作者：lianghc
本文分為兩部分

參數配置：【GP6安裝配置】 Greenplum6.2.1 安裝手記（上）?

執行安裝：【GP6安裝配置】 Greenplum6.2.1 安裝手記（下）

目錄

3. 集群軟件安裝

3.1 執行安裝程序

3.2 創建hostfile_exkeys

3.3 集群互信，免密登陸

3.3.1 ?生成密鑰

3.3.2 將本機的公鑰復制到各個節點機器的authorized_keys文件中

3.3.3 使用gpssh-exkeys 工具，打通n-n的免密登陸

3.3.4 驗證gpssh

3.4 同步master 配置到各個主機（非官方教程步驟）

3.4.1 批量添加gpadmin用戶

3.4.2 打通gpadmin 用戶免密登錄

3.4.3 批量設置greenplum在gpadmin用戶的環境變量

3.4.4 ?批量復制系統參數到其他節點

3.5 集群節點安裝

3.5.1 模擬gpseginstall 腳本

3.5.2 創建集群數據目錄

3.6 集群性能測試

3.6.1 網絡性能測試

3.6.2 磁盤I/O 性能測試

3.6.3 集群時鐘校驗（非官方步驟）

4. ?集群初始化

4.1 ?編寫初始化配置文件

4.1.1 拷貝配置文件模板

4.1.2 根據需要修改參數

4.2 集群初始化

4.2.1 集群初始化命令參數

4.2.2 執行報錯處理

4.3 初始化完成后續操作

4.3.2 設置環境變量

4.3.3 若刪除重裝，使用gpdeletesystem

4.3.4 配置pg_hba.conf

5 安裝成功后配置

5.1 psql 登陸gp 并設置密碼

5.1.1 登陸到不同節點

5.2 客戶端登陸gp

5.2.1. 配置 pg_hba.conf

5.2.2. 修改postgresql.conf?

5.2.3. 加載修改的文件

---

3. 集群軟件安裝

參考：https://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io/6-2/install_guide/install_gpdb.html
# 與舊版本差異點

gp4.x/gp5.x 以前安裝分為三部分1. 安裝master（一般是個bin的可執行文件，安裝，并可以指定安裝目錄）2. gpseginstall 安裝各個seg3. gp群參數校驗 ?4. gpinitsystem 集群初始化gp6.2 開始不提供zip 格式壓縮包，僅提供rpm包，安裝分為兩步1. 安裝master(rpm -ivh / yum install -y),不可以指定安裝目錄，默認安裝到/usr/local/2. gp6 沒有 gpseginstall工具。所以要么自己打包master 安裝好的gp目錄并傳到seg上，要么各個節點單獨yum 安裝。1.每個節點主機，單獨yum2.打包主節點的安裝目錄，并分發給seg主機。3. 集群性能校驗4. gpinitsystem 集群初始化?

3.1 執行安裝程序

? ? ? ?執行安裝腳本，默認安裝到/usr/local/ 目錄下。

?yum install -y ./greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64.rpm

或者使用rpm 安裝

rpm -ivh greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64.rpm

? ? ? ?本次測試是內網機，無法聯網下載所有的依賴包，也沒有提前外網下載好依賴包。而是等安裝時缺什么，再下載什么。現在缺少 libyaml，下載并上傳至服務器，安裝后再試運行gp安裝程序。libyaml下載地址 http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=libyaml(x86-64)

[root@mdw gp_install_package]# ?yum install -y ./greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining ./greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64.rpm: greenplum-db-6.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 Marking ./greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package greenplum-db.x86_64 0:6.2.1-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=======================================================================================================================================================Package ????????????????????????Arch ?????????????????????Version ??????????????????????????Repository ??????????????????????????????????????????Size ======================================================================================================================================================= Installing:greenplum-db ???????????????????x86_64 ???????????????????6.2.1-1.el6 ??????????????????????/greenplum-db-6.2.1-rhel6-x86_64 ???????????????????493 MTransaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================= Install ??????1 Package(s)Total size: 493 M Installed size: 493 M Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.Installing : greenplum-db-6.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1/1Verifying ?: greenplum-db-6.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1/1Installed:greenplum-db.x86_64 0:6.2.1-1.el6Complete!

