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為什么不宜濫用not

一想到否定，我們都下意識地使用not，但有時候使用not的情況只會使句子語義模糊，因為它給出的只是一個大范圍。而在英文寫作中，語義越明確能越有效地傳達意思。

例如：She is not happy. 我們只知道她是不開心的。但不開心到什么程度呢？如果說She is depressed. 那么語義就顯得更明確了。

又如：The playground is not small. 不如用 “The playground is as large as ten basketball courts. ”來得更直觀明確。

其次，not使用過多，你的表達看上去會有種幼稚感。來對比以下幾組句子：

The environment we are living in is not as good as before.

The environment we are living in has deteriorated.

They didn’t spend much time together, so at last they got divorced.

Failure to spend much time together led to their final divorce.

大家可以看出，上面兩組的第二個句子質(zhì)量明顯高出一些。

如何用其他方法去表達否定

說了以上這些理由，并不是強調(diào)我們不能使用not或no，而是說不要每一處否定我們只能想到用not，掌握一些其他表達，會使我們的句子更多樣化，更靈活。

那么我們結(jié)合上面的例子來總結(jié)一下有哪些實用的表達。

1. 掌握反義詞，如例子中的happy – depressed, small – large。

例：

He didn’t always win the arguments, but he was often right.

He sometimes lost the arguments, but he was often right.

2. 掌握帶否定前綴的詞，如unable, unimportant, degenerate, disillusioned, irregular等。

例：

What he said was not related to what he did.

What he said was unrelated to what he did.

If we can’t recognize the English names for some food, we will meet some trouble in America.

Inability to recognize the English names for some food will cause us some trouble in America.

3. 掌握含有否定意義的動詞及動詞詞組，如fail, miss, lose, avoid, deny, deprive, lack, fall short of。

例：

The woman didn’t allow her ex-husband to get close to her son.

The woman denied her ex-husband access to her son.

If you accept homeschooling, you will not have the opportunity to mix with your peers.

If you accept homeschooling, you will miss out on / be deprived of the opportunity to mix with your peers.

He would fire the employees who didn’t reach his high standards.

He would fire the employees who fell short of his high standards.

4. 記住常用的含否定含義的介詞及其他詞組，如without, beyond, above, far from, free from, more than(不僅僅), instead of, rather than。

例：

If children are not supervised by their parents, they may be indulged in using electronic products.

Without parental supervision, children may be indulged in using electronic products.

Because there are too many new words, the children cannot understand the article.

Due to too many new words, the article is beyond / above the children’s understanding.

Your suggestion is not feasible at all.

Your suggestion is far from feasible.

Prison is not just a punishment machine.

Prison is more than a punishment machine.

實踐一下

用以上的方法來替代not

• To reduce children’s leisure time is not a correct way.
• Punishment aims to make them not make the same mistakes again.

答案可以留言哦。

總結(jié)

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