第三十六章 数词、日期和度量衡
348 基數(shù)詞(形容詞及代詞)
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1 one???????????????????? 21 twenty-one
2 two???????????????????? 22 twenty-two
3 three?????????????????? 23 twenty-three
4 four??????????????????? 24 twenty-four
5 five???????????????????? 25 twenty-five
6 six????????????????????? 26 twenty-six
7 seven????????????????? 27 twenty-seven
8 eight ????????????????? 28 twenty-eight
9 nine???????????????????? 29 twenty-nine
10 ten??????????????????? 30 thirty
11 eleven??????????????? 31 thirty-one
12 twelve?????????????? 40 forty
13 thirteen????????????? 50 fifty
14 fourteen???????????? 60 sixty
15 fifteen??????????????? 70 seventy
16 sixteen?????????????? 80 eighty
17 seventeen?????????? 90 ninety
18 eighteen???????????? 100 a hundred
19 nineteen???????????? 1,000 a thousand
20 twenty ???????????? 1,000,000 a million
400 four hundred
140 a/one hundred and forty
1,006 a/one thousand and six
5,000 five thousand
260,127 two hundred and sixty thousand,one hundred and twenty-sev- en
348 基數(shù)詞(形容詞及代詞)
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1 one???????????????????? 21 twenty-one
2 two???????????????????? 22 twenty-two
3 three?????????????????? 23 twenty-three
4 four??????????????????? 24 twenty-four
5 five???????????????????? 25 twenty-five
6 six????????????????????? 26 twenty-six
7 seven????????????????? 27 twenty-seven
8 eight ????????????????? 28 twenty-eight
9 nine???????????????????? 29 twenty-nine
10 ten??????????????????? 30 thirty
11 eleven??????????????? 31 thirty-one
12 twelve?????????????? 40 forty
13 thirteen????????????? 50 fifty
14 fourteen???????????? 60 sixty
15 fifteen??????????????? 70 seventy
16 sixteen?????????????? 80 eighty
17 seventeen?????????? 90 ninety
18 eighteen???????????? 100 a hundred
19 nineteen???????????? 1,000 a thousand
20 twenty ???????????? 1,000,000 a million
400 four hundred
140 a/one hundred and forty
1,006 a/one thousand and six
5,000 five thousand
260,127 two hundred and sixty thousand,one hundred and twenty-sev- en
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350 序數(shù)詞(形容詞及代詞)
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first?????????????????????????? fifth
second?????????????????????? sixth
third?????????????????????????? seventh
fourth??????????????????????? eighth
ninth????????????????????????? twenty-fifth
tenth????????????????????????? twenty-sixth
eleventh????????????????????? twenty-seventh
twelfth?????????????????????? twenty-eighth
thirteenth??????????????????? twenty-ninth
fourteenth?????????????????? thirtieth
fifteenth???????????????????? thirty-first
sixteenth???????????????????? fortieth
seventeenth???????????????? fiftieth
eighteenth?????????????????? sixtieth
nineteenth?????????????????? seventieth
twentieth??????????????????? eightieth
twenty-first??????????????? ninetieth
twenty-second??????????? hundredth
twenty-third??????????????? thousandth
twenty-fourth?????????? millionth
在寫或讀分數(shù)時(1/2和1/4除外),我們用基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的組合(即分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞):
(這里a比one更常用)
由一個整數(shù)+一個分數(shù)構(gòu)成的數(shù)后面可直接跟一個名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
加上of:
half a second半秒種(無 a)
a quarter of a second四分之一秒(有 a)
(另參見第2節(jié)E。)
half+of也可使用,但是of可省略:
Half(of) my earnings go in tax.