3.2 創建hostfile_exkeys

在$GPHOME目錄創建兩個host文件（all_host,seg_host），用于后續使用gpssh,gpscp 等腳本host參數文件
all_host : 內容是集群所有主機名或ip，包含master,segment,standby等。
seg_host: 內容是所有 segment主機名或ip
若一臺機器有多網卡，且網卡沒有綁定成bond0模式時，需要將多網卡的ip 或者host都列出來。

[root@mdw ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@mdw local]# ls bin ?etc ?games ?greenplum-db ?greenplum-db-6.2.1 ?include ?lib ?lib64 ?libexec ?openssh-6.5p1 ?sbin ?share ?src ?ssl [root@mdw local]# cd greenplum-db [root@mdw greenplum-db]# ls bin ?docs ?etc ?ext ?greenplum_path.sh ?include ?lib ?open_source_license_pivotal_greenplum.txt ?pxf ?sbin ?share [root@mdw greenplum-db]# vi all_host [root@mdw greenplum-db]# vi seg_host [root@mdw greenplum-db]# cat all_host mdw sdw1 sdw2 [root@mdw greenplum-db]# cat seg_host sdw1 sdw2

修改文件夾權限

[root@mdw greenplum-db]# chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum*

3.3 集群互信，免密登陸

## 與舊版本差異點gp6.x 以前無需3.3.1 ssh-keygen生成密鑰,3.3.2 的ssh-copy-id 步驟，直接gpssh-exkeys -f all_host。

3.3.1 ?生成密鑰

我的Linux還沒有公私鑰對，所以，要先生成一個

[root@mdw greenplum-db]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 88:c0:be:87:6a:c2:40:ed:fd:ab:34:f0:35:60:47:0f root@mdw The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | ??????E ????????| | . ???. o ???????| | ?+ ?o . . ??????| | o o..o. ????????| |. o.o .oS ???????| |. ?+o.. . ???????| |o o .+. ?????????| |.+ .. .. ????????| |+ ???.... ???????| +-----------------+

3.3.2 將本機的公鑰復制到各個節點機器的authorized_keys文件中

[root@mdw greenplum-db]# ssh-copy-id sdw1[root@mdw greenplum-db]# ssh-copy-id sdw2

3.3.3 使用gpssh-exkeys 工具，打通n-n的免密登陸

[root@mdw?greenplum-db]# gpssh-exkeys -f all_host Problem getting hostname for gpzq-sh-mb: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution Traceback (most recent call last):File "/usr/local/greenplum-db/./bin/gpssh-exkeys", line 409, in <module>(primary, aliases, ipaddrs) = socket.gethostbyaddr(hostname) socket.gaierror: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution # 沒有做章節（ 2.2.1 配置每臺機器host ）的內容，導致上述錯誤 [root@gjzq-sh-mb greenplum-db]# hostname mdw [root@gjzq-sh-mb greenplum-db]# gpssh-exkeys -f all_host [STEP 1 of 5] create local ID and authorize on local host... /root/.ssh/id_rsa file exists ... key generation skipped[STEP 2 of 5] keyscan all hosts and update known_hosts file[STEP 3 of 5] retrieving credentials from remote hosts... send to sdw1... send to sdw2[STEP 4 of 5] determine common authentication file content[STEP 5 of 5] copy authentication files to all remote hosts... finished key exchange with sdw1... finished key exchange with sdw2[INFO] completed successfully

3.3.4 驗證gpssh

[root@mdw ~]# source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh [root@mdw ~]# gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host -e 'ls /usr/local/' [ mdw] ls /usr/local/ [ mdw] bin ?games ?????????greenplum-db-6.2.1 ?lib ???libexec ???????sbin ??src [ mdw] etc ?greenplum-db ?include ?????????????lib64 ?openssh-6.5p1 ?share ?ssl [sdw1] ls /usr/local/ [sdw1] bin ?games ???lib ???libexec ????????sbin ??src [sdw1] etc ?include ?lib64 ?openssh-6.5p1 ?share ?ssl [sdw2] ls /usr/local/ [sdw2] bin ?games ???lib ???libexec ????????sbin ??src [sdw2] etc ?include ?lib64 ?openssh-6.5p1 ?share ?ssl

