JavaWeb kuangshen汇总
文章目錄
- 1、基本概念
- 1.1、前言
- 1.2、web應用程序web應用程序:
- 1.3、靜態web
- 1.4、 動態web
- 2、web服務器
- 2.1、技術講解
- 2.2、web服務器
- 3、Tomcat
- 3.1安裝tomcat tomcat
- 3.2、Tomcat啟動和配置
- 3.3、配置
- 3.4、發布一個web網站
- 4、Http
- 4.1、什么是HTTPHTTP
- 4.2、兩個時代
- 4.3、Http請求
- 1、請求行
- 2、消息頭
- 4.4、Http響應
- 1、響應體
- 2、響應狀態碼
- 5、Maven
- 5.1 Maven項目架構管理工具
- 5.2下載安裝Maven
- 5.3配置環境變量
- 5.4阿里云鏡像
- 5.5本地倉庫
- 5.6 ~ 5.13筆記-下載地址
- 6、Servlet
- 6.1、Servlet簡介
- 6.2、HelloServlet
- 6.2、HelloServlet
- 6.3、Servlet原理
- 6.4、Mapping問題
- 6.5、ServletContext
- 1、共享數據
- 2、獲取初始化參數
- 3、請求轉發
- 6.6、HttpServletResponse
- 1、簡單分類
- 2、下載文件
- 3、驗證碼功能
- 6.7、HttpServletRequest
- 獲取參數,請求轉發
- 7、Cookie、Session
- 7.1、會話
- 7.2、保存會話的兩種技術
- 7.3、Cookie
- 7.4、Session(重點)
- 8、JSP
- 8.1、什么是JSP
- 8.2、JSP原理
- 8.3、JSP基礎語法
- JSP表達式
- jsp腳本片段
- JSP聲明
- 8.4、JSP指令
- 8.5、9大內置對象
- 8.6、JSP標簽、JSTL標簽、EL表達式
- 9、JavaBean
- 10、MVC三層架構
- 10.1、以前的架構
- 10.2、MVC三層架構
- 11、Filter (重點)
- 12、監聽器
- 13、過濾器、監聽器常見應用
- 14、JDBC
- 15、SMBMS(超市管理項目)
1、基本概念
1.1、前言
web開發:
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web,網頁的意思,www.baidu.com·
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靜態web
- html,sss
- 提供給所有人看的數據始終不會發生變化!
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動態web
- 淘寶,幾乎是所有的網站;
- 提供給所有人看的數據始終會發生變化,每個人在不同的時間,不同的地點看到的信息各不相同!
- 技術棧:Servlet/ISP,ASP,PHP
1.2、web應用程序web應用程序:
可以提供瀏覽器訪問的程序;
- a.html、b.html.….多個web資源,這些web資源可以被外界訪問,對外界提供服務;
- 你們能訪問到的任何一個頁面或者資源,都存在于這個世界的某一個角落的計算機上。
- URL
- 這個統一的web資源會被放在同一個文件夾下,web應用程序>Tomcat:服務器
- 一個web應用由多部分組成(靜態web,動態web)
- html,sss,is
- jsp,servlet
- Java程序
- jar包
- 配置文件(Properties)
Web酸用程序編寫完畢后,若想提供給外界訪問;需費一個服務蔬來統一管理
1.3、靜態web
-
*.htm, *.html這些都是網員的后境、如果服務器上一直存在這些東四,我們就可以直接進行讀取、需要網絡;
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靜態web存在的缺點
- Web頁面無法動態更新,所有用戶看到都是同一個頁面
- 輪播圖,點擊特效:偽動態
- JavaScript[實際開發中,它用的最多]
- VBScript
- 它無法和數據庫交互(數據無法持久化,用戶無法交互)
- Web頁面無法動態更新,所有用戶看到都是同一個頁面
1.4、 動態web
頁面會動態展示,“web頁面的展示效果因人而異”
缺點:
- 加入服務器的動態web資源出現了錯誤,我們需要重新編寫我們的后臺程序,重新發布;
- 停機維護優點:
- Web頁面可以動態更新,所有用戶看到都不是同一個頁面
- 它可以與數據庫交互(數據持久化:注冊,商品信息,用戶信息………)
2、web服務器
2.1、技術講解
ASP:
- 微軟:國內最早流行的就是ASP;
- ·在HTML中嵌入了VB的腳本,ASP+COM;
- ·在ASP開發中,基本一個頁面都有幾干行的業務代碼,頁面極其換亂
- ·維護成本高!
