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开箱即用的 SQL Server Docker

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/12/20 数据库 22 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了开箱即用的 SQL Server Docker 小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個(gè)參考.

SQL Server 真是越來(lái)越有看頭。當(dāng)我們還在為 Linux 上運(yùn)行 SQL Server 而興奮的時(shí)候，SQL Server 已經(jīng)開(kāi)啟了容器化之路，至此才能看清微軟的胸懷，開(kāi)始擁抱更大的世界。當(dāng)我越來(lái)越深入去閱讀有關(guān) Docker 容器的文檔，已然發(fā)現(xiàn)曾經(jīng)部署上千臺(tái) Linux MySQL 的場(chǎng)景，如今在 Docker 的幫助下，SQL Server 也是手到擒來(lái)。如果 SQL Server 再匹配一個(gè)分布式計(jì)算引擎，那也是分分鐘即可打造一個(gè)計(jì)算怪獸，和小象 Hadoop 分庭抗禮。屆時(shí)玩 SQL 的朋友們不用分心去折騰 Hadoop/Spark, 僅用 T-SQL 依然可以笑傲江湖。因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄?#xff0c;機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法本就是數(shù)據(jù)集合操作，天生和 SQL 結(jié)合緊密。不信看我的這篇：

機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法之 KNN 的 SQL 實(shí)現(xiàn)

當(dāng)然，理想是要有的，目前還是將心放一放，回歸這次的主題， Docker.
接觸容器化實(shí)踐，始于團(tuán)隊(duì) 2017 的 CRM 產(chǎn)品發(fā)布流程改革，微服務(wù)化。

現(xiàn)將整個(gè)過(guò)程梳理一下，對(duì) SQL Server 容器化進(jìn)程做一個(gè)明晰的總結(jié)。

Docker 概念以及作用
Docker 用來(lái)發(fā)布 SQL Server 部署的方法和優(yōu)勢(shì)

Docker 的概念以及作用

Docker 的安裝

安裝的必備條件：

64位 CPU

Linux 3.8 以上版本

內(nèi)核必須支持一種合適的存儲(chǔ)驅(qū)動(dòng)(storage driver),如：

Device?Manager
AUFS
vfs
btrfs
默認(rèn)存儲(chǔ)驅(qū)動(dòng)是?Device?Mapper

內(nèi)核必須支持并開(kāi)啟 cgroup 和命名空間功能

檢查 Centos 版本：

[root@centos00?log]#?uname?-a
Linux?centos00?3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64?#1?SMP?Tue?Nov?22?16:42:41?UTC?2016?x86_64?x86_64?x86_64?GNU/Linux

檢查存儲(chǔ)驅(qū)動(dòng)：

[root@centos00?log]#?ls?-l?/sys/class/misc/device-mapper
lrwxrwxrwx.?1?root?root?0?Aug?22?18:33?/sys/class/misc/device-mapper?->?../../devices/virtual/misc/device-mapper

或者直接查當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的設(shè)備

[root@centos00?log]#?grep?device-mapper?/proc/devices
253?device-mapper

若沒(méi)有則運(yùn)行下面腳本安裝

yum?install?-y?device-mapper
modprobe?dm_mod

安裝 EPEL 軟件包倉(cāng)庫(kù)

此倉(cāng)庫(kù)只是在 centos 上安裝 Docker 的時(shí)候需要，當(dāng)然 RedHat 也是同門(mén)。而 Fedora 則不需要，因?yàn)?EPEL 是 Fedora 出品，已經(jīng)包含了此庫(kù)。

https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL

EPEL： Extra Packages For Enterprise Linux

顧名思義，這是專(zhuān)門(mén)為企業(yè)版 Linux 打造的擴(kuò)展功能庫(kù)。

CentOS 6/7 安裝路徑各不相同：

yum?install?https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

而正式的安裝則簡(jiǎn)單的多：

yum?install?-y?docker

Docker 運(yùn)行時(shí)檢查：

[root@centos00?log]#?docker?info
Cannot?connect?to?the?Docker?daemon?at?unix:///var/run/docker.sock.?Is?the?docker?daemon?running?