3.4 同步master 配置到各個主機（非官方教程步驟）

本步驟非官方教程內容，官方教程在修改系統參數步驟中 就已經把集群所有主機的配置都改成一致的。本文檔中前面修改參數部分，只修改master主機的參數，在本步驟中做集群統一配置。

3.4.1 批量添加gpadmin用戶

[root@mdw greenplum-db]# source greenplum_path.sh [root@mdw greenplum-db]# gpssh -f seg_host -e 'groupadd gpadmin;useradd gpadmin -r -m -g gpadmin;echo "gpadmin" | passwd --stdin gpadmin;' [root@mdw greenplum-db]# gpssh -f seg_host -e 'ls /home/'

3.4.2 打通gpadmin 用戶免密登錄

?## 與舊版本差異點 gp6 之前，gpadmin 用戶的 免密登錄步驟由gpseginstall 工具自動處理，gp6 需要人工處理。 [root@mdw greenplum-db-6.2.1]# su - gpadmin [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ ssh-keygen [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ ssh-copy-id sdw1 [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ ssh-copy-id sdw2 [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpssh-exkeys -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host

3.4.3 批量設置greenplum在gpadmin用戶的環境變量

添加gp的安裝目錄，和話環境信息到 用戶的環境變量中。
編輯 .bash_profile

cat >> /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile << EOF source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh EOF

編輯 .bashrc

cat >> /home/gpadmin/.bashrc << EOF source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh EOF

環境變量文件分發到其他節點

su - gpadmin source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpscp -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile ?gpadmin@=:/home/gpadmin/.bash_profile gpscp -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host /home/gpadmin/.bashrc gpadmin@=:/home/gpadmin/.bashrc?

3.4.4 ?批量復制系統參數到其他節點

# 示例： su root gpscp -f seg_host /etc/hosts ??root@=:/etc/hosts gpscp -f seg_host /etc/security/limits.conf ??root@=:/etc/security/limits.conf? gpscp -f seg_host /etc/sysctl.conf ?root@=:/etc/sysctl.conf? gpscp -f seg_host /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf ??root@=:/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf gpssh -f seg_host -e '/sbin/blockdev --setra 16384 /dev/sda' gpssh -f seg_host -e 'echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler' gpssh -f seg_host -e 'sysctl -p' gpssh -f seg_host -e 'reboot'

3.5 集群節點安裝

## 與舊版本差異點目前官網缺少這部分說明。 在gp6 之前，有一個工具gpseginstall ,可以安裝各個節點的gp軟件。根據gpseginstall的日志可以分析出，gpseginstall的主要步驟是： 1. 節點上創建gp用戶 (此步驟可略過) 2. 打包主節點安裝目錄 3. scp到各個seg 服務器 4. 解壓，創建軟連接 5. 授權給gpamdin gpseginstall 安裝日志，參考gp5 安裝筆記

3.5.1 模擬gpseginstall 腳本

以下腳本模擬gpseginstall 的主要過程，完成gpsegment的部署

# root 用戶下執行 # 變量設置 link_name='greenplum-db' ???????????????????#軟連接名 binary_dir_location='/usr/local' ???????????#安裝路徑 binary_dir_name='greenplum-db-6.2.1' ???????#安裝目錄 binary_path='/usr/local/greenplum-db-6.2.1' #全目錄

# master節點上打包

chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin $binary_path rm -f ${binary_path}.tar; rm -f ${binary_path}.tar.gz cd $binary_dir_location; tar cf ${binary_dir_name}.tar ${binary_dir_name} gzip ${binary_path}.tar