- C#
- IIS
php:
- PHP開發速度很快,功能很強大,跨平臺,代碼很簡單(70%,WP)
- ·無法承載大訪問量的情況(局限性)
jSP/Servlet:
B/S;瀏覽和服務器C/S:客戶端和服務器
- sun公司主推的B/S架構
- 基于Java語言的(所有的大公司,或者一些開源的組件,都是用Java寫的)
- 可以承載三高問題帶來的影響;
- 語法像ASP,ASP->JSP,加強市場強度;
2.2、web服務器
服務器是一種被動的操作,用來處理用戶的一些請求和給用戶一些響應信息;
lIS
微軟的;ASP.,Windows中自帶的
Tomcat
面向百度編程:
Tomcat是Apache 軟件基金會(Apache Software Foundation)的jakarta項目中的一個核心項目,最新的Servlet 和ISP 規范總是能在Tomcat中得到體現,因為Tomcat 技術先進、性能穩定,而且免費,因而深受lava愛好者的喜愛并得到了部分軟件開發商的認可,成為目前比較流行的Web應用服務器。
Tomcat 服務器是一個免費的開放源代碼的Web應用服務器,屬于輕量級應用服務器,在中小型系統和并發訪問用戶不是很多的場合下被普遍使用,是開發和調試ISP程序的首選。對于一個Java初學web的人來說,它是最佳的選擇
Tomcat 實際上運行JSP頁面和Serlet。Tornct最新版易9.0
工作3-5年之后,可以嘗試手寫Tomcat服務器;
下載tomcat:
3、Tomcat
3.1安裝tomcat tomcat
官網:http://tomcat.apache.org/
3.2、Tomcat啟動和配置
文件夾作用:
訪問測試:http://localhost:8080/
可能遇到的問題:
可以修改 conf/logging.properties 中的 java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK 解決亂碼問題
3.3、配置
可以配置啟動的端口號
- tomcat的默認端口號為:8080
- mysql:3306
- http:80
- https:443
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可以配置主機的名稱
- 默認的主機名為:localhost->127.0.0.1
- 默認網站應用存放的位置為:webapps
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高難度面試題:
請你談談網站是如何進行訪問的!
有:直接返回對應的ip地址,這個地址中,有我們需要訪問的web程序,可以直接訪問
127.0.0.1 www.qinjiang.com- 1
沒有:去DNS服務器找,找到的話就返回,找不到就返回找不到;
4.可以配置一下環境變量(可選性)
3.4、發布一個web網站
不會就先模仿
- 將自己寫的網站,放到服務器(Tomcat)中指定的web應用的文件夾(webapps)下,就可以訪問了
網站應該有的結構
--webapps :Tomcat服務器的web目錄-ROOT-kuangstudy :網站的目錄名- WEB-INF-classes : java程序-lib:web應用所依賴的jar包-web.xml :網站配置文件- index.html 默認的首頁- static -css-style.css-js-img-.....- 1
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HTTP協議:面試
Maven:構建工具
- Maven安裝包
Servlet入門
- HelloWorld!
- Servlet配置 ·原理
4、Http
4.1、什么是HTTPHTTP
(超文本傳輸協議)是一個簡單的請求-響應協議,它通常運行在TCP之上。
- 文本:html,字符串,…
- 超文本:圖片,音樂,視頻,定位,地圖.……
- 端口:80
Https:安全的
4.2、兩個時代
- http1.0
- HTTP/1.0:客戶端可以與web服務器連接后,只能獲得一個web資源,斷開連接
- http2.0
- HTTP/1.1:客戶端可以與web服務器連接后,可以獲得多個web資源。
4.3、Http請求
- 客戶端–發請求(Request)–服務器
百度:
Request URL:https://www.baidu.com/ 請求地址 Request Method:GET get方法/post方法 Status Code:200 OK 狀態碼:200 Remote(遠程) Address:14.215.177.39:443Accept:text/html
Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 語言
Cache-Control:max-age=0
Connection:keep-alive
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1、請求行
- 請求行中的請求方式:GET
- 請求方式:Get,Post,HEAD,DELETE,PUT,TRACT.…
- get:請求能夠攜帶的參數比較少,大小有限制,會在瀏覽器的URL地址欄顯示數據內容,不安全,但高效
- post:請求能夠攜帶的參數沒有限制,大小沒有限制,不會在瀏覽器的URL地址欄顯示數據內容,安全,但不高效。
2、消息頭
Accept:告訴瀏覽器,它所支持的數據類型 Accept-Encoding:支持哪種編碼格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 ISO8859-1 Accept-Language:告訴瀏覽器,它的語言環境 Cache-Control:緩存控制 Connection:告訴瀏覽器,請求完成是斷開還是保持連接 HOST:主機..../.- 1
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4.4、Http響應
- 服務器–響應…….客戶端
百度:
Cache-Control:private 緩存控制 Connection:Keep-Alive 連接 Content-Encoding:gzip 編碼 Content-Type:text/html 類型- 1
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1、響應體
Accept:告訴瀏覽器,它所支持的數據類型 Accept-Encoding:支持哪種編碼格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 ISO8859-1 Accept-Language:告訴瀏覽器,它的語言環境 Cache-Control:緩存控制 Connection:告訴瀏覽器,請求完成是斷開還是保持連接 HOST:主機..../. Refresh:告訴客戶端,多久刷新一次; Location:讓網頁重新定位;- 1
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2、響應狀態碼
200:請求響應成功200
3xx:請求重定向·重定向:你重新到我給你新位置去;
4xx:找不到資源404·資源不存在;
5xx:服務器代碼錯誤 500 502:網關錯誤
常見面試題:
當你的瀏覽器中地址欄輸入地址并回車的一瞬間到頁面能夠展示回來,經歷了什么?