以上腳本可用來(lái)檢查 Docker 運(yùn)行時(shí)信息，亦可用來(lái)檢查 Docker 是否運(yùn)行

啟動(dòng) Docker 進(jìn)程以及配置開(kāi)機(jī)運(yùn)行 Docker :

systemctl?start?docker
systemctl?enable?docker
[root@centos00?log]#?systemctl?start?docker
Job?for?docker.service?failed?because?the?control?process?exited?with?error?code.?See?"systemctl?status?docker.service"?and?"journalctl?-xe"?for?details.
[root@centos00?log]#?systemctl?status?docker.service?-l
●?docker.service?-?Docker?Application?Container?Engine
???Loaded:?loaded?(/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service;?disabled;?vendor?preset:?disabled)
???Active:?failed?(Result:?exit-code)?since?Thu?2018-08-30?07:45:41?CST;?2min?19s?ago
?????Docs:?http://docs.docker.com
??Process:?31489?ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current?--add-runtime?docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current?--default-runtime=docker-runc?--exec-opt?native.cgroupdriver=systemd?--userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current?--init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current?--seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json?$OPTIONS?$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS?$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS?$ADD_REGISTRY?$BLOCK_REGISTRY?$INSECURE_REGISTRY?$REGISTRIES?(code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE)
?Main?PID:?31489?(code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE)

Aug?30?07:45:38?centos00?systemd[1]:?Starting?Docker?Application?Container?Engine...
Aug?30?07:45:38?centos00?dockerd-current[31489]:?time="2018-08-30T07:45:38.949026762+08:00"?level=warning?msg="could?not?change?group?/var/run/docker.sock?to?docker:?group?docker?not?found"
Aug?30?07:45:38?centos00?dockerd-current[31489]:?time="2018-08-30T07:45:38.954488551+08:00"?level=info?msg="libcontainerd:?new?containerd?process,?pid:?31496"
Aug?30?07:45:41?centos00?dockerd-current[31489]:?Error?starting?daemon:?SELinux?is?not?supported?with?the?overlay2?graph?driver?on?this?kernel.?Either?boot?into?a?newer?kernel?or?disable?selinux?in?docker?(--selinux-enabled=false)
Aug?30?07:45:41?centos00?systemd[1]:?docker.service:?main?process?exited,?code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE
Aug?30?07:45:41?centos00?systemd[1]:?Failed?to?start?Docker?Application?Container?Engine.
Aug?30?07:45:41?centos00?systemd[1]:?Unit?docker.service?entered?failed?state.
Aug?30?07:45:41?centos00?systemd[1]:?docker.service?failed.

參考這篇文章：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45461307/selinux-is-not-supported-with-the-overlay-graph-driver

執(zhí)行命令：

[root@centos00?log]#??cat?/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS="--storage-driver?overlay2?"

修改其 storage driver，使其應(yīng)用 devicemapper :

[root@centos00?log]#??cat?/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS="--storage-driver?devicemapper?"

再次啟動(dòng) docker, 并檢查 Docker 的狀態(tài)

