怎么对XFS进行备份、恢复、修复
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怎么对XFS进行备份、恢复、修复
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XFS是高性能文件系統，由于它的高性能，XFS成為了許多企業級系統的首選，特別是有大量數據，需要結構化伸縮性和穩定性的。例如，RHEL/CentOS 7 和Oracle Linux將XFS作為默認文件系統，SUSE/openSUSE已經為XFS做了長期支持。
一、XFS文件系統的備份與恢復
XFS文件系統提供了整個分區備份的工具xfsdump供用戶使用，用戶可以在不借助第三方軟件的情況下對XFS文件系統上的數據實施備份。
創建XFS分區及測試文件
[root@localhost~]#ls/dev/sd*/dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sdb
[root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdbWelcometofdisk(util-linux2.23.2).
Changeswillremaininmemoryonly,untilyoudecidetowritethem.
Becarefulbeforeusingthewritecommand.
Command(mforhelp):p
Disk/dev/sdb:21.5GB,21474836480bytes,41943040sectors
Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes
Disklabeltype:dos
Diskidentifier:0x08a5199d
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
Command(mforhelp):n
Partitiontype:
pprimary(0primary,0extended,4free)
eextended
Select(defaultp):p
Firstsector(2048-41943039,default2048):
Usingdefaultvalue2048
Lastsector,+sectorsor+size{K,M,G}(2048-41943039,default41943039):+1G
Partition1oftypeLinuxandofsize1GiBissetCommand(mforhelp):p
Disk/dev/sdb:21.5GB,21474836480bytes,41943040sectors
Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes
Disklabeltype:dos
Diskidentifier:0x08a5199d
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb120482099199104857683Linux
Command(mforhelp):w
Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
Syncingdisks.
[root@localhost~]#partprobeWarning:Unabletoopen/dev/sr0read-write(Read-onlyfilesystem)./dev/sr0hasbeenopenedread-only.
[root@localhost~]#ls/dev/sd*/dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sdb/dev/sdb1
[root@localhost~]#mkfs.xfs-f/dev/sdb1meta-data=/dev/sdb1isize=512agcount=4,agsize=65536blks
=sectsz=512attr=2,projid32bit=1
=crc=1finobt=0,sparse=0
data=bsize=4096blocks=262144,imaxpct=25
=sunit=0swidth=0blks
naming=version2bsize=4096ascii-ci=0ftype=1log=internallogbsize=4096blocks=2560,version=2
=sectsz=512sunit=0blks,lazy-count=1
realtime=noneextsz=4096blocks=0,rtextents=0
[root@localhost~]#blkid/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1:UUID="61a5e59d-92d3-458d-ac09-7d945469cda6"TYPE="xfs"[root@localhost~]#mkdir/file[root@localhost~]#echo"/dev/sdb1/filexfsdefaults00">>/etc/fstab[root@localhost~]#mount-a[root@localhost~]#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
/dev/mapper/rhel-root17G1.9G16G12%/
devtmpfs901M0901M0%/dev
tmpfs912M0912M0%/dev/shm
tmpfs912M8.7M903M1%/run
tmpfs912M0912M0%/sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr03.8G3.8G0100%/yum
/dev/sda11014M143M872M15%/boot
tmpfs183M0183M0%/run/user/0
/dev/sdb11014M33M982M4%/file
[root@localhost~]#cd/file/[root@localhostfile]#ls[root@localhostfile]#touchfile{1..100}[root@localhostfile]#lsfile1file16file23file30file38file45file52file6file67file74file81file89file96
file10file17file24file31file39file46file53file60file68file75file82file9file97
file100file18file25file32file4file47file54file61file69file76file83file90file98
file11file19file26file33file40file48file55file62file7file77file84file91file99
file12file2file27file34file41file49file56file63file70file78file85file92
file13file20file28file35file42file5file57file64file71file79file86file93
file14file21file29file36file43file50file58file65file72file8file87file94
file15file22file3file37file44file51file59file66file73file80file88file95
備份XFS分區