5、Maven
我為什么要學習這個技術?
由此,Maven誕生了!
5.1 Maven項目架構管理工具
我們目前用來就是方便導入jar包的!
Maven的核心思想:約定大于配置
- 有約束,不要去違反。
Maven會規定好你該如何去編寫我們Java代碼,必須要按照這個規范來;
5.2下載安裝Maven
官網:https://maven.apache.org/
下載完成后,解壓即可;
小狂神友情建議:電腦上的所有環境都放在一個文件夾下,方便管理;
5.3配置環境變量
在我們的系統環境變量中配置如下配置:
- M2_HOME maven目錄下的bin目錄
- MAVEN_HOME maven的目錄
- 在系統的path中配置%MAVEN_HOME%\bin
測試Maven是否安裝成功,保證必須配置完畢!
5.4阿里云鏡像
- 鏡像:mirrors
- 作用:加速我們的下載
- 國內建議使用阿里云的鏡像
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D:Enmvironment\apache-maven-3.6.2conf\ettings.xml
(狂神老師配置源和倉庫的文件位置)
5.5本地倉庫
在本地的倉庫,遠程倉庫; 建立一個本地倉庫:localRepository
<localRepository>D:\Environment\apache-maven-3.6.2\maven-repo</localRepository>- 1
5.6 ~ 5.13筆記-下載地址
(拒接度盤)下載地址:https://wo-bell.lanzous.com/ibuibxi
后面的 5.6 ~ 5.13 + 案例演示 (圖)
后面第 5 剩下部分的筆記建議配合狂神的
“javaweb-06:IDEA中Maven的操作”、“javaweb-07:解決大家遇到的一些問題”
仔細(回)看
6、Servlet
6.1、Servlet簡介
- Servlet就是sun公司開發動態web的一門技術
- Sun在這些APi中提供一個接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想開發一個Servlet程序,只需要完成兩個小步驟:
- 編寫一個類,實現Serlet接口
- 把開發好java類部署到web服務器中。
把實現了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做,Servlet
6.2、HelloServlet
Serlvet接口Sun公司有兩個默認的實現類:HttpServlet,GenericServled
6.2、HelloServlet
父項目中會有
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子項目會有
<parent><artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId><groupId>com.kuang</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent>- 1
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父項目中的java子項目可以直接使用
son extends father- 1
.
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為什么需要映射:我們寫的是JAVA程序,但是要通過瀏覽器訪問,而瀏覽器需要連接web服務器,所以我們需
要再web服務中注冊我們寫的Servlet,還需給他一個瀏覽器能夠訪問的路徑;
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注意:配置項目發布的路徑就可以了
6.3、Servlet原理
Servlet是由Web服務器調用,web服務器在收到瀏覽器請求之后,會:
6.4、Mapping問題
.
