《STM32從零開始學習歷程》@EnzoReventon

SPI讀寫FLASH

相關鏈接：
SPI物理層及FLASH芯片介紹
SPI協(xié)議層
SPI特性及架構

參考資料：
[野火EmbedFire]《STM32庫開發(fā)實戰(zhàn)指南——基于野火霸天虎開發(fā)板》
[正點原子]STM32F4開發(fā)指南-庫函數(shù)版本_V1.2
[ST]《STM32F4xx中文參考手冊》
SPI協(xié)議及總線協(xié)議介紹
W25Q128產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)手冊

1 實現(xiàn)功能

• 實現(xiàn)對FLASH一扇區(qū)的擦除
• 對該FLASH扇區(qū)寫入數(shù)據(jù)，并讀取該數(shù)據(jù)，通過串口調試助手進行調試觀察
• 寫入256個數(shù)據(jù)，并讀取寫入的數(shù)據(jù)以及其余未寫入的數(shù)據(jù)。
• 對該扇區(qū)所有數(shù)據(jù)都寫入。

2 硬件設計

本文使用的外設為SPI1（正點原子F4探索者開發(fā)板）、FLASH以及USART1。
USART用來調試程序，我們還是使用USART1，因此將PB9，PB10與TX，RX相連接即可。

查閱正點原子F4探索者開發(fā)板硬件手冊，了解SPI引腳與GPIO的對應情況。


由上圖可以看出：SPI的SCK，MISO，MOSI分別與芯片的PB3，PB4，PB5連接，片選信號F_CS與PB14相連接，因此在后面程序配置的時候需要注意不能配置錯引腳。

3 軟件設計流程

① 使能SPIx和IO口時鐘
RCC_AHBxPeriphClockCmd() / RCC_APBxPeriphClockCmd();
② 初始化IO口為復用功能
void GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct);
③ 設置引腳復用映射：
GPIO_PinAFConfig();
② 初始化SPIx,設置SPIx工作模式
void SPI_Init(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, SPI_InitTypeDef* SPI_InitStruct);
③ 使能SPIx
void SPI_Cmd(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, FunctionalState NewState);
④ 編寫字節(jié)發(fā)送函數(shù)：uint8_t SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(uint8_t data)

發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)（指令）：void SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx, uint16_t Data);

接收返回的數(shù)據(jù)：uint16_t SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI_TypeDef* SPIx) ;

⑤ 編寫擦除扇區(qū)函數(shù)：void SPI_FLASH_Erase_Sector(uint32_t addr)；

⑥ 編寫寫入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)：void SPI_FLASH_Page_Write(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size)；
⑦ 編寫讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)：void SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size)；
⑧ 查看SPI傳輸狀態(tài)
SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI2, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE);

⑨ 編寫SPI發(fā)送函數(shù)
控制片選引腳：GPIO_ResetBits（）、GPIO_SetBits（）；
⑩ 主函數(shù)調用，優(yōu)化程序（超時函數(shù)、宏定義、等待空閑函數(shù)、寫使能函數(shù)）

4 代碼分析

• 宏定義

這里大家可以按照自己的需求以及編程習慣進行定義，宏定義的好處在于便于程序的移植，方便改動程序。

/*命令定義-開頭*/ #define W25X_WriteEnable 0x06 #define W25X_WriteDisable 0x04 #define W25X_ReadStatusReg 0x05 #define W25X_WriteStatusReg 0x01 #define W25X_ReadData 0x03 #define W25X_FastReadData 0x0B #define W25X_FastReadDual 0x3B #define W25X_PageProgram 0x02 #define W25X_BlockErase 0xD8 #define W25X_SectorErase 0x20 #define W25X_ChipErase 0xC7 #define W25X_PowerDown 0xB9 #define W25X_ReleasePowerDown 0xAB #define W25X_DeviceID 0xAB #define W25X_ManufactDeviceID 0x90 #define W25X_JedecDeviceID 0x9F /*SPI GPIO 接口*/ #define FLASH_SPI SPI1 #define FLASH_SPI_CLK RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1 #define FLASH_SPI_CLK_INIT RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd#define FLASH_SPI_SCK_PIN GPIO_Pin_3 #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO_CLK RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_SOURCE GPIO_PinSource3 #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_AF GPIO_AF_SPI1#define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PIN GPIO_Pin_5 #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_CLK RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_SOURCE GPIO_PinSource5 #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_AF GPIO_AF_SPI1#define FLASH_SPI_MISO_PIN GPIO_Pin_4 #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_GPIO_CLK RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_SOURCE GPIO_PinSource4 #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_AF GPIO_AF_SPI1#define FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN GPIO_Pin_14 #define FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_PORT GPIOB #define FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_CLK RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB#define FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW() GPIO_ResetBits(FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_PORT,FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN) #define FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH() GPIO_SetBits(FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_PORT,FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN)/*等待超時時間*/ #define SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)0x1000) #define SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)(10 * SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT))

