sql 语言中 when case 用法
sql語言中有沒有相似C語言中的switch case的語句??
? 沒有,用case ? when ? 來取代就行了.???
???????
? 比如,以下的語句顯示中文年月 ??
? ??
? select ? getdate() ? as ? 日期,case ? month(getdate()) ??
? when ? 11 ? then ? '十一' ??
? when ? 12 ? then ? '十二' ??
? else ? substring('一二三四五六七八九十', ? month(getdate()),1) ??
? end+'月' ? as ? 月份
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CASE?可能是 SQL 中被誤用最多的關鍵字之中的一個。雖然你可能曾經用過這個關鍵字來創建字段,可是它還具有許多其他使用解決方案。比如,你能夠在WHERE?子句中使用?CASE。?
?
首先讓我們看一下?CASE?的語法。在一般的?SELECT?中,其語法如下:?
?
SELECT?<myColumnSpec>?=?
CASE?
WHEN?<A>?THEN?<somethingA>?
WHEN?<B>?THEN?<somethingB>?
ELSE?<somethingE>?
END?
?
在上面的代碼中需要用詳細的參數取代尖括號里的內容。以下是一個簡單的樣例:?
?
USE?pubs?
GO?
SELECT?
???? Title,?
????'Price Range'?=?
????CASE?
????????WHEN?price?IS?NULL?THEN?'Unpriced'?
????????WHEN?price?<?10?THEN?'Bargain'?
????????WHEN?price?BETWEEN?10?and?20?THEN?'Average'?
????????ELSE?'Gift to impress relatives'?
????END?
FROM?titles?
ORDER?BY?price?
GO?
?
這是?CASE?的典型使用解決方案,可是使用?CASE?事實上能夠做許多其他的事情。比如說以下的?GROUP?BY?子句中的?CASE:?
?
SELECT?'Number of Titles',?Count(*)?
FROM?titles?
GROUP?BY?
????CASE?
????????WHEN?price?IS?NULL?THEN?'Unpriced'?
????????WHEN?price?<?10?THEN?'Bargain'?
????????WHEN?price?BETWEEN?10?and?20?THEN?'Average'?
????????ELSE?'Gift to impress relatives'?
????END?
GO?
?
你甚至還能夠組合這些選項,增加一個?ORDER?BY?子句,如下所看到的:?
?
USE?pubs?
GO?
SELECT?
????CASE?
????????WHEN?price?IS?NULL?THEN?'Unpriced'?
????????WHEN?price?<?10?THEN?'Bargain'?
????????WHEN?price?BETWEEN?10?and?20?THEN?'Average'?
????????ELSE?'Gift to impress relatives'?
????END?AS?Range,?
???? Title?
FROM?titles?
GROUP?BY?
????CASE?
????????WHEN?price?IS?NULL?THEN?'Unpriced'?
????????WHEN?price?<?10?THEN?'Bargain'?
????????WHEN?price?BETWEEN?10?and?20?THEN?'Average'?
????????ELSE?'Gift to impress relatives'?
????END,?
???? Title?
ORDER?BY?
????CASE?
????????WHEN?price?IS?NULL?THEN?'Unpriced'?
????????WHEN?price?<?10?THEN?'Bargain'?
????????WHEN?price?BETWEEN?10?and?20?THEN?'Average'?
????????ELSE?'Gift to impress relatives'?
????END,?
???? Title?
GO?
?
注意,為了在?GROUP?BY?塊中使用?CASE,查詢語句需要在?GROUP?BY?塊中重復?SELECT?塊中的?CASE?塊。?
?
除了選擇自己定義字段之外,在許多情況下?CASE?都很實用。再深入一步,你還能夠得到你曾經認為不可能得到的分組排序結果集。
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