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指定了固有的映射路徑優先級最高,如果找不到就會走默認的處理請求;
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6.5、ServletContext
web容器在啟動的時候,它會為每個web程序都創建一個對應的ServletContext對象,它代表了當前的web應用;
1、共享數據
我在這個Servlet中保存的數據,可以在另外一個servlet中拿到;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { <span class="token comment">//this.getInitParameter() 初始化參數</span><span class="token comment">//this.getServletConfig() Servlet配置</span><span class="token comment">//this.getServletContext() Servlet上下文</span>ServletContext context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>String username <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"秦疆"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//數據</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//將一個數據保存在了ServletContext中,名字為:username 。值 username</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>}
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}
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測試訪問結果;
2、獲取初始化參數
<!--配置一些web應用初始化參數--><context-param><param-name>url</param-name><param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value></context-param>- 1
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3、請求轉發
@Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();System.out.println("進入了ServletDemo04");//RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //轉發的請求路徑//requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //調用forward實現請求轉發;context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp); }- 1
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4、讀取資源文件
Properties
- 在java目錄下新建properties
- 在resources目錄下新建properties
發現:都被打包到了同一個路徑下:classes,我們俗稱這個路徑為classpath:
思路:需要一個文件流
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}
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訪問測試即可ok;
6.6、HttpServletResponse
web服務器接收到客戶端的http請求,針對這個請求,分別創建一個代表請求的HttpServletRequest 對象,代表響應的一個HttpServletResponse;- 1
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- 如果要獲取客戶端請求過來的參數:找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要給客戶端響應一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1、簡單分類
負責向瀏覽器發送數據的方法
servletOutputstream getOutputstream() throws IOException;Printwriter getwriter() throws IOException;- 1
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負責向瀏覽器發送響應頭的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1); void setContentLength(int var1); void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1); void setDateHeader(String varl,long var2) void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2) void setHeader(String var1,String var2); void addHeader(String var1,String var2); void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2); void addIntHeader(String varl,int var2);- 1
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響應的狀態碼
2、下載文件
}
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3、驗證碼功能
驗證怎么來的?
- 前端實現
- 后端實現,需要用到Java的圖片類,生產一個圖片
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//如何讓瀏覽器3秒自動刷新一次;</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"refresh"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"3"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//在內存中創建一個圖片</span>BufferedImage image <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">BufferedImage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>BufferedImage<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TYPE_INT_RGB<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//得到圖片</span>Graphics2D g <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Graphics2D<span class="token punctuation">)</span> image<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getGraphics</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//筆</span><span class="token comment">//設置圖片的背景顏色</span>g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Color<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fillRect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//給圖片寫數據</span>g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Color<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BLUE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setFont</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Font</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>null<span class="token punctuation">,</span>Font<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOLD<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">drawString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">makeNum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//告訴瀏覽器,這個請求用圖片的方式打開</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"image/jpeg"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//網站存在緩存,不讓瀏覽器緩存</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setDateHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"expires"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Cache-Control"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"no-cache"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Pragma"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"no-cache"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//把圖片寫給瀏覽器</span>ImageIO<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>image<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"jpg"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">//生成隨機數</span> <span class="token keyword">private</span> String <span class="token function">makeNum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>Random random <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>String num <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9999999</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>StringBuffer sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token operator">-</span>num<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"0"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>num <span class="token operator">=</span> sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">return</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>}
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常見場景:
- 用戶登錄
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測試:
@override protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req, HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token function">sendRedirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/r/img"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//重定向</span> <span class="token comment">/* resp. setHeader("Location","/r/img"); resp. setstatus (302); *}
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index.jsp
</html>
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RequestTest.java
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//處理方求String username = req.getParameter( s: "username");String password rea.getParameter( s: "password"); System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>username<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">":"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>password<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRedirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"/r/success.jsp"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>}
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重定向頁面success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html><head><title>Title</title></head><body><h1>success</h1></body> </html>- 1
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web.xml配置
<servlet><servlet-name>requset</servlet-name><servlet-class>com. kuang. servlet. RequestTest</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>requset</servlet-name><url-pattern>/login</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>- 1
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導入依賴的jar包
<dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository. com/artifact/javax. servLet/javax. servlet-opi --><dependency><groupld>javax.servlet</grouptd><artifactId>javax. servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.1</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax. servLet.jsp/javax. servLet.jsp-opi --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupld><artifactId>javax. servlet.jsp-api</artifactId><version>2.3.3</version></dependency></dependencies></project>- 1
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6.7、HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客戶端的請求,用戶通過Http協議訪問服務器, HTTP請求中的所有信息會被封裝到HttpServletRequest,通過這個HttpServletRequest的方法,獲得客戶端的所有信息;
獲取參數,請求轉發
自己創建類,且需要繼承HttpServlet類
}
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7、Cookie、Session
7.1、會話
會話:用戶打開一個瀏覽器,點擊了很多超鏈接,訪問多個web資源,關閉瀏覽器,這個過程可以稱之為會話;
有狀態會話:一個同學來過教室,下次再來教室,我們會知道這個同學,曾經來過,稱之為有狀態會話;
你能怎么證明你是西開的學生?