• 函數(shù)申明

/*函數(shù)申明*/static void SPI_GPIO_Config(void); //引腳初始化函數(shù) void SPI_Mode_Config(void); //SPI模式初始化函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Init(void); //SPI FLASH外設初始化調用函數(shù) uint8_t SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(uint8_t data); //字節(jié)寫入函數(shù) uint8_t SPI_FLASH_Read_ID(void); //SPI讀取FLASH ID函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Erase_Sector(uint32_t addr); //FLASH擦除函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable(void); //SPI寫使能函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby(void); //SPI等待直到空閑函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size); //SPI連續(xù)讀函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Write_Buff(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size); //SPI連續(xù)寫函數(shù) void SPI_FLASH_Page_Write(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size); //SPI頁寫入函數(shù)

SPI子函數(shù)：

• 靜態(tài)函數(shù)申明：

//申明超時變量 static uint32_t SPITimeOut = ((uint32_t)(10 * SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT));//申明錯誤代碼返回函數(shù) static uint32_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode);

• SPI GPIO初始化 復用函數(shù)

/* ================================================ SPI GPIO初始化 復用函數(shù) ================================================ */ static void SPI_GPIO_Config(void) {GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; FLASH_SPI_CLK_INIT(FLASH_SPI_CLK, ENABLE); //使能SPI時鐘RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd（RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1）/* 使能 FLASH_SPI 及GPIO 時鐘 *//*!< SPI_FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO, SPI_FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO, SPI_FLASH_SPI_MISO_GPIO,SPI_FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO 時鐘使能 */RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO_CLK | FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_CLK|FLASH_SPI_MISO_GPIO_CLK|FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_CLK, ENABLE); //初始化GPIO時鐘//查看引腳，初始化SCK,MOSI,MISO,CS引腳GPIO//設置引腳復用GPIO_PinAFConfig(FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO_PORT, FLASH_SPI_SCK_SOURCE, FLASH_SPI_SCK_AF);GPIO_PinAFConfig(FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_PORT, FLASH_SPI_MOSI_SOURCE, FLASH_SPI_MOSI_AF); GPIO_PinAFConfig(FLASH_SPI_MISO_GPIO_PORT, FLASH_SPI_MISO_SOURCE, FLASH_SPI_MISO_AF);/*!< 配置 SPI_FLASH_SPI 引腳: SCK */GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_SCK_PIN;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_SCK_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);/*!< 配置 SPI_FLASH_SPI 引腳: MISO */GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PIN;GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);/*!< 配置 SPI_FLASH_SPI 引腳: MOSI */ GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_MISO_PIN;GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_MOSI_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);/*!< 配置 SPI_FLASH_SPI 引腳: CS */GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_CS_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);}/* ================================================ SPI 初始化結構體初始化 ================================================ */ void SPI_Mode_Config(void) {/*!< 初始化SPI結構體函數(shù) */SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler=SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_2;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA=SPI_CPHA_1Edge;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL=SPI_CPOL_Low;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial=7;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize=SPI_DataSize_8b;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction=SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit=SPI_FirstBit_MSB;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode=SPI_Mode_Master;SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS=SPI_NSS_Soft;SPI_Init(FLASH_SPI,&SPI_InitStructure);SPI_Cmd(FLASH_SPI,ENABLE);}

• SPI FLASH 外設初始化

================================================ SPI FLASH 外設初始化 ================================================ */ void SPI_FLASH_Init(void) {SPI_GPIO_Config(); SPI_Mode_Config(); }

• SPI字節(jié)寫入

/* ================================================ 通過SPI發(fā)送一個字節(jié) 參數(shù)：要寫入的數(shù)據(jù) 返回值：錯誤代碼 ================================================ */ uint8_t SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(uint8_t data) {uint8_t re_data;//等待TXE標志SPITimeOut = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;while(SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus (FLASH_SPI, SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET ){if((SPITimeOut--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(1);} SPI_I2S_SendData(FLASH_SPI, data);//等待RXNE標志 來確認發(fā)送完成，及準備讀取數(shù)據(jù)SPITimeOut = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;while(SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus (FLASH_SPI, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET ){if((SPITimeOut--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(2);} re_data = SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(FLASH_SPI);return re_data; }

• 讀取FLASH ID

/* ================================================ 讀ID0-ID7 ================================================ */uint8_t SPI_FLASH_Read_ID(void) { uint8_t id;//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_ReleasePowerDown);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);//接收讀取到的內容id = SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH();return id;}

• 擦除FLASH扇區(qū)函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 擦除扇區(qū) addr:必須對齊到要擦除的扇區(qū)的首地址 ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Erase_Sector(uint32_t addr) {//寫使能SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_SectorErase);//發(fā)送要擦除的地址SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>16) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>8) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(addr & 0xFF);FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); //等待內部時序完成SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby();}

• 頁寫入函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 寫入數(shù)據(jù) addr:要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的首地址， buf:存儲寫入的數(shù)據(jù)的指針 size:要寫入多少個數(shù)據(jù) 不超過256 ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Page_Write(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size) {//寫使能SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable();//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_PageProgram);//發(fā)送要寫入的地址SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>16) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>8) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(addr & 0xFF);while(size--){SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(*buf);buf++;}FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); //等待內部時序完成SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby();}