# 分發到segment

gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "mkdir -p ${binary_dir_location};rm -rf ${binary_path};rm -rf ${binary_path}.tar;rm -rf ${binary_path}.tar.gz" gpscp -f ${binary_path}/seg_host ${binary_path}.tar.gz root@=:${binary_path}.tar.gz gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "cd ${binary_dir_location};gzip -f -d ${binary_path}.tar.gz;tar xf ${binary_path}.tar" gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "rm -rf ${binary_path}.tar;rm -rf ${binary_path}.tar.gz;rm -f ${binary_dir_location}/${link_name}" gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e ln -fs ${binary_dir_location}/${binary_dir_name} ${binary_dir_location}/${link_name} gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin ${binary_dir_location}/${link_name};chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin ${binary_dir_location}/${binary_dir_name}" gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "source ${binary_path}/greenplum_path" gpssh -f ${binary_path}/seg_host -e "cd ${binary_dir_location};ll"

3.5.2 創建集群數據目錄

3.5.2.1 創建master 數據目錄

?mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data/masterchown gpadmin:gpadmin /opt/greenplum/data/master

standby 數據目錄（本次實驗沒有standby ）
使用gpssh 遠程給standby 創建數據目錄

# source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh? # gpssh -h smdw -e 'mkdir -p /data/master' # gpssh -h smdw -e 'chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data/master'

3.5.2.2 創建segment 數據目錄
本次計劃每個主機安裝兩個 segment,兩個mirror.

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh? gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data1/primary' gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data1/mirror' gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data2/primary' gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -e 'mkdir -p /opt/greenplum/data2/mirror' gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -e 'chown -R gpadmin /opt/greenplum/data*'

3.6 集群性能測試

## 與舊版本差異點gp6 取消了gpcheck 工具。目前可校驗的部分是網絡和磁盤IO性能。gpcheck工具可以對gp需要的系統參數，硬件配置進行校驗

詳情參考官網：
https://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io/6-2/install_guide/validate.html#topic1
擴展閱讀：
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/230896?spm=a2c4e.11155435.0.0.a9756e1eIiHSoH

個人經驗（僅供才考，具體標準 要再找資料）：
一般來說磁盤要達到2000M/s
網絡至少1000M/s

3.6.1 網絡性能測試

實驗示例：

[root@mdw local]# ?gpcheckperf -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -r N -d /tmp /usr/local/greenplum-db/./bin/gpcheckperf -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -r N -d /tmp------------------- -- ?NETPERF TEST -------------------Authorized only. All activity will be monitored and reported NOTICE: -t is deprecated, and has no effect NOTICE: -f is deprecated, and has no effectAuthorized only. All activity will be monitored and reported NOTICE: -t is deprecated, and has no effect NOTICE: -f is deprecated, and has no effect [Warning] netperf failed on sdw2 -> sdw1==================== == ?RESULT 2019-12-18T19:40:30.264321 ==================== Netperf bisection bandwidth test sdw1 -> sdw2 = 2273.930000Summary: sum = 2273.93 MB/sec min = 2273.93 MB/sec max = 2273.93 MB/sec avg = 2273.93 MB/sec median = 2273.93 MB/sec

?測試發現 netperf failed on sdw2 -> sdw1。檢查發現是sdw2的hosts沒有配置。

3.6.2 磁盤I/O 性能測試

實驗單機裝兩個seg，但是只有一塊盤，所以測試一個目錄即可，測試月產生32G的數據，需要留有足夠的磁盤空間。

?gpcheckperf -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -r ds -D ??-d /opt/greenplum/data1/primary [root@mdw greenplum-db]# ?gpcheckperf -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -r ds -D ??-d /opt/greenplum/data1/primary /usr/local/greenplum-db/./bin/gpcheckperf -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -r ds -D -d /opt/greenplum/data1/primary -------------------- -- ?DISK WRITE TEST -------------------- -------------------- -- ?DISK READ TEST -------------------- -------------------- -- ?STREAM TEST -------------------- ==================== == ?RESULT 2019-12-18T19:59:06.969229 ====================disk write avg time (sec): 47.34disk write tot bytes: 66904850432disk write tot bandwidth (MB/s): 1411.59disk write min bandwidth (MB/s): 555.60 [sdw2]disk write max bandwidth (MB/s): 855.99 [sdw1]-- per host bandwidth --disk write bandwidth (MB/s): 855.99 [sdw1]disk write bandwidth (MB/s): 555.60 [sdw2]disk read avg time (sec): 87.33disk read tot bytes: 66904850432disk read tot bandwidth (MB/s): 738.54disk read min bandwidth (MB/s): 331.15 [sdw2]disk read max bandwidth (MB/s): 407.39 [sdw1]-- per host bandwidth --disk read bandwidth (MB/s): 407.39 [sdw1]disk read bandwidth (MB/s): 331.15 [sdw2]stream tot bandwidth (MB/s): 12924.30stream min bandwidth (MB/s): 6451.80 [sdw1]stream max bandwidth (MB/s): 6472.50 [sdw2]-- per host bandwidth --stream bandwidth (MB/s): 6451.80 [sdw1]stream bandwidth (MB/s): 6472.50 [sdw2]