[root@centos00?log]#?docker?info
Containers:?0
?Running:?0
?Paused:?0
?Stopped:?0
Images:?0
Server?Version:?1.13.1
Storage?Driver:?devicemapper
?Pool?Name:?docker-253:0-101679883-pool
?Pool?Blocksize:?65.54?kB
?Base?Device?Size:?10.74?GB
?Backing?Filesystem:?xfs
?Data?file:?/dev/loop0
?Metadata?file:?/dev/loop1
?Data?Space?Used:?11.8?MB
?Data?Space?Total:?107.4?GB
?Data?Space?Available:?29.25?GB
?Metadata?Space?Used:?581.6?kB
?Metadata?Space?Total:?2.147?GB
?Metadata?Space?Available:?2.147?GB
?Thin?Pool?Minimum?Free?Space:?10.74?GB
?Udev?Sync?Supported:?true
?Deferred?Removal?Enabled:?true
?Deferred?Deletion?Enabled:?true
?Deferred?Deleted?Device?Count:?0
?Data?loop?file:?/var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
?WARNING:?Usage?of?loopback?devices?is?strongly?discouraged?for?production?use.?Use?`--storage-opt?dm.thinpooldev`?to?specify?a?custom?block?storage?device.
?Metadata?loop?file:?/var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
?Library?Version:?1.02.135-RHEL7?(2016-09-28)
Logging?Driver:?journald
Cgroup?Driver:?systemd
Plugins:?
?Volume:?local
?Network:?bridge?host?macvlan?null?overlay
Swarm:?inactive
Runtimes:?runc?docker-runc
Default?Runtime:?docker-runc
Init?Binary:?/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd?version:??(expected:?aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc?version:?5eda6f6fd0c2884c2c8e78a6e7119e8d0ecedb77?(expected:?9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init?version:?fec3683b971d9c3ef73f284f176672c44b448662?(expected:?949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security?Options:
?seccomp
??WARNING:?You're?not?using?the?default?seccomp?profile
??Profile:?/etc/docker/seccomp.json
?selinux
Kernel?Version:?3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Operating?System:?CentOS?Linux?7?(Core)
OSType:?linux
Architecture:?x86_64
Number?of?Docker?Hooks:?3
CPUs:?4
Total?Memory:?3.699?GiB
Name:?centos00
ID:?DORM:3S6Z:Y33P:TWDH:MT52:NRJR:T5LY:MZYT:37MU:HP3O:JDTS:OFRE
Docker?Root?Dir:?/var/lib/docker
Debug?Mode?(client):?false
Debug?Mode?(server):?false
Registry:?https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental:?false
Insecure?Registries:
?127.0.0.0/8
Live?Restore?Enabled:?false
Registries:?docker.io?(secure)

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)容器：

[root@centos00?log]#?docker?run?-i?-t?ubuntu?/bin/bash
Unable?to?find?image?'ubuntu:latest'?locally
Trying?to?pull?repository?docker.io/library/ubuntu?...?
latest:?Pulling?from?docker.io/library/ubuntu
124c757242f8:?Downloading?[===============================>???????????????????]?19.84?MB/31.76?MB
2ebc019eb4e2:?Download?complete?
dac0825f7ffb:?Download?complete?
82b0bb65d1bf:?Download?complete?
ef3b655c7f88:?Download?complete

這是簡(jiǎn)易版本的創(chuàng)建新容器的方式。如果容器不是遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器維護(hù)的，而在本地局域網(wǎng)（為了安全，放在本地局域網(wǎng)緩存），創(chuàng)立新容器的方法又有稍微不同。

當(dāng)命令執(zhí)行完畢，此時(shí)我們已經(jīng)在 Docker 新建的容器里面：

root@ecb9d7b74b07:~#?cat?/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1????localhost
::1????localhost?ip6-localhost?ip6-loopback
fe00::0????ip6-localnet
ff00::0????ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1????ip6-allnodes
ff02::2????ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2????ecb9d7b74b07

另起一個(gè)窗口，檢查開(kāi)啟的容器

[root@centos00?huangyun]#?docker?ps?-a
CONTAINER?ID????????IMAGE???????????????COMMAND?????????????CREATED?????????????STATUS??????????????PORTS???????????????NAMES
ecb9d7b74b07????????ubuntu??????????????"/bin/bash"?????????9?minutes?ago???????Up?9?minutes????????????????????????????vibrant_thompson

這是一個(gè)臨時(shí)起的容器，一旦退出執(zhí)行了 docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash 的窗口，容器就隨之關(guān)閉了。

如果要建立一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久不關(guān)閉的容器，就需要執(zhí)行面的命令來(lái)安裝守護(hù)容器：

docker?run?--name?daemon_dave?-d?ubuntu?/bin/sh?-c?"while?true?;
do?echo?hello?world;?sleep?1?;?done"

-d 標(biāo)識(shí)了此容器運(yùn)行在后臺(tái)，命令執(zhí)行完之后，返回主機(jī)。

可以執(zhí)行下面的命令，連接后臺(tái)執(zhí)行的容器：

[root@centos00?huangyun]#?docker?exec?-i?-t?daemon_dave?/bin/bash
root@eb6cb2a3b7b6:/#?top

top?-?14:19:01?up?16:17,??0?users,??load?average:?0.29,?0.21,?0.20
Tasks:???4?total,???1?running,???3?sleeping,???0?stopped,???0?zombie
%Cpu(s):??0.6?us,??1.2?sy,??0.0?ni,?98.2?id,??0.0?wa,??0.0?hi,??0.0?si,??0.0?st
KiB?Mem?:??3878288?total,???114852?free,??2647828?used,??1115608?buff/cache
KiB?Swap:??2097148?total,??2092540?free,?????4608?used.???831552?avail?Mem

