自建私有云与公有云托管对比_云托管：利与弊
自建私有云與公有云托管對比
This article is part of a series created in partnership with SiteGround. Thank you for supporting the partners who make SitePoint possible.
本文是與SiteGround合作創建的系列文章的一部分。 感謝您支持使SitePoint成為可能的合作伙伴。
We’ve recently discussed two types of hosting service:
我們最近討論了兩種類型的托管服務：
Dedicated Servers
專用服務器
You own/rent one or more servers at your host’s data center for your sole use.
您在主機的數據中心擁有/租用一臺或多臺服務器，僅供您自己使用。
Shared Servers
共享服務器
You rent space and processing capacity on a server which may also be used by many other companies and websites.
您在服務器上租用空間和處理能力，許多其他公司和網站也可能會使用它。
In general, a dedicated server is normally more flexible and you can configure it as you wish. A shared server may offer fewer options but is easier to manage and normally costs less.
通常，專用服務器通常更靈活，您可以根據需要對其進行配置。 共享服務器可能提供更少的選項，但更易于管理，并且通常成本更低。
Cloud hosting can be a good compromise between the two and brings other benefits. Let’s discuss the terminology and concepts before we go any further.
云托管可以很好地兼顧兩者，并帶來其他好處。 在進一步討論之前，讓我們討論一下術語和概念。
什么是云？ (What is the Cloud?)
The “cloud” and “cloud computing” are marketing buzzwords for the web. That’s it. Rather than buying software and storing data on your PC’s hard disk, you use an online application. That typically runs and stores data on a web server while displaying the interface within a web browser. In other words, you’re accessing software on-demand and sharing computing resources with others.
“云”和“云計算”是網絡營銷的流行語。 而已。 您可以使用在線應用程序，而不是購買軟件并將數據存儲在PC的硬盤上。 它通常在Web瀏覽器中顯示界面的同時在Web服務器上運行并存儲數據。 換句話說，您正在按需訪問軟件并與他人共享計算資源。
A web application can be hosted on a shared or dedicated server but scaling may become difficult. Perhaps the application works well with fifty concurrent users, but how does it cope with 1,000? How quickly could you migrate to a better service or server? What if user demand returned to normal levels after a few hours?
Web應用程序可以托管在共享或專用服務器上，但擴展可能會變得困難。 也許該應用程序可以與五十個并發用戶一起很好地工作，但是如何應付1,000個呢？ 您多快可以遷移到更好的服務或服務器？ 如果幾個小時后用戶需求恢復正常水平該怎么辦？
什么是云托管？ (What is Cloud Hosting?)
Cloud hosting allows resources to be rapidly provisioned on demand. You can quickly add further processors, RAM or disk capacity and hosts such as SiteGround can automatically scale according to peaks in traffic.
云托管允許按需快速配置資源。 您可以快速添加更多處理器，RAM或磁盤容量， SiteGround之類的主機可以根據流量高峰自動擴展。
Auto-scaling is a great option for short-term campaigns when you know you’ll have huge traffic while a particular event takes place. In these situations, additional resources will be automatically added when the traffic kicks in, so you won’t have to worry about it.
當您知道某個特定事件發生時會產生大量流量時，自動調整比例是短期廣告系列的絕佳選擇。 在這些情況下，當流量增加時，將自動添加其他資源，因此您不必擔心。
Technologies differ but most cloud hosts depend on virtual machines.
技術有所不同，但是大多數云主機都依賴于虛擬機。
什么是虛擬機？ (What is a Virtual Machine?)
You have probably encountered emulators which recreate one computing device on another. For example, the Internet Archive allows you to play old arcade games, run Windows 3.1 or an Apple Macintosh from your browser.
您可能已經遇到了在另一臺計算機上重新創建一個計算設備的仿真器。 例如， Internet存檔允許您玩舊的街機游戲 ，從瀏覽器運行Windows 3.1或Apple Macintosh 。
It’s important to understand these are the original systems obtained from old disks and ROM chips — they are not faithful recreations. The hardware is being emulated. The legacy software may be saying “put this image on screen” — in the examples above, that instruction is intercepted by JavaScript, translated to HTML5 canvas code, and an appropriate response is returned. The software thinks it’s running on a compatible device.
重要的是要了解這些是從舊磁盤和ROM芯片獲得的原始系統-它們不是忠實的娛樂活動。 硬件正在被仿真。 舊版軟件可能會說“將該圖像顯示在屏幕上”-在上面的示例中，該指令被JavaScript攔截，轉換為HTML5 canvas代碼，并返回適當的響應。 該軟件認為它正在兼容設備上運行。
A Virtual Machine (VM) is a similar concept. Software such as VWware, VirtualBox and Hyper-V emulate a PC on a PC using software-driven recreations of standard hardware. You can therefore run any guest operating system “within” any other operating system.
虛擬機(VM)是類似的概念。 VWware ， VirtualBox和Hyper-V之類的軟件使用軟件驅動的標準硬件復制在PC上模擬PC。 因此，您可以在任何其他操作系統內“運行”任何來賓操作系統。
Cloud hosts can therefore provide a virtual machine which is functionally identical to a dedicated server. However, they are simply data files emulating a real server so there are several practical implications:
因此，云主機可以提供功能上與專用服務器相同的虛擬機。 但是，它們只是模擬真實服務器的數據文件，因此存在一些實際含義：
所有云主機都以相同的方式工作嗎？ (Do All Cloud Hosts Work in the Same Way?)