3.6.3 集群時鐘校驗（非官方步驟）

驗證集群時間，若不一致，需要修改ntp

gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host -e 'date'

4. ?集群初始化

官方文檔：https://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io/6-2/install_guide/init_gpdb.html

4.1 ?編寫初始化配置文件

4.1.1 拷貝配置文件模板

su - gpadmin mkdir -p /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs cp $GPHOME/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config

4.1.2 根據需要修改參數

注意：To specify PORT_BASE, review the port range specified in the net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range parameter in the /etc/sysctl.conf file.
主要修改的參數：

ARRAY_NAME="Greenplum Data Platform" SEG_PREFIX=gpseg PORT_BASE=6000 declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/opt/greenplum/data1/primary /opt/greenplum/data2/primary) MASTER_HOSTNAME=mdw MASTER_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master MASTER_PORT=5432 TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8 ENCODING=UNICODE MIRROR_PORT_BASE=7000 declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/opt/greenplum/data1/mirror /opt/greenplum/data2/mirror) DATABASE_NAME=gpdw

4.2 集群初始化

4.2.1 集群初始化命令參數

執行腳本：

gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -D

4.2.2 執行報錯處理

[gpadmin@mdw gpconfigs]$ gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -D ... /usr/local/greenplum-db/./bin/gpinitsystem: line 244: /tmp/cluster_tmp_file.8070: Permission denied /bin/mv: cannot stat `/tmp/cluster_tmp_file.8070': Permission denied ... 20191218:20:22:57:008070 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[FATAL]:-Unknown host sdw1: ping: icmp open socket: Operation not permitted unknown host Script Exiting!

4.2.2.1 Permission denied 錯誤 處理

gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host -e 'chmod 777 /tmp'

4.2.2.2 icmp open socket: Operation not permitted 錯誤處理

gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host -e 'chmod u+s /bin/ping'

4.2.2.3 失敗回退
安裝中途失敗，提示使用 ?bash /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/backout_gpinitsystem_gpadmin_* 回退，執行該腳本即可，例如：

...? 20191218:20:39:53:011405 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[FATAL]:-Unknown host gpzq-sh-mb: ping: unknown host gpzq-sh-mb unknown host Script Exiting! 20191218:20:39:53:011405 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-Script has left Greenplum Database in an incomplete state 20191218:20:39:53:011405 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-Run command bash /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/backout_gpinitsystem_gpadmin_20191218_203938 to remove these changes 20191218:20:39:53:011405 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Start Function BACKOUT_COMMAND 20191218:20:39:53:011405 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-End Function BACKOUT_COMMAND [gpadmin@mdw gpAdminLogs]$ ls backout_gpinitsystem_gpadmin_20191218_203938 ?gpinitsystem_20191218.log [gpadmin@mdw gpAdminLogs]$ bash backout_gpinitsystem_gpadmin_20191218_203938 Stopping Master instance waiting for server to shut down.... done server stopped Removing Master log file Removing Master lock files Removing Master data directory files

若執行后仍然未清理干凈，可執行一下語句后，再重新安裝：

pg_ctl -D /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 stop rm -f /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock rm -Rf /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1

?4.2.2.4 ping: unknown host gpzq-sh-mb unknown host Script Exiting! 錯誤
請參考：
http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=8a72fdf1ec13a1c79b2d795e406b3dd2&sub=313FE99D57C84F2EA498DB6D7B79C7D3
編輯 /home/gpadmin/.gphostcache 文件，為一下內容：
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ cat .gphostcache
mdw:mdw
sdw1:sdw1
sdw2:sdw2