關(guān)閉一個(gè)容器：

執(zhí)行下面命令即可關(guān)閉一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的容器：

[root@centos00?website]#?docker?stop??nginx_server_1
nginx_server_1
[root@centos00?website]#?docker?ps
CONTAINER?ID????????IMAGE???????????????COMMAND?????????????CREATED?????????????STATUS??????????????PORTS???????????????NAMES
[root@centos00?website]#

docker ps 可以用來(lái)檢查當(dāng)前運(yùn)行著的容器。

以特定名字運(yùn)行一個(gè)容器之后，這名字就一直保存著，下次運(yùn)行，如果再以這份名字執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的運(yùn)行程序，會(huì)報(bào)如下的錯(cuò)誤：

[root@centos00?website]#?docker?run?-d?-p?80?--name?nginx_server_1?-v?/var/www/html/website:/var/www/html/website:rw?ubuntu/nginx3?
/usr/bin/docker-current:?Error?response?from?daemon:?Conflict.?The?container?name?"/nginx_server_1"?is?already?in?use?by?container?f40d10674908782758915399d3f16f1c5207e2907cb90e25f3689bccb9449d34.?You?have?to?remove?(or?rename)?that?container?to?be?able?to?reuse?that?name..
See?'/usr/bin/docker-current?run?--help'.

不知道為什么 Docker 主程會(huì)一直保存著運(yùn)行過(guò)的 docker 名字：

[root@centos00?website]#?docker?ps?-a
CONTAINER?ID????????IMAGE???????????????COMMAND??????????????????CREATED?????????????STATUS??????????????????????PORTS???????????????NAMES
17f8ba709f49????????ubuntu/nginx3???????"nginx"??????????????????4?minutes?ago???????Exited?(0)?3?minutes?ago????????????????????????hardcore_pare
f40d10674908????????ubuntu/nginx3???????"nginx"??????????????????10?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?6?minutes?ago????????????????????????nginx_server_1
7baea86e09b2????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"/bin/sh"????????????????10?hours?ago????????Exited?(2)?10?hours?ago?????????????????????????determined_bartik
a4a3348bf5b4????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"/bin/sh"????????????????10?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?10?hours?ago?????????????????????????quirky_keller
d944f39ba4b5????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"nginx"??????????????????10?hours?ago????????Exited?(1)?10?hours?ago?????????????????????????amazing_wozniak
498f38dab68d????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"nginx"??????????????????10?hours?ago????????Exited?(1)?10?hours?ago?????????????????????????website
e91147812d90????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"/bin/sh"????????????????11?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?10?hours?ago?????????????????????????reverent_golick
b2dc934e76cb????????ubuntu/nginx2???????"/bin/sh"????????????????11?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?11?hours?ago?????????????????????????nginx2
4389f303f89f????????ubuntu/ping?????????"/bin/sh"????????????????11?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?11?hours?ago?????????????????????????dockernginx1
425db7295d54????????ubuntu/ping?????????"/bin/sh"????????????????11?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?11?hours?ago?????????????????????????dockernginx
4092ee432cdc????????ubuntu/ping?????????"/bin/sh"????????????????11?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?11?hours?ago?????????????????????????ubuntu00
2eedc14e316f????????c58e6a4eb329????????"/bin/sh?-c?'apt-g..."???11?hours?ago????????Exited?(100)?11?hours?ago???????????????????????nervous_stallman
8393f330888c????????ubuntu/nginx????????"/bin/bash"??????????????12?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?12?hours?ago?????????????????????????gracious_leavitt
b106b1b31c84????????ubuntu/nginx????????"/bin/bash"??????????????13?hours?ago????????Exited?(127)?12?hours?ago???????????????????????nginx_server
6f748f358454????????ubuntu/ping?????????"/bin/bash"??????????????15?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?15?hours?ago?????????????????????????compassionate_brahmagupta
e4a3a8acc032????????centos:7.4.1708?????"/bin/sh"????????????????17?hours?ago????????Exited?(0)?17?hours?ago?????????????????????????centos7
eb6cb2a3b7b6????????ubuntu??????????????"/bin/sh?-c?'while..."???2?days?ago??????????Exited?(137)?12?hours?ago???????????????????????daemon_dave
ecb9d7b74b07????????ubuntu??????????????"/bin/bash"??????????????2?days?ago??????????Exited?(127)?12?hours?ago???????????????????????vibrant_thompson
[root@centos00?website]#

