unison?+?inotify?實現文件實時雙向同步部署步驟

一.?Unison簡介

Unison是Windows、Linux以及其他Unix平臺下都可以使用的文件同步工具，它能使兩個文件夾（本地或網絡上的）保持內容的一致。Unison擁有與其它一些同步工具或文件系統的相同的特性，但也有自身的特點：

1.?跨平臺使用；

2.?對內核和用戶權限沒有特別要求；

3.?Unison是雙向的，它能自動處理兩分拷貝中更新沒有沖突的部分，有沖突的部分將會顯示出來讓用戶選擇更新策略；

4.?只要是能連通的兩臺主機，就可以運行unison，可以直接使用socket連接或安全的ssh連接方式，對帶寬的要求不高，使用類似rsync的壓縮傳輸協議。

二.?編譯安裝Unison

unison各種版本下載地址：

http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison//download.html

unison編譯器下載地址：

http://caml.inria.fr/pub/distrib

從以上地址可以下載各種平臺,各種版本的unison,有基于源碼安裝的,有二進制的,我下載的是二進制的,可以直接使用.這里介紹源碼安裝:

?

1.實驗環境：

??txzlkhdweb1??192.168.16.1??同步目錄?/root/test

??txzlkhdweb2??192.168.16.2??同步目錄?/root/test

?

2.創建共享文件目錄

txzlkhdweb1?:

[root@txzlkhdweb1?/]#?mkdir?/root/test

?

txzlkhdweb2:

[root@txzlkhdweb2?~]#?mkdir?/root/test

?

3.安裝Objective?Caml?compiler

Linux下從源碼包編譯安裝，需要一個叫做Objective?Caml?compiler的工具，版本至少3.0.7，可以從這里下載：http://caml.inria.fr/

[tomcat@txzlkhdweb1?~]$?cd?/usr/local/src/

[tomcat@txzlkhdweb1?~]$?wget?http://caml.inria.fr/pub/distrib/ocaml-3.12/ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz?

--2013-05-03?20:23:02--??http://caml.inria.fr/pub/distrib/ocaml-3.12/ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz

正在解析主機?caml.inria.fr...?128.93.11.35

Connecting?to?caml.inria.fr|128.93.11.35|:80...?已連接。

已發出?HTTP?請求，正在等待回應...?200?OK

長度：3660473?(3.5M)?[application/x-gzip]

Saving?to:?`ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz'

?

100%[======================================>]?3,660,473????150K/s???in?44s?????

?

2013-05-03?20:23:49?(81.5?KB/s)?-?`ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz'?saved?[3660473/3660473]

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?src]#??tar?-zxf?ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?src]#?cd?ocaml-3.12.1?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?ocaml-3.12.1]#?./configure?

Configuring?for?a?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?...

gcc?found

........................................

????????options?for?linking?......?-lX11

The?"labltk"?library:?not?supported

?

**?Objective?Caml?configuration?completed?successfully?**

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?ocaml-3.12.1]#?make?world?opt

make?coldstart

make[1]:?Entering?directory?`/usr/local/src/ocaml-3.12.1'

cd?byterun;?make?all

make[2]:?Entering?directory?`/usr/local/src/ocaml-3.12.1/byterun'

sed?-n?-e?'/^??/s/?\([A-Z]\)/?\&\&lbl_\1/gp'?\

???????????????-e?'/^}/q'?instruct.h?>?jumptbl.h

......................................................

../ocamlcompopt.sh?-nostdlib?-c?-g?-annot?-warn-error?A?-w?L?-w?R?-w?Z?-I?../otherlibs/unix?-I?ocamlbuild?-I?stdlib?-o?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_unix_plugin.cmx?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_unix_plugin.ml

../ocamlcompopt.sh?-nostdlib?-a?-I?stdlib?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_pack.cmx?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_plugin.cmx?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_executor.cmx?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_unix_plugin.cmx?-o?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuildlib.cmxa

../ocamlcompopt.sh?-nostdlib?-a?-I?stdlib?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_pack.cmx?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_plugin.cmx?-o?ocamlbuild/ocamlbuildlightlib.cmxa

make[1]:?Leaving?directory?`/usr/local/src/ocaml-3.12.1'

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?ocaml-3.12.1]#?make?install

if?test?-d?/usr/local/bin;?then?:?;?else?mkdir?-p?/usr/local/bin;?fi

if?test?-d?/usr/local/lib/ocaml;?then?:?;?else?mkdir?-p?/usr/local/lib/ocaml;?fi

if?test?-d?/usr/local/lib/ocaml/stublibs;?then?:?;?else?mkdir?-p?/usr/local/lib/ocaml/stublibs;?fi

..................................