• 讀取數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 讀取數(shù)據(jù) addr:要讀取數(shù)據(jù)的首地址， buf:存儲讀取到的數(shù)據(jù)的指針 size:要讀取多少個數(shù)據(jù) ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size) {//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_ReadData);//發(fā)送要讀取的地址SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>16) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>8) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(addr & 0xFF); while(size--){*buf = SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);buf++;}FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); }

• 寫入數(shù)據(jù)，不受256數(shù)據(jù)限制

/* ================================================ 寫入數(shù)據(jù) addr:要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的首地址， buf:要寫入的數(shù)據(jù)的指針 size:要寫入多少個數(shù)據(jù) 不超過256 ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Write_Buff(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t size) {uint32_t count=0;//計算循環(huán)次數(shù)while(size--){count++;//第一次執(zhí)行,第257次,256*2+1,256*3+1,addr對齊到4096時if(count == 1 || (count%256) ==1 || (addr%4096)==0){//結束上一次的頁寫入指令FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); //等待上一次頁寫入的完成SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby();//寫使能，每次寫入前都必須調用SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable(); //控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_PageProgram);//發(fā)送要寫入的地址SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>16) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite((addr>>8) & 0xFF);SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(addr & 0xFF); } SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(*buf);buf++;addr++; }FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); //等待內部時序完成SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby();}

• 寫使能函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 寫使能 ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Write_Enable(void) {//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW();//指令代碼SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_WriteEnable);FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); }

• 等待直到空閑函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 等待直到空閑狀態(tài) ================================================ */void SPI_FLASH_Wait_For_Standby(void) {uint8_t status ;//控制片選引腳FLASH_SPI_CS_LOW(); //指令代碼 0x05 檢測讀取標志位SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(W25X_ReadStatusReg);SPITimeOut = SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT;while(1){status = SPI_FLASH_ByteWrite(0xFF);//如果條件成立，說明為空閑狀態(tài)if((status & 0x01) == 0) break;//若SPITimeout為0，表示已檢測SPITimeout次都仍為忙碌，跳出循環(huán)if((SPITimeOut--)==0){SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(3);break;}} FLASH_SPI_CS_HIGH(); }

• 錯誤代碼 返回函數(shù)

/* ================================================ 錯誤代碼返回函數(shù) 參數(shù)：寫如的錯誤代碼 返回值：錯誤代碼 ================================================ */ static uint32_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode) {/* Block communication and all processes */printf("\r\nSPI 等待超時!errorCode = %d\r\n",errorCode);return errorCode; }

主函數(shù)

uint8_t read_buff[4096] = {0};uint8_t write_buff[4096] = {0};int main(void) {int i = 0;NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //設置系統(tǒng)中斷優(yōu)先級分組2delay_init(168); //延時初始化 uart_init(115200); //串口初始化波特率為115200LED_Init(); //初始化與LED連接的硬件接口 SPI_FLASH_Init();printf("\r\n=======================================\r\n");printf("this is id : 0x%x",SPI_FLASH_Read_ID());printf("\r\n擦除開始");//擦除測試SPI_FLASH_Erase_Sector(4096*0);//擦除測試SPI_FLASH_Erase_Sector(4096*1); printf("\r\n擦除完成");SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(0,read_buff,4096);for(i=0;i<4096;i++){//若不等于0xFF，說明擦除不成功if(read_buff[i] != 0xFF){printf("\r\n擦除失敗");} }printf("\r\n擦除完成");//初始化要寫入的數(shù)據(jù)for(i=0;i<256;i++){write_buff[i] = i;}printf("\r\n開始寫入");SPI_FLASH_Write_Buff(0,write_buff,256); //寫入數(shù)據(jù) 0為扇區(qū)首地址 write_buff為數(shù)據(jù)地址，256為寫入數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)量printf("\r\n寫入完成");SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(0,write_buff,4096);printf("\r\n讀取到的數(shù)據(jù):\r\n");for(i=0;i<4096;i++) //循環(huán)打印輸出{printf("0x%02x ",write_buff[i]);}while (1){ } }

5 效果展示

寫入256個數(shù)據(jù)。

可以看到前256個數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)被寫入為我們想要寫入的數(shù)據(jù)了，其余數(shù)據(jù)均為擦除后的0xFF。

對整個扇區(qū)寫入數(shù)據(jù)。
修改主函數(shù)部分參數(shù)。

//初始化要寫入的數(shù)據(jù)for(i=0;i<4096;i++){write_buff[i] = i;}printf("\r\n開始寫入");SPI_FLASH_Write_Buff(0,write_buff,4096);printf("\r\n寫入完成");SPI_FLASH_Read_Buff(0,write_buff,4096);printf("\r\n讀取到的數(shù)據(jù):\r\n");for(i=0;i<4096;i++){printf("0x%02x ",write_buff[i]);}

可以看出整個扇區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)都被寫入。

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