WSO2 WSF/CPP--WSDL简介
wsdl(網絡服務描述語言,Web Services Description Language)是一門基于XML的語言,用于描述Web Services以及如何對它進行訪問。
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wsdl由六個部分組成,都在<definitions>根節點之下
| 元素 | 定義 |
| <portType> | Web service的抽象接口,類似于一個在java或c#中定義的接口。如果你想快速理解一個web service所提供的功能,看這個部分的內容即可。 |
| <message> | Web service所使用的消息。 |
| <types> | Web service所需要使用到的數據類型,這些數據類型用xml schema元素列表示 |
| <binding> | 描述了portType如何被映射到具體的數據格式或協議 |
| <port> | 描述服務的端點(endpoint)的部署信息,簡單的說,就是描述了可以找到此服務的url |
| <service> | 是一個port元素的集合,通過它,可以指定一個web service在多個端點上發布 |
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一個wsdl文檔的主要結構是類似這樣的:
<definitions>
? <types>
??? definition of types...
? </types>
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? <message>
??? definition of message...
? </message>
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? <portType>
??? definition of port...
? </portType>
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? <binding>
??? definition of binding...
? </binding>
? <service>
??? <port>...</port>
??? <port>...</port>
? </service>
</definitions>
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1.1 命名空間
命名空間是用于分類和歸類XML文檔中的元素、數據類型以及屬性名的一種方法。XML命名空間類似于java的package和c#的namespace關鍵字,用于解決命名沖突。舉例如下
<!--shipping.xsd-->
<complexType name="Address">
<sequence>
<element name="street" type="string" minOccurs="1"/>
<element name="city" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="state" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="zipCode" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
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<!--customer.xsd-->
<complexType name="Address">
<sequence>
<element name="street1" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="street2" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="street3" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="city" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="state" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
<element name="zipCode" type="string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
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<!--order.wsdl-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wsdl:definitions
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap"
xmlns:tns="http://www.alsb.com/sample"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="Sample"
xmlns:shp="http://www.alsb.com/shipping"
xmlns:customer="http://www.alsb.com/customer"
targetNamespace="http://www.alsb.com/order/">
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<wsdl:types>
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://www.alsb.com/customer">
<xsd:element name="CustomerAddress" type="customer:Address"></xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="ShippingAddress" type="shp:Address"></xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
</wsdl:types>
</wsdl:definitions>
從上面的例子可以看出,為了使“Address”不沖突,引入了命名空間來加以區分。
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1.2 <types>
wsdl使用xml schema來定義數據類型。Xml schema提供了相當多的本地數據類型(string, integer, date, time...);例如聲明一個string類型的對象,可以這樣做:
<element name="MyString" type="string"/>
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可以通過本地數據類型來組合自定義一些復雜數據類型,如前一節提到的兩個Address數據類型定義。minOccurs規定一個元素在sequence中出現的最小次數,如果為0表示該元素的出現是可選的;maxOccours是對minOccurs的一個補充,指定元素在sequence中出現的最大次數,maxOccours的值必須大于0,或者設為unbound。
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當需要使用外部定義好的xml schema,需要先導入到當前wsdl文檔中。例如前一節提到的,將shipping.xsd和customer.xsd導入到order.wsdl中需要如下的語句:
<xs:import namespace="http://www.alsb.com/customer" shcemaLocation="customer.xsd" />
<xs:import namespace="http://www.alsb.com/shipping" shcemaLocation="shipping.xsd" />
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1.3 <message>
消息(message)描述了輸入、輸出以及錯誤信息的基本形式。消息是由一個或多個<part>元素組成的,這些<part>元素描述了<message>的成分。
<wsdl:message>
<wsdl:part element="tns:getCustomerResponse" name="customer"/>
</wsdl:message>
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1.4 <portType>
wsdl的portType部分描述了web service的抽象接口。在wsdl中,這個部分可以類比為java的抽象接口,因為它從更高層次定義了操控服務的方法(即需要什么參數,以及返回什么結果)。
<portType>元素是由多個<operation>元素組成的。這些<operation>則是由一些對應的<message>元素的<input>和<output>元素組成。<operation>元素可能包含<fault>元素,以用于顯示操作中可能拋出的soap錯誤。
<wsdl:portType name="CustomerPortType">
<wsdl:operation name="findCustomer">
<wsdl:input message="tns:findCustomer" />
<wsdl:output message="tns:findCustomerResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
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1.5 <binding>
<binding>用于定義<portType>(即web service的抽象接口)如何被綁定到一個傳輸協議和一個編碼(encoding)配置上。一個單獨的<portType>可以被綁定到多個由transport和encoding shcema組合配置上。
<wsdl:bingding name="CustomerServiceSoap" type="tns:CustomerPortType">
<soap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
<wsdl:operation name="findCustomer">
<soap:operation soapAction="" style="document" />
<wsdl:input>
<soap:body parts="findCustomer" use="literal"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body parts="findCustomerResponse" use="literal" />