??install?/usr/local/lib/ocaml/ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild_executor.o

??install?/usr/local/lib/ocaml/ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild.cmo

??install?/usr/local/man/man1/ocamlbuild.1

?

4.編譯安裝Unison

[root@txzlkhdweb1?src]#?wget?http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison//download/releases/stable/unison-2.40.102.tar.gz

--2013-05-03?22:29:49--??http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison//download/releases/stable/unison-2.40.102.tar.gz

正在解析主機?www.seas.upenn.edu...?158.130.68.91,?2607:f470:8:64:5ea5::9

Connecting?to?www.seas.upenn.edu|158.130.68.91|:80...?已連接。

已發出?HTTP?請求，正在等待回應...?200?OK

長度：2694761?(2.6M)?[application/x-gzip]

Saving?to:?`unison-2.40.102.tar.gz'

?

100%[======================================================>]?2,694,761????113K/s???in?34s?????

?

2013-05-03?22:30:26?(76.8?KB/s)?-?`unison-2.40.102.tar.gz'?saved?[2694761/2694761]

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?ocaml-3.12.1]#?make?install

if?test?-d?/usr/local/bin;?then?:?;?else?mkdir?-p?/usr/local/bin;?fi

if?test?-d?/usr/local/lib/ocaml;?then?:?;?else?mkdir?-p?/usr/local/lib/ocaml;?fi

............................

??install?/usr/local/lib/ocaml/ocamlbuild/ocamlbuild.cmo

??install?/usr/local/man/man1/ocamlbuild.1

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?src]#?cd?unison-2.40.102

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?unison-2.40.102]#?make?UISTYLE=text

ocamlc?-o?mkProjectInfo?unix.cma?str.cma?mkProjectInfo.ml

./mkProjectInfo?>?Makefile.ProjectInfo

UISTYLE?=?text

Building?for?Unix

NATIVE?=?true

THREADS?=?false

STATIC?=?false

OSTYPE?=

OSARCH?=

ocamlopt:?ubase/rx.mli?--->?ubase/rx.cmi

ocamlopt?-I?lwt?-I?ubase?-I?system?-I?system/generic?-I?lwt/generic?-c?/usr/local/src/unison-2.40.102/ubase/rx.mli

.........................................

make[1]:?Entering?directory?`/usr/local/src/unison-2.40.102'

if?[?-f?`which?etags`?];?then?\

????????????etags?*.mli?*/*.mli?*.ml?*/*.ml?*/*.m?*.c?*/*.c?*.txt?\

??????????;?fi?

make[1]:?Leaving?directory?`/usr/local/src/unison-2.40.102'

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?unison-2.40.102]#?make?install

mv?/root/bin//unison?/tmp/unison-15209

mv:?無法?stat?“/root/bin//unison”:?沒有那個文件或目錄

make:?[doinstall]?錯誤?1?(忽略)

cp?unison?/root/bin/

cp:?無法創建一般文件“/root/bin/”:?是一個目錄

make:?***?[doinstall]?錯誤?1

#出現錯誤的原因在與Unison默認是將文件Copy到/root/bin目錄，但Linux默認是沒有該目錄的，因此我們需要將生成的可執行文件unison復制到系統的PATH目錄。

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?unison-2.40.102]#?cp?unison?/usr/local/bin

?

5.通過SSH登陸到遠程主機txzlkhdweb2?，再將unison復制到slave的PATH目錄?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?unison-2.40.102]#?scp?unison?root@192.168.16.2:/usr/local/bin/unison

The?authenticity?of?host?'192.168.16.2?(192.168.16.2)'?can't?be?established.

RSA?key?fingerprint?is?7d:9a:b3:1b:c8:a4:85:de:dc:59:ac:ce:a3:8b:a7:41.

Are?you?sure?you?want?to?continue?connecting?(yes/no)??yes

Warning:?Permanently?added?'192.168.16.2'?(RSA)?to?the?list?of?known?hosts.

root@192.168.16.2s?password:?

unison????????????????????????????????????????100%?1473KB???1.4MB/s???00:00????

?