我掙到的錢有一半要納稅。
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351 序數(shù)詞的幾點注意事項
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A 注意fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth等詞的不規(guī)則拼寫法。B 序數(shù)詞用數(shù)字表示時,需在數(shù)字后面加上書寫形式的最后兩個字母(表示日期時除外):
first=1st
second=2nd
third=3rd
fourth=4th
twenty-first=21st
forty-second=42nd
sixty-third=63rd
eightieth=80th
C 在復(fù)合序數(shù)詞中,and的用法與在基數(shù)詞中的用法相同:
101st=the hundred and first
序數(shù)詞之前通常要用定冠詞the:
the sixtieth day第60天
the fortieth visitor第40位來訪者
國王等的多少“世”,要用羅馬數(shù)字來表示:
Charles Ⅴ查理五世
James Ⅲ詹姆斯三世
Elizabeth Ⅱ伊麗莎白二世
但在口語中用序數(shù)詞時,需在前面加上定冠詞the,讀做:
Charles the Fifth
James the Third
Elizabeth the Second
352日期
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A
上表中括號內(nèi)是簡略形式。
一周的每天和12個月份的名稱的頭一個字母必須要大寫。
日期要用序數(shù)詞來表示,所以在口語中說:
March the tenth/the tenth of March 3月10日
另外,它們有許多種寫法,如March the tenth可寫成:
March 10?????????????? 10 March??????????? 10th of March
March 10th???????????? 10th March????????? March the 10th
B 公元的紀年
在讀或?qū)懝募o年時,用hundred作單位而不用thousand。
1987年可讀做 nineteen hundred and eighty-seven或略去hun- dred而讀做nineteen eighty-seven。
在公元前的紀年后面加BC(=Before Christ基督降生前)。公元以后的紀年有時可以在前面加上AD(=Anno Domini,inthe year of the Lord耶穌紀元或公元)。一般讀法有兩種:1500 BC可讀做one thousand five hundred BC或 fifteen hun- dred BC。
353度量衡
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A 重量單位
英國的重量單位列表如下:
16 ounces(oz.)(盎司,英兩)?? =1 pound(lb.)(磅)
14 pounds(磅)?????????????????????????? =1stone(st.)(石)
8stone(石)???????????????????????????????? =1hundredweight(cwt.)(英擔(dān))
20 hundredweight(英擔(dān))???????????? =1 ton(噸)
1 pound(磅)????????????????????????????? =0.454 kilogram(kg)(公斤)
2.2 pounds(磅)????????????????????????? =1 kilogram(公斤)
2,204.6 lbs(磅)??????????????????????? =1 metric tonne(公噸)
復(fù)數(shù)形式
ounce, pound和ton當(dāng)名詞用時,復(fù)數(shù)形式可加s。但stone和hundredweight的復(fù)數(shù)形式不加s。如我們既可說six poundof sugar,也可說six pounds of sugar(六磅糖)。但是,ten hundredweight of coal(十英擔(dān)煤)只有這一種說法。這些詞作為復(fù)合形容詞的組成部分時不加s:
a ten-ton lorry一輛載重十噸的貨車
kilo或kilogram當(dāng)名詞用時,復(fù)數(shù)形式常加s:
two kilos of apples/two kilograms of apples兩公斤蘋果
B 長度單位
英國的長度單位列表如下:
12 inches(in.)(英寸)??????????????? =1 foot(ft.)(英尺)
3 feet(英尺)?????????????????????????????? =1 yard(yd.)(碼)
1,760 yards(碼)?????????????????????? =1 mile(m.)(英里)
1 inch(英寸)????????????????????????????? =2.54 centimetres(cm)(厘米)
1 yard(碼)????????????????????????????????? =0.914 metre(m)(米)
1 mile(英里)?????????????????????????????? =1.609 kilometres(km)(公里)
復(fù)數(shù)形式不止一英寸/英里/厘米時,通常用它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
one inch一英寸
ten inches十英寸
one mile一英里
four miles四英里
one centimetre一厘米
five centimetres五厘米
不止一英尺時,既可用foot,也可用feet。但在計量高度時,通常用feet:
six foot tall/six feet tall六英尺高
two foot long/two feet long兩英尺長
作為復(fù)合形容詞的一部分時,以上這些詞一概不用復(fù)數(shù)形式:
a two-mile walk兩英里的步行
a six-inch ruler六英寸長的尺子
C 容量單位
2 pints(pt.)(品脫)????????????????? =1 quart(qt.)(夸脫)
1 pint(品脫)???????????????????????????? =0.568 litre(1)(公升)
4 quarts(夸脫)????????????????????????? =1 gallon(gal.)(加侖)
1 gallon(加侖)????????????????????????? =4.55 litres(公升)
D 英國傳統(tǒng)的度量單位是ounce(盎司),inch(英寸),pint(品脫)等。
但目前有逐漸改用公制的趨向。
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