當(dāng)再一次使用其中之一運(yùn)行容器時(shí)，名字會(huì)因?yàn)橹貜?fù)而被拒絕運(yùn)行。

針對(duì)這種需要使用同一個(gè)名字重啟容器的情況，一般的解決方法有3種：

在每次運(yùn)行容器時(shí)，指定關(guān)閉容器之后，銷(xiāo)毀

#?docker?run?-d?-p?80?--rm?--name?nginx_server_1?-v?/var/www/html/website:/var/www/html/website:rw?ubuntu/nginx3

先關(guān)閉容器，再移除容器名字

#?docker?stop?nginx_server_1
#?docker?rm?nginx_server_1

重啟容器而不用先銷(xiāo)毀

#?docker?restart?nginx_server_1

Docker 的鏡像與倉(cāng)庫(kù)

Docker 公司出版了自己維護(hù)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的一些鏡像，官方網(wǎng)站維護(hù)了這份列表：

https://hub.docker.com/

注冊(cè)一個(gè) Docker 官網(wǎng)的賬戶(hù) ， dblenis, l*w*6.

每個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)中都存放著各種鏡像，執(zhí)行命令，可以將這些鏡像都拉到本地存儲(chǔ)：

[root@centos00?containers]#?docker?pull?centos
Using?default?tag:?latest
Trying?to?pull?repository?docker.io/library/centos?...?
latest:?Pulling?from?docker.io/library/centos
256b176beaff:?Pull?complete?
Digest:?sha256:6f6d986d425aeabdc3a02cb61c02abb2e78e57357e92417d6d58332856024faf
Status:?Downloaded?newer?image?for?docker.io/centos:latest
[root@centos00?containers]#?docker?images
REPOSITORY??????????TAG?????????????????IMAGE?ID????????????CREATED?????????????SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu????latest??????????????16508e5c265d????????9?days?ago??????????84.1?MB
docker.io/centos????latest??????????????5182e96772bf????????3?weeks?ago?????????200?MB
[root@centos00?containers]#

每個(gè)鏡像都會(huì)帶有自己的標(biāo)簽，在建立新容器的時(shí)候帶上這份標(biāo)簽，會(huì)讓我們更明白操作的對(duì)象是什么，會(huì)有什么異常：

[root@centos00?containers]#?docker?run?--name?centos7?-d?centos:centos7.4.1708???/bin/sh

如果不指定特定標(biāo)簽，在拉取官網(wǎng)鏡像時(shí)，則拉取的是最新的。

構(gòu)建鏡像

兩種方法：

使用 Docker Commit 命令

使用 Docker build 命令和 Dockerfile 文件

通過(guò)前面新建的 ubuntu 沒(méi)有 ping 的功能，我希望可以將 ping 功能安裝進(jìn)去，然后打包一個(gè)新的鏡像，放在 Docker 上分享。

#?apt-get?install?iputils-ping
Reading?package?lists...?Done
Building?dependency?tree???????
Reading?state?information...?Done
The?following?additional?packages?will?be?installed:
??libcap2?libcap2-bin?libidn11?libpam-cap
The?following?NEW?packages?will?be?installed:
??iputils-ping?libcap2?libcap2-bin?libidn11?libpam-cap
0?upgraded,?5?newly?installed,?0?to?remove?and?0?not?upgraded.
Need?to?get?140?kB?of?archives.
After?this?operation,?537?kB?of?additional?disk?space?will?be?used.
Do?you?want?to?continue??[Y/n]?y