三．配置雙機ssh信任

由于unison在遠程同步文件夾要登陸遠程服務器,因此要配置兩機互相信任

本例假設本地機為：192.168.16.1(txzlkhdweb1)

??????????遠程機：192.168.16.2(txzlkhdweb2)

1.?在兩臺機器上創建?RSA密鑰?

以下操作要在本地機和遠程機上都執行一遍

???（1）以?root?用戶登錄?

???（2）在?root?用戶的?主目錄內創建.ssh?目錄并設置正確的權限?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?mkdir?~/.ssh

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?chmod?700?~/.ssh

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?ssh-keygen?-t?rsa

Generating?public/private?rsa?key?pair.

Enter?file?in?which?to?save?the?key?(/root/.ssh/id_rsa):?

Enter?passphrase?(empty?for?no?passphrase):?

Enter?same?passphrase?again:?

Your?identification?has?been?saved?in?/root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your?public?key?has?been?saved?in?/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The?key?fingerprint?is:

20:4e:83:71:d4:12:e1:b1:a3:d0:fe:b1:8e:9e:ed:a8?root@txzlkhdweb1?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?ssh?192.168.16.1cat?/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub?>>?authorized_keys

The?authenticity?of?host?'192.168.16.1(192.168.16.1)'?can't?be?established.

RSA?key?fingerprint?is?7d:9a:b3:1b:c8:a4:85:de:dc:59:ac:ce:a3:8b:a7:41.

Are?you?sure?you?want?to?continue?connecting?(yes/no)??yes

Warning:?Permanently?added?'192.168.16.1(RSA)?to?the?list?of?known?hosts.

root@192.168.16.1's?password:?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?ssh?192.168.16.2cat?/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub?>>?authorized_keys?

root@192.168.16.2s?password:?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?scp?authorized_keys?192.168.16.2:/root/.ssh/?

root@192.168.16.2's?password:?

authorized_keys???????????????????????????????100%??785?????0.8KB/s???00:00????

#重啟兩臺服務器的SSH服務?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?/etc/init.d/sshd?restart?

[root@txzlkhdweb2~]#?/etc/init.d/sshd?restart??

?

四．unison的使用

1.unison遠程使用

使用方法：

#?unison?<本地目錄>?ssh://remotehostname(IP)/<遠程目錄的絕對路徑>

例如:

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?/usr/local/bin/unison?/root/test?ssh://root@192.168.16.1//root/test

Contacting?server...

Connected?[//txzlkhdweb1//root/test?->?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test]

Looking?for?changes

??Waiting?for?changes?from?server

Reconciling?changes

Nothing?to?do:?replicas?have?not?changed?since?last?sync.

?

表示將本機的目錄/txzlkhdweb1/root/test和遠端主機的/txzlkhdweb2/root/test進行同步。一般的，需要兩臺機能ssh連接。

注意?在主機和目錄間又多加了一個?"/"

?

2.修改參數說明

[root@txzlkhdweb1?.unison]#?vim?~/.unison/default.prf??

#!/bin/bash

#?this?script?is?created?by?yourname.

#?Unison?preferences?file?

#root?=?/root/test?

#root?=?ssh://root@192.168.16.2//root/test

#force?=?

#ignore?=?

batch?=?true

#repeat?=?1?

#retry?=?3?

owner?=?true

group?=?true

perms?=?-1

fastcheck?=?false

rsync?=?false

sshargs?=?-C

xferbycopying?=?true

log?=?true

logfile?=?/root/.unison/unison.log?

?

如果服務器端?unison?可執行文件不在默認目錄下，甚至沒有?unison?命令（需要你編譯一個上傳到服務器），則需要使用?-servercmd?參數告訴要執行的服務器?unison?命令位置。?

使用?-testserver?參數，則成功鏈接即退出，也不會去執行目錄的比較等后續操作。?

??-servercmd?xxx?

告訴?unison，?服務器端的?unison?命令是什么。參見上面的示例。?

??-auto?

接受缺省的動作，然后等待用戶確認是否執行。?

??-batch?

batch?mode,?全自動模式，接受缺省動作，并執行。?

??-ignore?xxx?

增加?xxx?到忽略列表中?

??-ignorecase?[true|false|default]?

是否忽略文件名大小寫?

??-follow?xxx?

是否支持對符號連接指向內容的同步

??owner?=?true?(保持同步過來的文件屬主)

??group?=?true?(保持同步過來的文件組信息)

??perms?=?-1???(保持同步過來的文件讀寫權限)

??repeat?=?1???(間隔1秒后,開始新的一次同步檢查)

??retry?=?3????(失敗重試)

??sshargs?=?-C?(使用ssh的壓縮傳輸方式)

??xferbycopying?=?true

??-immutable?xxx?