你 西開
一個網站,怎么證明你來過?
客戶端 服務端
7.2、保存會話的兩種技術
cookie
- 客戶端技術 (響應,請求)
session
- 服務器技術,利用這個技術,可以保存用戶的會話信息? 我們可以把信息或者數據放在Session中!
常見常見:網站登錄之后,你下次不用再登錄了,第二次訪問直接就上去了!
7.3、Cookie
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cookie:一般會保存在本地的 用戶目錄下 appdata;
一個網站cookie是否存在上限!聊聊細節問題
- 一個Cookie只能保存一個信息;
- 一個web站點可以給瀏覽器發送多個cookie,最多存放20個cookie;
- Cookie大小有限制4kb;
- 300個cookie瀏覽器上限
刪除Cookie;
- 不設置有效期,關閉瀏覽器,自動失效;
- 設置有效期時間為 0 ;
編碼解碼:
URLEncoder.encode("秦疆","utf-8") URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8")- 1
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7.4、Session(重點)
什么是Session:
- 服務器會給每一個用戶(瀏覽器)創建一個Seesion對象;
- 一個Seesion獨占一個瀏覽器,只要瀏覽器沒有關閉,這個Session就存在;
- 用戶登錄之后,整個網站它都可以訪問!–> 保存用戶的信息;保存購物車的信息……
…
…
…
Session和cookie的區別:
- Cookie是把用戶的數據寫給用戶的瀏覽器,瀏覽器保存 (可以保存多個)
- Session把用戶的數據寫到用戶獨占Session中,服務器端保存 (保存重要的信息,減少服務器資源的浪費)
- Session對象由服務創建;
使用場景:
- 保存一個登錄用戶的信息;
- 購物車信息;
- 在整個網站中經常會使用的數據,我們將它保存在Session中;
使用Session:
package com.kuang.servlet;import com.kuang.pojo.Person;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“JSESSIONID”,sessionId);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
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Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute(“name”);
System.out.println(person.toString());
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute(“name”);
//手動注銷Session
session.invalidate();
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會話自動過期:web.xml配置
<!--設置Session默認的失效時間--> <session-config><!--15分鐘后Session自動失效,以分鐘為單位--><session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config>- 1
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8、JSP
8.1、什么是JSP
Java Server Pages : Java服務器端頁面,也和Servlet一樣,用于動態Web技術!
最大的特點:
- 寫JSP就像在寫HTML
- 區別:
- HTML只給用戶提供靜態的數據
- JSP頁面中可以嵌入JAVA代碼,為用戶提供動態數據;
8.2、JSP原理
思路:JSP到底怎么執行的!
-
代碼層面沒有任何問題
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服務器內部工作
tomcat中有一個work目錄;
IDEA中使用Tomcat的會在IDEA的tomcat中生產一個work目錄
我電腦的地址:
C:\Users\Administrator.IntelliJIdea2018.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_javaweb-session-cookie\work\Catalina\localhost\ROOT\org\apache\jsp
發現頁面轉變成了Java程序!
瀏覽器向服務器發送請求,不管訪問什么資源,其實都是在訪問Servlet!
JSP最終也會被轉換成為一個Java類!
JSP 本質上就是一個Servlet
//初始化public void _jspInit() {}
//銷毀
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
//JSPService
public void _jspService(.HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
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判斷請求
內置一些對象
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; //頁面上下文 javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; //session final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; //applicationContext final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; //config javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; //out final java.lang.Object page = this; //page:當前 HttpServletRequest request //請求 HttpServletResponse response //響應- 1
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輸出頁面前增加的代碼
response.setContentType("text/html"); //設置響應的頁面類型 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out;- 1
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以上的這些個對象我們可以在JSP頁面中直接使用!
在JSP頁面中;
只要是 JAVA代碼就會原封不動的輸出;
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這樣的格式,輸出到前端!
8.3、JSP基礎語法
任何語言都有自己的語法,JAVA中有,。 JSP 作為java技術的一種應用,它擁有一些自己擴充的語法(了解,知道即可!),Java所有語法都支持!