[root@localhostfile]#mkdir/backup[root@localhostfile]#yuminstall-yxfsdump[root@localhostfile]#xfsdump-f/backup/file.bak/file#利用xfsdump備份掛載點/file對應的分區xfsdump:usingfiledump(drive_simple)strategy xfsdump:version3.1.4(dumpformat3.0)-type^Cforstatusandcontrol =============================dumplabeldialog==============================#輸入dump會話標簽pleaseenterlabelforthisdumpsession(timeoutin300sec) ->file.bak sessionlabelentered:"file.bak"---------------------------------enddialog--------------------------------- xfsdump:level0dumpoflocalhost.localdomain:/file xfsdump:dumpdate:ThuOct3122:16:022019 xfsdump:sessionid:02a1445f-5ff3-4518-ab2c-888d9e2a4c44 xfsdump:sessionlabel:"file.bak"xfsdump:inomapphase1:constructinginitialdumplist xfsdump:inomapphase2:skipping(nopruningnecessary) xfsdump:inomapphase3:skipping(onlyonedumpstream) xfsdump:inomapconstructioncomplete xfsdump:estimateddumpsize:52800bytes =============================medialabeldialog=============================#輸入媒體標簽pleaseenterlabelformediaindrive0(timeoutin300sec) ->file medialabelentered:"file"---------------------------------enddialog--------------------------------- xfsdump:creatingdumpsessionmediafile0(media0,file0) xfsdump:dumpinginomap xfsdump:dumpingdirectories xfsdump:dumpingnon-directoryfiles xfsdump:endingmediafile xfsdump:mediafilesize86544bytes xfsdump:dumpsize(non-dirfiles):0bytes xfsdump:dumpcomplete:27secondselapsed xfsdump:DumpSummary: xfsdump:stream0/backup/file.bakOK(success) xfsdump:DumpStatus:SUCCESS [root@localhostfile]#ls/backup/#已經成功創建備份文件file.bak
恢復過程
[root@localhostfile]#lsfile1file16file23file30file38file45file52file6file67file74file81file89file96 file10file17file24file31file39file46file53file60file68file75file82file9file97 file100file18file25file32file4file47file54file61file69file76file83file90file98 file11file19file26file33file40file48file55file62file7file77file84file91file99 file12file2file27file34file41file49file56file63file70file78file85file92 file13file20file28file35file42file5file57file64file71file79file86file93 file14file21file29file36file43file50file58file65file72file8file87file94 file15file22file3file37file44file51file59file66file73file80file88file95 [root@localhostfile]#rm-rf*[root@localhostfile]#ls[root@localhostfile]#xfsrestore-f/backup/file.bak/filexfsrestore:usingfiledump(drive_simple)strategy xfsrestore:version3.1.4(dumpformat3.0)-type^Cforstatusandcontrol xfsrestore:searchingmediafordump xfsrestore:examiningmediafile0 xfsrestore:dumpdescription: xfsrestore:hostname:localhost.localdomain xfsrestore:mountpoint:/file xfsrestore:volume:/dev/sdb1 xfsrestore:sessiontime:ThuOct3122:16:022019 xfsrestore:level:0 xfsrestore:sessionlabel:"file.bak"xfsrestore:medialabel:"file"xfsrestore:filesystemid:61a5e59d-92d3-458d-ac09-7d945469cda6 xfsrestore:sessionid:02a1445f-5ff3-4518-ab2c-888d9e2a4c44 xfsrestore:mediaid:2d1d9f33-dff3-4cfa-a2f6-bf65bd8f242b xfsrestore:usingonlinesessioninventory xfsrestore:searchingmediafordirectorydump xfsrestore:readingdirectories xfsrestore:1directoriesand100entriesprocessed xfsrestore:directorypost-processing xfsrestore:restoringnon-directoryfiles xfsrestore:restorecomplete:0secondselapsed xfsrestore:RestoreSummary: xfsrestore:stream0/backup/file.bakOK(success) xfsrestore:RestoreStatus:SUCCESS [root@localhostfile]#ls#已經成功恢復被刪除的文件file1file16file23file30file38file45file52file6file67file74file81file89file96 file10file17file24file31file39file46file53file60file68file75file82file9file97 file100file18file25file32file4file47file54file61file69file76file83file90file98 file11file19file26file33file40file48file55file62file7file77file84file91file99 file12file2file27file34file41file49file56file63file70file78file85file92 file13file20file28file35file42file5file57file64file71file79file86file93 file14file21file29file36file43file50file58file65file72file8file87file94 file15file22file3file37file44file51file59file66file73file80file88file95
二、XFS文件系統的檢查和修復
創建XFS測試分區
[root@localhostfile]#fdisk/dev/sdbWelcometofdisk(util-linux2.23.2).