apt-get 安裝一些其他軟件，方便以后使用，提交這些更改，將其完整的做成一個(gè)容器鏡像。以后若要新建容器，只需要在此鏡像基礎(chǔ)上新建便可。

[root@centos00?huangyun]#?docker?commit?daemon_dave?ubuntu/ping

若此時(shí)查看鏡像庫(kù)：

[root@centos00?huangyun]#?docker?images
REPOSITORY??????????TAG?????????????????IMAGE?ID????????????CREATED?????????????SIZE
ubuntu/ping?????????latest??????????????2eb12722cb2f????????2?minutes?ago???????186?MB
docker.io/ubuntu????latest??????????????16508e5c265d????????9?days?ago??????????84.1?MB
docker.io/centos????7.4.1708????????????d3949e34634c????????3?weeks?ago?????????197?MB
docker.io/centos????centos7.4.1708??????d3949e34634c????????3?weeks?ago?????????197?MB
docker.io/centos????latest??????????????5182e96772bf????????3?weeks?ago?????????200?MB

發(fā)現(xiàn) repository 里面多了一個(gè) ubuntu/ping 的鏡像。

就像是虛擬機(jī)多保存了一個(gè) snapshot 一樣，更方便的是我們居然可以依據(jù)這份 snapshot 來(lái)構(gòu)建一個(gè)新的虛擬機(jī)。

官方更推薦使用 Dockerfile 和 Docker build 來(lái)構(gòu)建新容器鏡像

Dockerfile 是一種特殊的文件，用來(lái)編寫(xiě) DSL 指令，這些指令可以被 Docker 進(jìn)程識(shí)別，并根據(jù)這些指令進(jìn)行處理，最終完成一個(gè)可用的鏡像制作。每一個(gè)鏡像都是從基礎(chǔ)鏡像之上，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)添加其他鏡像組成的。一開(kāi)始的基礎(chǔ)鏡像只是符合最低運(yùn)行庫(kù)的內(nèi)核，比如 ubuntu 的基礎(chǔ)鏡像，居然連 ping, vi 都沒(méi)有。如果需要這些功能作為新鏡像的一部分，那么就要在 Dockerfile 里面新加。

更多的 Dockerfile 支持的指令：
http://docs.docker.com/reference/builder

Docker build 就是基于 Dockerfile ，將其中的指令發(fā)送給 Docker 進(jìn)程，使其進(jìn)行構(gòu)建新鏡像。Docker 進(jìn)程可以看做是服務(wù)進(jìn)程，提供一系列的后臺(tái)服務(wù)，docker build 就是客戶(hù)端，發(fā)送請(qǐng)求給 Docker ，Docker 統(tǒng)一調(diào)度工作完成 build 的請(qǐng)求。

[root@centos00?DockerWeb]#?cat?Dockerfile
#?version?:?0.0.1

FROM?ubuntu:14.04

MAINTAINER?Lenis?Huang?"huangyun_122@163.com"
RUN?apt-get?update
RUN?apt-get?install?-y?nginx
RUN?echo?"Hello,?World!"?>?/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
EXPOSE?80

上面的腳本安裝了 nginx 服務(wù)，并且創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的靜態(tài)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，最后允許 80 開(kāi)放給外界訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。

構(gòu)建開(kāi)始：

正在 build 之中的鏡像，這一步步看的更詳細(xì)：

[root@centos00?DockerWeb]#?docker?build?-t="ubuntu/nginx"?.
Sending?build?context?to?Docker?daemon?2.048?kB
Step?1/6?:?FROM?ubuntu:14.04
Trying?to?pull?repository?docker.io/library/ubuntu?...?
14.04:?Pulling?from?docker.io/library/ubuntu
72c01b436656:?Pull?complete?
944f9cf63457:?Pull?complete?
6856614e8780:?Pull?complete?
9d0e4b6507f2:?Pull?complete?
c00913272b9b:?Pull?complete?
Digest:?sha256:d6b8e25d0f3073bad48fda3f28d01ac0e8bd0e2a6d034c7f462619591a72c791
Status:?Downloaded?newer?image?for?docker.io/ubuntu:14.04
?--->?8789038981bc
Step?2/6?:?MAINTAINER?Lenis?Huang?"huangyun_122@163.com"
?--->?Running?in?6a16f9906861
?--->?aacb0d62260f
Removing?intermediate?container?6a16f9906861
Step?3/6?:?RUN?apt-get?update
?--->?Running?in?ed843eeaf662