JSP表達式
<%--JSP表達式作用:用來將程序的輸出,輸出到客戶端<%= 變量或者表達式%>--%><%= new java.util.Date()%>- 1
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jsp腳本片段
<%--jsp腳本片段--%><%int sum = 0;for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {sum+=i;}out.println("<h1>Sum="+sum+"</h1>");%>- 1
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腳本片段的再實現
<%int x = 10;out.println(x);%><p>這是一個JSP文檔</p><%int y = 2;out.println(y);%><hr>
<%–在代碼嵌入HTML元素–%>
<%
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
%>
<h1>Hello,World <%=i%> </h1>
<%
}
%>
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JSP聲明
<%!static {System.out.println("Loading Servlet!");} <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> globalVar <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">kuang</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"進入了方法Kuang!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>%>
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JSP聲明:會被編譯到JSP生成Java的類中!其他的,就會被生成到_jspService方法中!
在JSP,嵌入Java代碼即可!
<%%> <%=%> <%!%><%–注釋–%>
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JSP的注釋,不會在客戶端顯示,HTML就會!
8.4、JSP指令
<%@page args.... %> <%@include file=""%><%–@include會將兩個頁面合二為一–%>
<%@include file=“common/header.jsp”%>
<h1>網頁主體</h1>
<%@include file=“common/footer.jsp”%>
<hr>
<%–jSP標簽
jsp:include:拼接頁面,本質還是三個
–%>
<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>網頁主體</h1>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>
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8.5、9大內置對象
- PageContext 存東西
- Request 存東西
- Response
- Session 存東西
- Application 【SerlvetContext】 存東西
- config 【SerlvetConfig】
- out
- page ,不用了解
- exception
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request:客戶端向服務器發送請求,產生的數據,用戶看完就沒用了,比如:新聞,用戶看完沒用的!
session:客戶端向服務器發送請求,產生的數據,用戶用完一會還有用,比如:購物車;
application:客戶端向服務器發送請求,產生的數據,一個用戶用完了,其他用戶還可能使用,比如:聊天數據;
8.6、JSP標簽、JSTL標簽、EL表達式
<!-- JSTL表達式的依賴 --> <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId><artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId><version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- standard標簽庫 --> <dependency><groupId>taglibs</groupId><artifactId>standard</artifactId><version>1.1.2</version> </dependency>- 1
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EL表達式: ${ }
- 獲取數據
- 執行運算
- 獲取web開發的常用對象
JSP標簽
<%--jsp:include--%><%–
http://localhost:8080/jsptag.jsp?name=kuangshen&age=12
–%>
<jsp:forward page="/jsptag2.jsp">
<jsp:param name=“name” value=“kuangshen”></jsp:param>
<jsp:param name=“age” value=“12”></jsp:param>
</jsp:forward>
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JSTL表達式
JSTL標簽庫的使用就是為了彌補HTML標簽的不足;它自定義許多標簽,可以供我們使用,標簽的功能和Java代碼一樣!
格式化標簽
SQL標簽
XML 標簽
核心標簽 (掌握部分)
JSTL標簽庫使用步驟
- 引入對應的 taglib
- 使用其中的方法
- 在Tomcat 也需要引入 jstl的包,否則會報錯:JSTL解析錯誤
c:if
<head><title>Title</title> </head> <body><h4>if測試</h4>
<hr>
<form action=“coreif.jsp” method=“get”>
<%–
EL表達式獲取表單中的數據
KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 283: …oken operator">&?lt;</span>input…{param.username}">
<input type=“submit” value=“登錄”>
</form>
<%–判斷如果提交的用戶名是管理員,則登錄成功–%>
<c:if test="${param.username==‘admin’}" var=“isAdmin”>
<c:out value=“管理員歡迎您!”/>
</c:if>
<%–自閉合標簽–%>
<c:out value="${isAdmin}"/>
</body>
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c:choose c:when
<body><%–定義一個變量score,值為85–%>
<c:set var=“score” value=“55”/>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '&' at position 7: {score&?gt;=90}"</span>…{score>=80}">
你的成績為一般
</c:when>
<c:when test="KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '&' at position 7: {score&?gt;=70}"</span>…{score<=60}">
你的成績為不及格
</c:when>
</c:choose>
</body>
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c:forEach
<% ArrayList<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> people <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"張三"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"李四"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"王五"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"趙六"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"田六"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>people<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>%>
<%–
var , 每一次遍歷出來的變量
items, 要遍歷的對象
begin, 哪里開始
end, 到哪里
step, 步長
–%>
<c:forEach var=“people” items="KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 44: …oken operator">&?gt;</span> …{people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>
<hr>
<c:forEach var=“people” items="KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 282: …oken operator">&?gt;</span> …{people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>
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9、JavaBean
實體類
JavaBean有特定的寫法:
- 必須要有一個無參構造
- 屬性必須私有化
- 必須有對應的get/set方法;
一般用來和數據庫的字段做映射 ORM;
ORM :對象關系映射
- 表—>類
- 字段–>屬性
- 行記錄---->對象
people表
| 1 | 秦疆1號 | 3 | 西安 |
| 2 | 秦疆2號 | 18 | 西安 |
| 3 | 秦疆3號 | 100 | 西安 |
class A{
new People(1,“秦疆1號”,3,“西安”);
new People(2,“秦疆2號”,3,“西安”);
new People(3,“秦疆3號”,3,“西安”);
}
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- 過濾器
- 文件上傳
- 郵件發送
- JDBC 復習 : 如何使用JDBC , JDBC crud, jdbc 事務
10、MVC三層架構
- 什么是MVC: Model view Controller 模型、視圖、控制器
10.1、以前的架構
用戶直接訪問控制層,控制層就可以直接操作數據庫;
servlet--CRUD-->數據庫 弊端:程序十分臃腫,不利于維護 servlet的代碼中:處理請求、響應、視圖跳轉、處理JDBC、處理業務代碼、處理邏輯代碼架構:沒有什么是加一層解決不了的!
程序猿調用
↑
JDBC (實現該接口)
↑
Mysql Oracle SqlServer ....(不同廠商)
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10.2、MVC三層架構
Model
- 業務處理 :業務邏輯(Service)
- 數據持久層:CRUD (Dao - 數據持久化對象)
View
- 展示數據
- 提供鏈接發起Servlet請求 (a,form,img…)
Controller (Servlet)
-
接收用戶的請求 :(req:請求參數、Session信息….)
-
交給業務層處理對應的代碼
-
控制視圖的跳轉
登錄--->接收用戶的登錄請求--->處理用戶的請求(獲取用戶登錄的參數,username,password)---->交給業務層處理登錄業務(判斷用戶名密碼是否正確:事務)--->Dao層查詢用戶名和密碼是否正確-->數據庫- 1
11、Filter (重點)
比如 Shiro安全框架技術就是用Filter來實現的
Filter:過濾器 ,用來過濾網站的數據;
- 處理中文亂碼
- 登錄驗證….
(比如用來過濾網上罵人的話,我***我自己 0-0)
Filter開發步驟:
導包
編寫過濾器
實現Filter接口,重寫對應的方法即可