不變目錄，掃描時可以忽略?

??-silent?

安靜模式?

??-times?

同步修改時間?

??-path?xxx?參數?

只同步?-path?參數指定的子目錄以及文件，而非整個目錄。-path?可以多次出現,例如?

??unison?/home/username?ssh://remotehost//home/username?\

?-path?shared?\

?-path?pub?\

?-path?.netscape/bookmarks.html

?

五．安裝inotify?軟件

1.查看當前系統是否支持inotify

[root@txzlkhdweb1?test]#?ls?-l?/proc/sys/fs/inotify

總計?0

-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?05-04?00:56?max_queued_events

-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?05-04?00:56?max_user_instances

-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?0?05-04?00:56?max_user_watches

2.下載inotify?源碼包

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?wget?https://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz

正在解析主機?github.com...?192.30.252.129

Connecting?to?github.com|192.30.252.129|:443...?已連接。

WARNING:?cannot?verify?github.com's?certificate,?issued?by?`/C=US/O=DigiCert?Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert?High?Assurance?EV?CA-1':

??Issued?certificate?not?yet?valid.

已發出?HTTP?請求，正在等待回應...?302?Found

位置：http://cloud.github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz?[跟隨至新的?URL]

--2013-05-04?01:23:55--??http://cloud.github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz

正在解析主機?cloud.github.com...?54.240.164.110,?54.230.113.195,?54.240.164.29,?...

Connecting?to?cloud.github.com|54.240.164.110|:80...?已連接。

已發出?HTTP?請求，正在等待回應...?200?OK

長度：358772?(350K)?[null]

Saving?to:?`inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz'

?

100%[=================================================>]?358,772??????356K/s???in?1.0s????

?

2013-05-04?01:23:56?(356?KB/s)?-?`inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz'?saved?[358772/358772]

3.編譯安裝inotify

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?tar?zxf?inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?cd?inotify-tools-3.14

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?make?&&?make?install

make??all-recursive

make[1]:?Entering?directory?`/root/inotify-tools-3.14'

.......

make[2]:?Nothing?to?be?done?for?`install-data-am'.

make[2]:?Leaving?directory?`/root/inotify-tools-3.14'

make[1]:?Leaving?directory?`/root/inotify-tools-3.14'

4.編寫inotify?實時監控腳本

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cat?/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

5000000000

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cat?/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_events

327679

#事件監控腳本：

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?vim?/usr/local/inotify/unison.sh

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin

LOCAL_DIR="/root/test/"

REMOTE_DIR="/root/test/"

REMOTE_USER="root"

INOTIFY="/usr/local/inotify-tools-3.14/bin/inotifywait"

UNISION="/usr/local/bin/unison"

#目前iplist.txt?文件中就一個地址?192.168.16.2

IP_LIST_FILE="/usr/local/inotify/iplist.txt"

ATTRIBUTES="modify,delete,create,attrib"

?

${INOTIFY}?-mrq?--timefmt?'%d/%m/%y?%H:%M'?--format?'%T?%w%f'?-e?${ATTRIBUTES}?${LOCAL_DIR}?|?while?read?files?

do

????????for?IPADDR?in?`sed?'/^$/d'?${IP_LIST_FILE}`

????????do

??????????????????${UNISION}?common?"${LOCAL_DIR}"?"ssh://${REMOTE_USER}@${IPADDR}/${REMOTE_DIR}"

????????done

Done

?

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?chmod?+x?/usr/local/inotify/unison.sh

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cd?/usr/local/inotify

?

5.在txzlkhdweb2?上安裝同樣的inotify工具，步驟同上，此處省略

6.編寫同步腳本

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cat?/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

5000000000

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cat?/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_queued_events

327679

#事件監控腳本：

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?vim?/usr/local/inotify/unison.sh

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin

LOCAL_DIR="/root/test/"

REMOTE_DIR="/root/test/"

REMOTE_USER="root"

INOTIFY="/usr/local/inotify-tools-3.14/bin/inotifywait"

UNISION="/usr/local/bin/unison"

#目前iplist.txt?文件中就一個地址?192.168.16.1

IP_LIST_FILE="/usr/local/inotify/iplist.txt"

ATTRIBUTES="modify,delete,create,attrib"

?