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
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1.6 <service>
一個服務<service>簡單來說就是一組<port>元素的集合。一個wsdl可能包括了多個<service>定義,每一個定義對應web service所支持的不同binding類型。
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1.7 <port>
<port>描述了binding的物理位置。
<wsdl:service name="CustomerService">
<wsdl:port binding="tns:CustomerServiceSoap" name="CustomerServiceSoap">
<soap:address location="http://server1:7001/customer/CustomerService" />
<soap:address location="http://server2:7001/customer/CustomerService" />
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
上面的例子顯示了一個web service的例子,它存在于兩個不同的端點上。端點(Endpoint)簡單來說就是一個指向某個服務所在物理位置的URI。
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1.8 兩個完整的例子
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- hello.wsdl -->
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://192.168.34.41:9090/axis2/services/hello"
xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap"
xmlns:impl="http://192.168.34.41:9090/axis2/services/hello"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!-- 定義了兩個數據類型作為greetX的輸入參數和輸出參數 -->
<wsdl:types>
<schema elementFormDefault="qualified"
targetNamespace="http://192.168.34.41:9090/axis2/services/hello"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap"
xmlns:impl="http://192.168.34.41:9090/axis2/services/hello"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">
<element name="greetRequest">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="greetInput" type="xsd:string" />
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
<element name="greetResponse">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="greetReturn" type="xsd:string" />
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
</schema>
</wsdl:types>
<!-- 使用上面定義的數據類型,為每一個接口方法定義了輸入輸出消息 -->
<wsdl:message name="greetResponse1">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetResponse" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="greetRequest1">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetRequest" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="greetResponse2">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetResponse" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="greetRequest2">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetRequest" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="greetResponse3">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetResponse" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="greetRequest3">
<wsdl:part element="impl:greetRequest" name="parameters" />
</wsdl:message>
<!-- 定義接口,指定接口名稱、使用的輸入輸出消息 -->
<wsdl:portType name="hello">
<wsdl:operation name="greet1">
<wsdl:input message="impl:greetRequest1" name="greetRequest1" />
<wsdl:output message="impl:greetResponse1" name="greetResponse1" />
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="greet2">
<wsdl:input message="impl:greetRequest2" name="greetRequest2" />
<wsdl:output message="impl:greetResponse2" name="greetResponse2" />
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="greet3">
<wsdl:input message="impl:greetRequest3" name="greetRequest3" />
<wsdl:output message="impl:greetResponse3" name="greetResponse3" />
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<!-- 指定傳輸協議和編碼 -->
<wsdl:binding name="HelloSoapBinding" type="impl:hello">
<wsdlsoap:binding style="document"
transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
<wsdl:operation name="greet1">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="hello#greet1" />
<wsdl:input name="greetRequest1">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="greetResponse1">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="greet2">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="hello#greet2" />
<wsdl:input name="greetRequest2">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="greetResponse2">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="greet3">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="hello#greet3" />
<wsdl:input name="greetRequest3">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="greetResponse3">
<wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<!-- 定義服務 -->
<wsdl:service name="hello">
<wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloSoapBinding" name="hello">
<wsdlsoap:address location="http://192.168.34.41:9090/axis2/services/hello" />
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- PersonInfoService.wsdl -->
<wsdl:definitions
? xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
? xmlns:ns1="http://org.apache.axis2/xsd"
? xmlns:ns="http://samples.esb.wso2.org"
? xmlns:wsaw="http://www.w3.org/2006/05/addressing/wsdl"
? xmlns:http="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/"
? xmlns:ax21="http://samples.esb.wso2.org/xsd"
? xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
? xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
? xmlns:mime="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/"
? xmlns:soap12="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap12/"
? targetNamespace="http://samples.esb.wso2.org">
