZ249ImNlbnRlciI+aHRtbCDmoIfpopg8L2gxPgog ICAgPHA+5q2j5paHPC9wPgogICAgPGJyPgogICAgPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFpZHUu Y29tLyIgdGFyZ2V0PSJfYmxhbmsiIHRpdGxlPSLngrnlh7vot7PovazliLDnmb7luqYiPuS4gOS4 qui2hemTvuaOpTwvYT4KICAgIDxicj4KICAgIDwvYm9keT4KPC9odG1sPgo= """# 使用 SMTP 對象發(fā)送郵件 smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password) smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit()

三、發(fā)送帶附件的郵件

#!/usr/bin/python2.7 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-""" @author: tz_zs """from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart import smtplib# 發(fā)送者、接收者 from_addr = 'xxxsend@yyy.cn' password = '12345678' to_addrs = ['zzz@foxmail.com', 'zzz@gmail.com']# 創(chuàng)建 SMTP 對象 smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' # SMTP 服務(wù)器主機 smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服務(wù)器端口號 smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)str = """ <html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">html 標(biāo)題</h1><p>正文</p><br><a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" title="點擊跳轉(zhuǎn)到百度">一個超鏈接</a><br></body> </html> """msg = MIMEMultipart() msg["Subject"] = Header(s="發(fā)送帶附件的郵件", charset="utf-8") # 標(biāo)題 msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 發(fā)送者 msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者# 郵件正文 msg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8"))# 附件1 file_path = 'test.xls' att1 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8") att1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream" att1["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path # filename 可以任意寫，寫什么名字，郵件中顯示什么名字。但是不要寫中文 msg.attach(payload=att1)# 附件2 file_path2 = 'a.png' att2 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path2, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8") att2["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream" att2["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path2 # filename 可以任意寫，寫什么名字，郵件中顯示什么名字。但是不要寫中文 msg.attach(payload=att2)print(msg.as_string()) """ Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============0753960931152521813==" MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCB5bim6ZmE5Lu255qE6YKu5Lu2?= From: xxxsend@yyy.cn To: zzz@foxmail.com; zzz@gmail.com--===============0753960931152521813== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64TXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE=--===============0753960931152521813== Content-Type: text/base64; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=test.xls...... ...... ...... """# 使用 SMTP 對象發(fā)送郵件 smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password) smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string()) smtp_obj.quit()

四、發(fā)送帶圖片展示的郵件

def send_img_mail(self):"""用于發(fā)送帶圖片的郵件"""# 發(fā)送者、接收者from_addr = 'xxx@yyy.cn'password = 'xyz'to_addrs = ["bbb@yyy.cn", "jjj@yyy.cn", "ccc@yyy.cn", ]# 創(chuàng)建 SMTP 對象smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' # SMTP 服務(wù)器主機smtp_port = 465 # SMTP 服務(wù)器端口號smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)msg = MIMEMultipart()msg["Subject"] = Header(s="發(fā)送帶圖片顯示的郵件", charset="utf-8") # 標(biāo)題msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr) # 發(fā)送者msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs)) # 接收者# 郵件正文message = """<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><h1 align="center">狀態(tài)監(jiān)控</h1><b>本郵件發(fā)送時間： %s</b><br><b>狀態(tài)報告： %s</b><h3>走勢：</h3><p><img src="cid:image1"></p></body></html>""" % (ToolDate.get_ymdhms_string(), self.df.to_html())# 創(chuàng)建 MIMEText ，并加入msgmsg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text=message, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8"))# 加載圖片內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)建 MIMEImagefp = open(self.path_output_open + "zusd_value_portfolio.png", 'rb')msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())fp.close()# 定義圖片 ID，與 HTML 文本中的引用id一致msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')# 加入msgmsg.attach(msgImage)# 使用 SMTP 對象發(fā)送郵件smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())smtp_obj.quit()

五、參考：

http://www.runoob.com/python/python-email.html

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