```javapublic class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter { //初始化:web服務器啟動,就以及初始化了,隨時等待過濾對象出現!public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");}//Chain : 鏈/*1. 過濾中的所有代碼,在過濾特定請求的時候都會執行2. 必須要讓過濾器繼續同行chain.doFilter(request,response);*/public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter執行前....");chain.doFilter(request,response); //讓我們的請求繼續走,如果不寫,程序到這里就被攔截停止!System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter執行后....");}//銷毀:web服務器關閉的時候,過濾器會銷毀public void destroy() {System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter銷毀");}}
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li></ul></pre> <ol start="3"> <li> <p>在web.xml中配置 Filter</p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-xml has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>filter</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>filter-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>CharacterEncodingFilter<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>filter-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>filter-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>com.kuang.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>filter-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>filter</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>filter-mapping</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>filter-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>CharacterEncodingFilter<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>filter-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token comment"><!--只要是 /servlet的任何請求,會經過這個過濾器--></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>url-pattern</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>/servlet/*<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>url-pattern</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token comment"><!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>--></span><span class="token comment"><!-- 別偷懶寫個 /* --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>filter-mapping</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li></ul></pre> </li> </ol> <h2><a name="t52"></a><a name="t52"></a><a id="12_1653"></a>12、監聽器</h2> <p>實現一個監聽器的接口;(有n種監聽器)</p> <ol> <li> <p>編寫一個監聽器</p> <p>實現監聽器的接口…</p> <p>依賴的jar包<img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020050820562995.png" alt="在這里插入圖片描述"></p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token comment">//統計網站在線人數 : 統計session</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">OnlineCountListener</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">HttpSessionListener</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//創建session監聽: 看你的一舉一動</span><span class="token comment">//一旦創建Session就會觸發一次這個事件!</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sessionCreated</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpSessionEvent se<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>ServletContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>Integer onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>onlineCount<span class="token operator">==</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">intValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">//銷毀session監聽</span><span class="token comment">//一旦銷毀Session就會觸發一次這個事件!</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sessionDestroyed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpSessionEvent se<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>ServletContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>Integer onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>onlineCount<span class="token operator">==</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">intValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">/*Session銷毀:1. 手動銷毀 getSession().invalidate();2. 自動銷毀*/</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 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style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li></ul></pre> </li> <li> <p>web.xml中注冊監聽器</p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-xml has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token comment"><!--注冊監聽器--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>listener</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>listener-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>com.kuang.listener.OnlineCountListener<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>listener-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>listener</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li></ul></pre> </li> <li> <p>看情況是否使用!</p> </li> </ol> <h2><a name="t53"></a><a name="t53"></a><a id="13_1726"></a>13、過濾器、監聽器常見應用</h2> <p><strong>監聽器:GUI編程中經常使用;</strong></p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TestPanel</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Frame frame <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Frame</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"中秋節快樂"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//新建一個窗體</span>Panel panel <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Panel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//面板</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setLayout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//設置窗體的布局</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBounds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBackground</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//設置背景顏色</span>panel<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBounds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>panel<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBackground</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//設置背景顏色</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>panel<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//監聽事件,監聽關閉事件</span>frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addWindowListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WindowAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">windowClosing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WindowEvent e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">windowClosing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li></ul></pre> <p>用戶登錄之后才能進入主頁!