4.3 初始化完成后續操作

順利初始化完成，會 打印出 Greenplum Database instance successfully created。
日志生成到/home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/ 目錄下，命名規則： gpinitsystem_${安裝日期}.log
日志最后部分如下：

... 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-******************************************************* 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-Scan of log file indicates that some warnings or errors 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-were generated during the array creation 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Please review contents of log file 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-/home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20191218.log 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To determine level of criticality 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-These messages could be from a previous run of the utility 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-that was called today! 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARN]:-******************************************************* 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-End Function SCAN_LOG 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Database instance successfully created 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------- 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To complete the environment configuration, please 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-update gpadmin .bashrc file with the following 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-1. Ensure that the greenplum_path.sh file is sourced 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-2. Add "export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1" 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- ??to access the Greenplum scripts for this instance: 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- ??or, use -d /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 option for the Greenplum scripts 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- ??Example gpstate -d /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Script log file = /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20191218.log 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To remove instance, run gpdeletesystem utility 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To initialize a Standby Master Segment for this Greenplum instance 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------- 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The Master /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-located in the /usr/local/greenplum-db/./docs directory 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------- 20191218:20:45:51:013612 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-End Main

仔細閱讀日志最后面的內容，還有幾個步驟需要操作。4.3.1 檢查日志內容
日志中有如下提示：

Scan of log file indicates that some warnings or errors were generated during the array creation Please review contents of log file /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20191218.log

Scan ?warnings or errors：

?cat /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20191218.log|grep -E -i 'WARN|ERROR]'

根據日志內容做相應的調整，使集群性能達到最優。

4.3.2 設置環境變量

編輯gpadmin 用戶的環境變量，增加

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1

除此之外，通常還增加：

export PGPORT=5432 ??????# 根據實際情況填寫 export PGUSER=gpadmin ???# 根據實際情況填寫 export PGDATABASE=gpdw ?# 根據實際情況填寫

環境變量詳情參考：https://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io/510/install_guide/env_var_ref.html

前面已經添加過 source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh，此處操作如下：

編輯 .bash_profile

su - gpadmin cat >> /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile << EOF export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 export PGPORT=5432 export PGUSER=gpadmin export PGDATABASE=gpdw EOF

編輯 .bashrc

cat >> /home/gpadmin/.bashrc << EOF export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 export PGPORT=5432 export PGUSER=gpadmin export PGDATABASE=gpdw EOF

環境變量文件分發到其他節點

gpscp -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile ?gpadmin@=:/home/gpadmin/.bash_profile gpscp -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host /home/gpadmin/.bashrc gpadmin@=:/home/gpadmin/.bashrc gpssh -f /usr/local/greenplum-db/all_host -e 'source /home/gpadmin/.bash_profile;source /home/gpadmin/.bashrc;'

4.3.3 若刪除重裝，使用gpdeletesystem

安裝完成，出于種種原因，若需要集群刪除重裝，使用 gpdeletesystem ?工具
詳情參考官方文檔：
https://gpdb.docs.pivotal.io/6-2/utility_guide/ref/gpdeletesystem.html#topic1
使用命令：

gpdeletesystem -d /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 -f

-d 后面跟 MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY（master 的數據目錄），會清除master,segment所有的數據目錄。
-f force， 終止所有進程，強制刪除。示例：

