? ? ?這個效果比較簡單，用一個立文體把我們要繪制的東西包起來即可，把攝像機的位置放到立文體內，這樣就給人一個有天空，有陸地感覺。? 我在這個工程中加入了以前的圓環體，其渲染器實現方法，可以查閱以前的文章。效果如下

? ? 我使用的是一個包含6個紋理圖片的紋理數組，一次性把6個面都畫好了，并完成了貼圖。其渲染器實現如下：

#ifndef BOXSHADER_H #define BOXSHADER_H#include <QOpenGLExtraFunctions> #include <QOpenGLShaderProgram> #include <QOpenGLBuffer> #include <QOpenGLTexture> #include <QImage> class BoxShader { public:BoxShader() = default;~BoxShader();void initsize(int width,int height,QImage &left,QImage &bebind,QImage &right,QImage &front,QImage &top,QImage &bottom);void render(QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f, QMatrix4x4 &pMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &vMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &mMatrix);private:QOpenGLTexture *textureArray_{nullptr};QOpenGLShaderProgram program_;QOpenGLBuffer vbo_; };#endif // BOXSHADER_H #include "boxshader.h"BoxShader::~BoxShader() {textureArray_->destroy();delete textureArray_; }void BoxShader::initsize(int width, int height, QImage &left, QImage &bebind, QImage &right, QImage &front, QImage &top, QImage &bottom) {program_.addCacheableShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,"vsrc.vert");program_.addCacheableShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,"fsrc.frag");program_.link();textureArray_ = new QOpenGLTexture(QOpenGLTexture::Target2DArray);textureArray_->create();textureArray_->setSize(width,height);textureArray_->setLayers(6);textureArray_->setFormat(QOpenGLTexture::RGB8_UNorm);textureArray_->allocateStorage();textureArray_->setData(0,0,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,left.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setData(0,1,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,bebind.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setData(0,2,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,right.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setData(0,3,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,front.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setData(0,4,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,top.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setData(0,5,QOpenGLTexture::RGB,QOpenGLTexture::UInt8,bottom.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888).constBits());textureArray_->setMinMagFilters(QOpenGLTexture::Nearest,QOpenGLTexture::Nearest);textureArray_->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::ClampToEdge);const GLfloat vertexs[]{//vertex points//left side-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,//behind side-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,//right side+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,//front side-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,//top side-1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,//bottom side-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,+1.0,+1.0,-1.0,-1.0,//texture points//left side+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+0.0,//behind side+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+0.0,//right side+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+0.0,//front side+1.0,+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,//top side+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,//bottom side+0.0,+0.0,+0.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+1.0,+0.0,};vbo_.create();vbo_.bind();vbo_.allocate(vertexs,sizeof(vertexs));; }void BoxShader::render(QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f, QMatrix4x4 &pMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &vMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &mMatrix) {f->glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);f->glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);program_.bind();vbo_.bind();f->glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 0);program_.setUniformValue("pMatrix",pMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("vMatrix",vMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("mMatrix",mMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("sTexture",0);program_.enableAttributeArray(0);program_.enableAttributeArray(1);program_.setAttributeBuffer(0,GL_FLOAT,0,3,3*sizeof(GLfloat));program_.setAttributeBuffer(1,GL_FLOAT,6 * 4 * 3 * sizeof(GLfloat),2,2*sizeof(GLfloat));textureArray_->bind();f->glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS,0,24);program_.disableAttributeArray(0);program_.disableAttributeArray(1);textureArray_->release();vbo_.release();program_.release();f->glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);f->glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); }

? ? ? ?其shader實現如下

#version 330 uniform mat4 pMatrix,vMatrix,mMatrix; layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPosition; layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTextureCood; smooth out vec2 vTextureCoord; out float vid;void main(void) {gl_Position = pMatrix * vMatrix * mMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1);vTextureCoord = aTextureCood;vid = gl_VertexID;//頂點序號 } #version 330 uniform sampler2DArray sTexture; in float vid; in vec2 vTextureCoord; out vec4 fragColor;void main(void) {vec3 texCood = vec3(vTextureCoord.st,floor(vid/4)); //根據vid頂點序號求出紋理索引fragColor = texture(sTexture,texCood); }

調用如下

#ifndef WIDGET_H #define WIDGET_H#include <QOpenGLWidget> #include <QTimer> #include "boxshader.h" #include "torusrender.h"class Widget : public QOpenGLWidget {Q_OBJECTpublic:Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);~Widget();protected:void initializeGL() override;void resizeGL(int w, int h) override;void paintGL() override;private:BoxShader boxShader_;TorusRender toruRender_;QVector3D camera_;QMatrix4x4 pMatrix_;QTimer tm_;float angleX_ = 0, angleY_ = 0, angleZ_ = 0;private slots:void slotTimeout(); };#endif // WIDGET_H #include <QWheelEvent> #include "widget.h"Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent): QOpenGLWidget(parent) {connect(&tm_,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(slotTimeout()));tm_.start(40); }Widget::~Widget() {}void Widget::initializeGL() {camera_.setX(4.9);camera_.setY(4.9);camera_.setZ(4.9);toruRender_.initsize(0.9,0.5,13,30);boxShader_.initsize(256,256,QImage("side1.png"),QImage("side2.png"),QImage("side3.png"),QImage("side4.png"),QImage("side5.png"),QImage("side6.png")); }void Widget::resizeGL(int w, int h) {pMatrix_.setToIdentity();pMatrix_.perspective(80,float(w)/h,0.01f,100.0f); }void Widget::paintGL() {QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f = QOpenGLContext::currentContext()->extraFunctions();f->glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);f->glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);QMatrix4x4 vMatrix;vMatrix.lookAt(camera_,QVector3D(-4.9,-4.9,-4.9),QVector3D(-1.0,1.0,-1.0));QMatrix4x4 mMatrix;mMatrix.rotate(angleX_,1,0,0);mMatrix.rotate(angleY_,0,1,0);mMatrix.rotate(angleZ_,0,0,1);mMatrix.scale(20);boxShader_.render(f,pMatrix_,vMatrix,mMatrix);mMatrix.setToIdentity();mMatrix.translate(-1.0,-4.9,-0.5);mMatrix.scale(2);mMatrix.rotate(-angleY_,0,1,0);toruRender_.render(f,pMatrix_,vMatrix,mMatrix); }void Widget::slotTimeout() {angleY_ += 5;update(); }

? 到此結束

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