用戶注銷后就不能進入主頁了!</p> <ol> <li> <p>用戶登錄之后,向Sesison中放入用戶的數據</p> </li> <li> <p>進入主頁的時候要判斷用戶是否已經登錄;要求:在過濾器中實現!</p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;">HttpServletRequest request <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> req<span class="token punctuation">;</span> HttpServletResponse response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Constant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>USER_SESSION<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">==</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRedirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/error.jsp"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>chain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doFilter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>request<span class="token punctuation">,</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li></ul></pre> </li> </ol> <h2><a name="t54"></a><a name="t54"></a><a id="14JDBC_1778"></a>14、JDBC</h2> <p>什么是JDBC : Java連接數據庫!</p> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200508154620734.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JlbGxfbG92ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="[(img-rZzTXmtn-1588757845422)(JavaWeb.assets/1568439601825.png)]"></p> <p>需要jar包的支持:</p> <ul> <li>java.sql</li> <li>javax.sql</li> <li>mysql-conneter-java… 連接驅動(必須要導入)</li> </ul> <p><strong>實驗環境搭建</strong></p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-sql has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> users<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id <span class="token keyword">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>name<span class="token punctuation">`</span> <span class="token keyword">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>password<span class="token punctuation">`</span> <span class="token keyword">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>email <span class="token keyword">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>birthday <span class="token keyword">DATE</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> users<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>name<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>password<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>birthday<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'張三'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'123456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'zs@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'2000-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> users<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>name<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>password<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>birthday<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'李四'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'123456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'ls@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'2000-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> users<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>name<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">`</span>password<span class="token punctuation">`</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>email<span class="token punctuation">,</span>birthday<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'王五'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'123456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'ww@qq.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'2000-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> users<span class="token punctuation">;</span><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li></ul></pre> <p>導入數據庫依賴</p> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-xml has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token comment"><!--mysql的驅動--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>mysql<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>mysql-connector-java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>5.1.47<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="復制"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li></ul></pre> <p>IDEA中連接數據庫:</p> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200508154638633.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JlbGxfbG92ZQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="[(img-XErw4ElS-1588757845423)(JavaWeb.assets/1568440926845.png)]"></p> <p><strong>JDBC 固定步驟:</strong></p> <ol> <li>加載驅動</li> <li>連接數據庫,代表數據庫</li> <li>向數據庫發送SQL的對象Statement : CRUD</li> <li>編寫SQL (根據業務,不同的SQL)</li> <li>執行SQL</li> <li>關閉連接(先開的后關)</li> </ol> <pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">TestJdbc</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SQLException <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">//配置信息</span><span class="token comment">//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解決中文亂碼</span>String url<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>String username <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>String password <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"123456"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//1.加載驅動</span>Class<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//2.連接數據庫,代表數據庫</span>Connection connection <span class="token operator">=</span> DriverManager<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//3.向數據庫發送SQL的對象Statement,PreparedStatement : CRUD</span>Statement statement <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createStatement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//4.編寫SQ總結
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