Changeswillremaininmemoryonly,untilyoudecidetowritethem.
Becarefulbeforeusingthewritecommand.
Command(mforhelp):p
Disk/dev/sdb:21.5GB,21474836480bytes,41943040sectors
Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes
Disklabeltype:dos
Diskidentifier:0x08a5199d
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb120482099199104857683Linux
Command(mforhelp):n
Partitiontype:
pprimary(1primary,0extended,3free)
eextended
Select(defaultp):p
Partitionnumber(2-4,default2):
Firstsector(2099200-41943039,default2099200):
Usingdefaultvalue2099200
Lastsector,+sectorsor+size{K,M,G}(2099200-41943039,default41943039):+1G
Partition2oftypeLinuxandofsize1GiBissetCommand(mforhelp):p
Disk/dev/sdb:21.5GB,21474836480bytes,41943040sectors
Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes
Disklabeltype:dos
Diskidentifier:0x08a5199d
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb120482099199104857683Linux
/dev/sdb220992004196351104857683Linux
Command(mforhelp):w
Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
WARNING:Re-readingthepartitiontablefailedwitherror16:Deviceorresourcebusy.
Thekernelstillusestheoldtable.Thenewtablewillbeusedat
thenextrebootorafteryourunpartprobe(8)orkpartx(8)
Syncingdisks.
[root@localhostfile]#partprobeWarning:Unabletoopen/dev/sr0read-write(Read-onlyfilesystem)./dev/sr0hasbeenopenedread-only.
[root@localhostfile]#ls/dev/sd*/dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sdb/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb2
[root@localhostfile]#mkfs.xfs/dev/sdb2meta-data=/dev/sdb2isize=512agcount=4,agsize=65536blks
=sectsz=512attr=2,projid32bit=1
=crc=1finobt=0,sparse=0
data=bsize=4096blocks=262144,imaxpct=25
=sunit=0swidth=0blks
naming=version2bsize=4096ascii-ci=0ftype=1log=internallogbsize=4096blocks=2560,version=2
=sectsz=512sunit=0blks,lazy-count=1
realtime=noneextsz=4096blocks=0,rtextents=0
檢查XFS文件系統，如果檢查過程中發現問題將會列出
[root@localhostfile]#xfs_repair-n/dev/sdb2Phase1-findandverifysuperblock... Phase2-usinginternallog-zerolog... -scanfilesystemfreespaceandinodemaps... -foundrootinodechunk Phase3-foreachAG... -scan(butdon'tclear)agiunlinkedlists... -processknowninodesandperforminodediscovery... -agno=0 -agno=1 -agno=2 -agno=3 -processnewlydiscoveredinodes... Phase4-checkforduplicateblocks... -settingupduplicateextentlist... -checkforinodesclaimingduplicateblocks... -agno=0 -agno=1 -agno=2 -agno=3 Nomodifyflagset,skippingphase5 Phase6-checkinodeconnectivity... -traversingfilesystem... -traversalfinished... -movingdisconnectedinodestolost+found... Phase7-verifylinkcounts... Nomodifyflagset,skippingfilesystemflushandexiting.
自動檢查并修復XFS文件系統
[root@localhostfile]#xfs_repair/dev/sdb2Phase1-findandverifysuperblock... Phase2-usinginternallog-zerolog... -scanfilesystemfreespaceandinodemaps... -foundrootinodechunk Phase3-foreachAG... -scanandclearagiunlinkedlists... -processknowninodesandperforminodediscovery... -agno=0 -agno=1 -agno=2 -agno=3 -processnewlydiscoveredinodes... Phase4-checkforduplicateblocks... -settingupduplicateextentlist... -checkforinodesclaimingduplicateblocks... -agno=0 -agno=1 -agno=2 -agno=3 Phase5-rebuildAGheadersandtrees... -resetsuperblock... Phase6-checkinodeconnectivity... -resettingcontentsofrealtimebitmapandsummaryinodes -traversingfilesystem... -traversalfinished... -movingdisconnectedinodestolost+found... Phase7-verifyandcorrectlinkcounts...done
總結
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