${INOTIFY}?-mrq?--timefmt?'%d/%m/%y?%H:%M'?--format?'%T?%w%f'?-e?${ATTRIBUTES}?${LOCAL_DIR}?|?while?read?files?

do

????????for?IPADDR?in?`sed?'/^$/d'?${IP_LIST_FILE}`

????????do

??????????????????${UNISION}?common?"${LOCAL_DIR}"?"ssh://${REMOTE_USER}@${IPADDR}/${REMOTE_DIR}"

????????done

Done

?

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?chmod?+x?/usr/local/inotify/unison.sh

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?cd?/usr/local/inotify

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?nohup?./unison.sh?&

7.?執行inotify?監控腳本

[root@txzlkhdweb1?inotify-tools-3.14]#?nohup?./unison.sh?&

?

[root@txzlkhdweb2?inotify-tools-3.14]#?nohup?./unison.sh?&

8.?查看命令腳本執行程序是否在執行

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?ps?-ef?|?grep?inotify

root?????31194?31193??0?May18?pts/0????00:00:00?/usr/local/inotify-tools-3.14/bin/inotifywait?-mrq?--timefmt?%d/%m/%y?%H:%M?--format?%T?%w%f?-e?modify,delete,create,attrib?/root/test/

root?????31469?24614??0?01:36?pts/0????00:00:00?grep?inotify

?

9.?手工創建文件測試

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?touch?/root/test/f1.txt

[root@txzlkhdweb1?~]#?Contacting?server...

Contacting?server...

Connected?[//txzlkhdweb1?//root/test?->?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test]

Connected?[//txzlkhdweb1?//root/test?->?//txzlkhdweb2?//root/test]

Looking?for?changes

??Waiting?for?changes?from?server

Reconciling?changes

new?file?---->????????????f1.txt??

local????????:?new?file???????????modified?on?2013-05-19?at??0:22:58??size?0?????????--rw-r--r--?user=0?group=0

slave????????:?absent

Propagating?updates

UNISON?2.40.102?started?propagating?changes?at?00:22:59.08?on?19?May?2013

[BGN]?Copying?f1.txt?from?/root/test?to?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test

Looking?for?changes

??Waiting?for?changes?from?server

Shortcut:?copied?/root/test/f1.txt?from?local?file?/root/test/www.prf

[END]?Copying?f1.txt

UNISON?2.40.102?finished?propagating?changes?at?00:22:59.09?on?19?May?2013

Saving?synchronizer?state

Synchronization?complete?at?00:22:59??(1?item?transferred,?0?skipped,?0?failed)

Contacting?server...

Connected?[//txzlkhdweb1//root/test?->?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test]

Looking?for?changes

??Waiting?for?changes?from?server

Reconciling?changes

new?file?---->????????????f1.txt??

local????????:?new?file???????????modified?on?2013-05-19?at??0:22:58??size?0?????????--rw-r--r--?user=0?group=0

slave????????:?absent

Propagating?updates

UNISON?2.40.102?started?propagating?changes?at?00:23:00.09?on?19?May?2013

[BGN]?Copying?f1.txt?from?/root/test?to?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test

Shortcut:?copied?/root/test/f1.txt?from?local?file?/root/test/www.prf

Failed:?Destination?updated?during?synchronization

The?file?f1.txt?has?been?created

?

100%??00:00?ETAFailed?[f1.txt]:?Destination?updated?during?synchronization

The?file?f1.txt?has?been?created

?

UNISON?2.40.102?finished?propagating?changes?at?00:23:00.09?on?19?May?2013

Saving?synchronizer?state

Synchronization?incomplete?at?00:23:00??(0?items?transferred,?0?skipped,?1?failed)

??failed:?f1.txt

#這里同步多次問題暫時不知道如何解決，希望高手指點

Contacting?server...

Connected?[//txzlkhdweb1//root/test?->?//txzlkhdweb2//root/test]

Reconciling?changes

Nothing?to?do:?replicas?have?not?changed?since?last?sync.

Looking?for?changes

??Waiting?for?changes?from?server

Reconciling?changes

Nothing?to?do:?replicas?have?been?changed?only?in?identical?ways?since?last?sync.

?

參考網址：

http://ixdba.blog.51cto.com/2895551/584334

http://sofar.blog.51cto.com/353572/1271608

?

?

?

來自為知筆記(Wiz)

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/djinmusic/p/3357591.html

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