Ign?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty?InRelease
Get:1?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security?InRelease?[65.9?kB]
Get:2?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates?InRelease?[65.9?kB]
Get:3?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-backports?InRelease?[65.9?kB]
Get:4?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty?Release.gpg?[933?B]
Get:5?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security/main?amd64?Packages?[952?kB]
Get:6?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates/universe?Sources?[260?kB]
Get:7?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security/universe?Sources?[96.3?kB]
Get:8?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates/main?amd64?Packages?[1372?kB]
Get:9?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates/restricted?amd64?Packages?[21.4?kB]
Get:10?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates/universe?amd64?Packages?[606?kB]
Get:11?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-updates/multiverse?amd64?Packages?[16.0?kB]
Get:12?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security/restricted?amd64?Packages?[18.1?kB]
Get:13?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-backports/main?amd64?Packages?[14.7?kB]
Get:14?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-backports/restricted?amd64?Packages?[40?B]
Get:15?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-backports/universe?amd64?Packages?[52.5?kB]
Get:16?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty-backports/multiverse?amd64?Packages?[1392?B]
Get:17?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty?Release?[58.5?kB]
Get:18?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty/universe?Sources?[7926?kB]
Get:19?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty/main?amd64?Packages?[1743?kB]
Get:20?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty/restricted?amd64?Packages?[16.0?kB]
Get:21?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty/universe?amd64?Packages?[7589?kB]
Get:22?http://archive.ubuntu.com?trusty/multiverse?amd64?Packages?[169?kB]
Get:23?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security/multiverse?amd64?Packages?[4721?B]
Get:24?http://security.ubuntu.com?trusty-security/universe?amd64?Packages?[311?kB]
Fetched?21.4?MB?in?11s?(1822?kB/s)
Reading?package?lists...
?--->?582a2a0c6fb9
Removing?intermediate?container?ed843eeaf662
Step?4/6?:?RUN?apt-get?install?-y?nginx
?--->?Running?in?7199f88e91ef