No. Most cloud hosts use some sort of Virtual Machine architecture but services can differ. For example:
否。大多數云主機使用某種虛擬機架構，但服務可能有所不同。 例如：
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
基礎架構即服務(IaaS)
Perhaps the closest to dedicated hosting, IaaS provides virtualization facilities but you choose your OS, install your software stack and keep it updated.
IaaS也許是最接近專用主機的一種，它提供虛擬化功能，但您可以選擇操作系統，安裝軟件堆棧并保持更新。
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
平臺即服務(PaaS)
Perhaps the closest to shared hosting, PaaS provides a specific platform for running particular types of application.
PaaS也許是最接近共享托管的平臺，它為運行特定類型的應用程序提供了特定的平臺。
Software as a Service (SaaS)
軟件即服務(SaaS)
Typically on-demand software. For example, you could use a third-party service to store data rather than maintain your own MySQL installation.
通常是按需軟件。 例如，您可以使用第三方服務來存儲數據，而不是維護自己MySQL安裝。
Serverless or Functions as a Service (FaaS)
無服務器或功能即服務(FaaS)
An abstracted application environment which manages logic and state. You write functions or micro-services which use that architecture without having to worry about the underlying software.
管理邏輯和狀態的抽象應用程序環境。 您編寫使用該體系結構的功能或微服務，而不必擔心基礎軟件。
Not all services fit neatly into one of these categories!
并非所有服務都完全適合這些類別之一！
云托管的利與弊 (Cloud Hosting Pros and Cons)
My previous articles examined ease of use, flexibility, capabilities, safety and security when comparing dedicated servers with shared servers. These are less relevant to cloud hosting because the service will determine those factors. For example, cloud hosting can be as difficult as an unmanaged dedicated server or easier as the simplest shared server solution. It’s up to you.
我以前的文章在比較專用服務器和共享服務器時檢查了易用性，靈活性，功能，安全性和安全性。 這些與云托管無關，因為服務將確定這些因素。 例如，云托管可能像非托管專用服務器一樣困難，或者像最簡單的共享服務器解決方案一樣容易。 由你決定。
This leaves us with three other metrics…
這給我們留下了另外三個指標……
性能 (Performance)
A cloud host can automatically allocate resources as traffic increases although it will depend on your host and service plan. Some may apply specific limits although it is usually possible to upgrade the number of CPUs, RAM and disk space. Hosts such as SiteGround can apply new limits without a reboot.
云主機可以隨著流量的增加自動分配資源，盡管這將取決于您的主機和服務計劃。 盡管通常可以升級CPU，RAM和磁盤空間的數量，但有些可能會應用特定的限制。 諸如SiteGround的主機可以應用新的限制而無需重新啟動。
可靠性 (Reliability)
Dedicated and shared servers fail. Hosts take precautions to minimize risk but an overheating CPU or disk corruption can bring the system down. Cloud services have less dependency on real hardware. Processing can be shared across multiple servers; failures still occur but your website or application remains active.
專用服務器和共享服務器失敗。 主機采取預防措施以最大程度地降低風險，但是CPU過熱或磁盤損壞會導致系統崩潰。 云服務對真實硬件的依賴性較小。 可以在多個服務器之間共享處理； 仍然會發生故障，但是您的網站或應用程序仍處于活動狀態。
成本 (Cost)
Cloud hosting is often compared to a utility such as gas, electricity or water: you pay for what you use. The reality is usually more complex and pricing incurs a mixture of fixed and variable-rate charges. Your monthly payment could differ considerably from month to month.
通常將云托管與諸如天然氣，電力或水之類的實用工具進行比較：您為使用的東西付費。 現實通常更為復雜，定價會同時產生固定費用和浮動費用。 您每個月的月付款可能會相差很大。
誰應該選擇云托管？ (Who Should Choose Cloud Hosting?)
Long term, I suspect cloud hosting will replace both shared and dedicated server plans. Everyone will use a cloud service whether they’re aware of it or not.
長期來看，我懷疑云托管將取代共享和專用服務器計劃。 每個人都將使用云服務，無論他們是否意識到。
That said, the cloud hosting industry is in its infancy. The variety of services is growing exponentially and the market changes on a daily basis. Choosing the right plan for your business can be difficult when services are not directly comparable and costs are unknown until you start hosting.
也就是說，云托管行業尚處于起步階段。 服務的種類呈指數增長，市場每天都在變化。 如果無法直接比較服務并且在開始托管之前費用未知，則為您的業務選擇正確的計劃可能會很困難。
Some hosts pitch cloud services mid-way between shared and dedicated hosting plans. Perhaps that’s the best option at the current time. Consider a cloud service as you move beyond the limits of shared hosting.
一些主機將云服務置于共享和專用主機計劃之間。 也許這是當前最好的選擇。 當您超越共享托管的限制時，請考慮使用云服務。
翻譯自: https://www.sitepoint.com/cloud-hosting-pros-cons/
自建私有云與公有云托管對比
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