[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpdeletesystem --help [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpdeletesystem -d /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 -f 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking for database dump files... 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Getting segment information... 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Instance Deletion Parameters 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------- 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Master hostname ?????????????????= localhost 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Master data directory ???????????= /opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Master port ?????????????????????= 5432 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Force delete of dump files ??????= ON 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Batch size ????????????????????????????????= 32 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------- 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Segment Instance List 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------- 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Host:Datadir:Port 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-mdw:/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1:5432 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw1:/opt/greenplum/data1/primary/gpseg0:6000 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw2:/opt/greenplum/data1/mirror/gpseg0:7000 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw1:/opt/greenplum/data2/primary/gpseg1:6001 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw2:/opt/greenplum/data2/mirror/gpseg1:7001 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw2:/opt/greenplum/data1/primary/gpseg2:6000 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw1:/opt/greenplum/data1/mirror/gpseg2:7000 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw2:/opt/greenplum/data2/primary/gpseg3:6001 20191219:09:47:57:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-sdw1:/opt/greenplum/data2/mirror/gpseg3:7001Continue with Greenplum instance deletion? Yy|Nn (default=N): > y 20191219:09:48:01:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-FINAL WARNING, you are about to delete the Greenplum instance 20191219:09:48:01:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-on master host localhost. 20191219:09:48:01:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-There are database dump files, these will be DELETED if you continue!Continue with Greenplum instance deletion? Yy|Nn (default=N): > y 20191219:09:48:15:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Stopping database... 20191219:09:48:17:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Deleting tablespace directories... 20191219:09:48:17:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Waiting for worker threads to delete tablespace dirs... 20191219:09:48:17:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Deleting segments and removing data directories... 20191219:09:48:17:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Waiting for worker threads to complete... 20191219:09:48:18:020973 gpdeletesystem:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-Delete system completed but warnings were generated.

刪除完成后再根據自己需要，調整集群初始化配置文件，并重新初始化。
vi /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config
gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_host -D

4.3.4 配置pg_hba.conf

根據訪問需要 ，配置pg_hba.conf。
/opt/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf

詳情參考后文：5.2.1. 配置 pg_hba.conf

5 安裝成功后配置

5.1 psql 登陸gp 并設置密碼

是用psql 登錄gp, 一般命令格式為：

psql -h hostname -p port -d database -U user -W password

-h后面接對應的master或者segment主機名
-p后面接master或者segment的端口號
-d后面接數據庫名可將上述參數配置到用戶環境變量中，linux 中使用gpadmin用戶不需要密碼。
psql 登錄，并設置gpadmin用戶密碼示例：

[gpadmin@mdw gpconfigs]$ psql psql (9.4.24) Type "help" for help.gpdw=# ALTER USER gpadmin WITH PASSWORD 'gpadmin'; ALTER ROLE gpdw=# \q

5.1.1 登陸到不同節點

參數示意：

#登陸主節點 [gpadmin@mdw gpconfigs]$ PGOPTIONS='-c gp_session_role=utility' psql -h mdw -p5432 -d postgres#登陸到segment，需要指定segment 端口。 [gpadmin@mdw gpconfigs]$ PGOPTIONS='-c gp_session_role=utility' psql -h sdw1 -p6000 -d postgres

5.2 客戶端登陸gp

配置 pg_hba.conf
配置 postgresql.conf

5.2.1. 配置 pg_hba.conf

?參考配置說明：https://blog.csdn.net/yaoqiancuo3276/article/details/80404883

vi /opt/greenplum523/data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf# TYPE ?DATABASE ???????USER ???????????ADDRESS ????????????????METHOD # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only # IPv4 local connections: # IPv6 local connections: local ???all ????????gpadmin ????????ident host ????all ????????gpadmin ????????127.0.0.1/28 ???trust host ????all ????????gpadmin ????????172.28.25.204/32 ??????trust host ????all ????????gpadmin ????????0.0.0.0/0 ??md5 ?# 新增規則允許任意ip 密碼登陸 host ????all ????????gpadmin ????????::1/128 ??????trust host ????all ????????gpadmin ????????fe80::250:56ff:fe91:63fc/128 ??????trust local ???replication gpadmin ????????ident host ????replication gpadmin ????????samenet ??????trust

5.2.2. 修改postgresql.conf?

postgresql.conf里的監聽地址設置為:
listen_addresses = '*' ??# 允許監聽任意ip gp6.0 默認會設置這個參數為 listen_addresses = '*' ?

vi /opt/greenplum523/data/master/gpseg-1/postgresql.conf

5.2.3. 加載修改的文件

gpstop -u?

至此，安裝完成。是用客戶端軟件登錄驗證即可。

后續再安裝擴展插件，如gpcc, dblink,madlib 等

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