Reading?package?lists...
Building?dependency?tree...
Reading?state?information...
The?following?extra?packages?will?be?installed:
??fontconfig-config?fonts-dejavu-core?geoip-database?libfontconfig1
??libfreetype6?libgd3?libgeoip1?libjbig0?libjpeg-turbo8?libjpeg8?libtiff5
??libvpx1?libx11-6?libx11-data?libxau6?libxcb1?libxdmcp6?libxml2?libxpm4
??libxslt1.1?nginx-common?nginx-core?sgml-base?xml-core
Suggested?packages:
??libgd-tools?geoip-bin?fcgiwrap?nginx-doc?sgml-base-doc?debhelper
The?following?NEW?packages?will?be?installed:
??fontconfig-config?fonts-dejavu-core?geoip-database?libfontconfig1
??libfreetype6?libgd3?libgeoip1?libjbig0?libjpeg-turbo8?libjpeg8?libtiff5
??libvpx1?libx11-6?libx11-data?libxau6?libxcb1?libxdmcp6?libxml2?libxpm4
??libxslt1.1?nginx?nginx-common?nginx-core?sgml-base?xml-core
0?upgraded,?25?newly?installed,?0?to?remove?and?0?not?upgraded.
Need?to?get?5593?kB?of?archives.
After?this?operation,?19.8?MB?of?additional?disk?space?will?be?used.
Get:1?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libgeoip1?amd64?1.6.0-1?[71.0?kB]
Get:2?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libxau6?amd64?1:1.0.8-1?[8376?B]
Get:3?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libxdmcp6?amd64?1:1.1.1-1?[12.8?kB]
Get:4?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libxcb1?amd64?1.10-2ubuntu1?[38.0?kB]
Get:5?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libx11-data?all?2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1?[111?kB]
Get:6?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libx11-6?amd64?2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1?[561?kB]
Get:7?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libxml2?amd64?2.9.1+dfsg1-3ubuntu4.13?[573?kB]
Get:8?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?sgml-base?all?1.26+nmu4ubuntu1?[12.5?kB]
Get:9?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?fonts-dejavu-core?all?2.34-1ubuntu1?[1024?kB]
Get:10?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?fontconfig-config?all?2.11.0-0ubuntu4.2?[47.4?kB]
Get:11?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libfreetype6?amd64?2.5.2-1ubuntu2.8?[304?kB]
Get:12?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libfontconfig1?amd64?2.11.0-0ubuntu4.2?[123?kB]
Get:13?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libjpeg-turbo8?amd64?1.3.0-0ubuntu2.1?[104?kB]
Get:14?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libjpeg8?amd64?8c-2ubuntu8?[2194?B]
Get:15?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libjbig0?amd64?2.0-2ubuntu4.1?[26.1?kB]
Get:16?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libtiff5?amd64?4.0.3-7ubuntu0.9?[147?kB]
Get:17?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?libvpx1?amd64?1.3.0-2?[556?kB]
Get:18?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libxpm4?amd64?1:3.5.10-1ubuntu0.1?[33.2?kB]
Get:19?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libgd3?amd64?2.1.0-3ubuntu0.10?[123?kB]
Get:20?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?libxslt1.1?amd64?1.1.28-2ubuntu0.1?[145?kB]
Get:21?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?geoip-database?all?20140313-1?[1196?kB]
Get:22?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty/main?xml-core?all?0.13+nmu2?[23.3?kB]
Get:23?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?nginx-common?all?1.4.6-1ubuntu3.8?[19.1?kB]
Get:24?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?nginx-core?amd64?1.4.6-1ubuntu3.8?[325?kB]
Get:25?http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/?trusty-updates/main?nginx?all?1.4.6-1ubuntu3.8?[5394?B]
debconf:?unable?to?initialize?frontend:?Dialog
debconf:?(TERM?is?not?set,?so?the?dialog?frontend?is?not?usable.)
debconf:?falling?back?to?frontend:?Readline
debconf:?unable?to?initialize?frontend:?Readline
debconf:?(This?frontend?requires?a?controlling?tty.)
debconf:?falling?back?to?frontend:?Teletype
dpkg-preconfigure:?unable?to?re-open?stdin:?
Fetched?5593?kB?in?6min?9s?(15.2?kB/s)
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libgeoip1:amd64.
(Reading?database?...?11571?files?and?directories?currently?installed.)
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libgeoip1_1.6.0-1_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libgeoip1:amd64?(1.6.0-1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libxau6:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libxau6_1%3a1.0.8-1_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libxau6:amd64?(1:1.0.8-1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libxdmcp6:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libxdmcp6_1%3a1.1.1-1_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libxdmcp6:amd64?(1:1.1.1-1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libxcb1:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libxcb1_1.10-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libxcb1:amd64?(1.10-2ubuntu1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libx11-data.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libx11-data_2%3a1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1_all.deb?...
Unpacking?libx11-data?(2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libx11-6:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libx11-6_2%3a1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libx11-6:amd64?(2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2.1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libxml2:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libxml2_2.9.1+dfsg1-3ubuntu4.13_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libxml2:amd64?(2.9.1+dfsg1-3ubuntu4.13)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?sgml-base.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../sgml-base_1.26+nmu4ubuntu1_all.deb?...
Unpacking?sgml-base?(1.26+nmu4ubuntu1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?fonts-dejavu-core.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../fonts-dejavu-core_2.34-1ubuntu1_all.deb?...
Unpacking?fonts-dejavu-core?(2.34-1ubuntu1)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?fontconfig-config.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../fontconfig-config_2.11.0-0ubuntu4.2_all.deb?...
Unpacking?fontconfig-config?(2.11.0-0ubuntu4.2)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libfreetype6:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libfreetype6_2.5.2-1ubuntu2.8_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libfreetype6:amd64?(2.5.2-1ubuntu2.8)?...
Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libfontconfig1:amd64.
Preparing?to?unpack?.../libfontconfig1_2.11.0-0ubuntu4.2_amd64.deb?...
Unpacking?libfontconfig1:amd64?(2.11.0

總結(jié)

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