? <wsdl:documentation>PersonInfoService</wsdl:documentation>
? <wsdl:types>
??? <xs:schema xmlns:ax22="http://samples.esb.wso2.org/xsd" attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://samples.esb.wso2.org">
????? <xs:import namespace="http://samples.esb.wso2.org/xsd" />
????? <xs:element name="get">
??????? <xs:complexType>
????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="id" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
????????? </xs:sequence>
??????? </xs:complexType>
????? </xs:element>
????? <xs:element name="getResponse">
??????? <xs:complexType>
????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" nillable="true" type="ax21:PersonInfo" />
????????? </xs:sequence>
??????? </xs:complexType>
????? </xs:element>
??? </xs:schema>
??? <xs:schema attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://samples.esb.wso2.org/xsd">
????? <xs:complexType name="PersonInfo">
??????? <xs:sequence>
????????? <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="address" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
????????? <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="id" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
????????? <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="name" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
??????? </xs:sequence>
????? </xs:complexType>
??? </xs:schema>
? </wsdl:types>
? <wsdl:message name="getRequest">
??? <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:get" />
? </wsdl:message>
? <wsdl:message name="getResponse">
??? <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:getResponse" />
? </wsdl:message>
? <wsdl:portType name="PersonInfoServicePortType">
??? <wsdl:operation name="get">
????? <wsdl:input message="ns:getRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:get" />
????? <wsdl:output message="ns:getResponse" wsaw:Action="urn:getResponse" />
??? </wsdl:operation>
? </wsdl:portType>
? <wsdl:binding name="PersonInfoServiceSoap11Binding" type="ns:PersonInfoServicePortType">
??? <soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document" />
??? <wsdl:operation name="get">
????? <soap:operation soapAction="urn:get" style="document" />
????? <wsdl:input>
??????? <soap:body use="literal" />
????? </wsdl:input>
????? <wsdl:output>
??????? <soap:body use="literal" />
????? </wsdl:output>
??? </wsdl:operation>
? </wsdl:binding>
? <wsdl:binding name="PersonInfoServiceSoap12Binding" type="ns:PersonInfoServicePortType">
??? <soap12:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" style="document" />
??? <wsdl:operation name="get">
????? <soap12:operation soapAction="urn:get" style="document" />
????? <wsdl:input>
??????? <soap12:body use="literal" />
????? </wsdl:input>
????? <wsdl:output>
??????? <soap12:body use="literal" />
????? </wsdl:output>
??? </wsdl:operation>
? </wsdl:binding>
? <wsdl:binding name="PersonInfoServiceHttpBinding" type="ns:PersonInfoServicePortType">
??? <http:binding verb="POST" />
??? <wsdl:operation name="get">
????? <http:operation location="get" />
????? <wsdl:input>
??????? <mime:content type="text/xml" part="parameters" />
????? </wsdl:input>
????? <wsdl:output>
??????? <mime:content type="text/xml" part="parameters" />
????? </wsdl:output>
??? </wsdl:operation>
? </wsdl:binding>
? <wsdl:service name="PersonInfoService">
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpsSoap11Endpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceSoap11Binding">
????? <soap:address location="https://10.215.26.81:9443/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpsSoap11Endpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpSoap11Endpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceSoap11Binding">
????? <soap:address location="http://10.215.26.81:9763/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpSoap11Endpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpSoap12Endpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceSoap12Binding">
????? <soap12:address location="http://10.215.26.81:9763/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpSoap12Endpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpsSoap12Endpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceSoap12Binding">
????? <soap12:address location="https://10.215.26.81:9443/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpsSoap12Endpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpsEndpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceHttpBinding">
????? <http:address location="https://10.215.26.81:9443/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpsEndpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
??? <wsdl:port name="PersonInfoServiceHttpEndpoint" binding="ns:PersonInfoServiceHttpBinding">
????? <http:address location="http://10.215.26.81:9763/services/PersonInfoService.PersonInfoServiceHttpEndpoint/" />
??? </wsdl:port>
? </wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/seamancode/archive/2011/07/29/wsdl.html
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