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气象netCDF数据可视化分析
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前言
NetCDF(network Common Data Form)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通用數(shù)據(jù)格式是由美國大學(xué)大氣研究協(xié)會（University Corporation for Atmospheric Research，UCAR)的Unidata項目科學(xué)家針對科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)的特點開發(fā)的，是一種面向數(shù)組型并適于網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享的數(shù)據(jù)的描述和編碼標準。 對程序員來說，它和zip、jpeg、bmp文件格式類似，都是一種文件格式的標準。netcdf文件開始的目的是用于存儲氣象科學(xué)中的數(shù)據(jù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為許多數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件的生成文件的格式。
特點：NetCDF文件是自描述的二進制數(shù)據(jù)格式，即自帶描述屬性信息。通常包含了變量、維度和屬性，變量包含了維度、屬性（如數(shù)據(jù)單位）信息及變量的值。維度部分記錄的是每個變量的維度名及長度。屬性部分包含了一些額外信息，比如文件創(chuàng)建者等。
很多工具都可以處理NetCDF文件，比如MATLAB，Python，Java，NCL，GrADS，CDO，NCO，Panoply，ArcMap等等。NetCDF文件數(shù)據(jù)下載地址 這里主要講一下如何利用D3在前端處理NetCDF文件進行可視化分析。 核心代碼如下
<script>
//--------------------------------------
// 縮放控制
function zoomed() {var transform = d3.event.transform;projection.scale(scale * transform.k);updatePaths(svg);
}
//--------------------------------------
function dragstarted() {v0 = versor.cartesian(projection.invert(d3.mouse(this)));r0 = projection.rotate();q0 = versor(r0);
}
//--------------------------------------
// 拖拽控制
function dragged(d) {var v1 = versor.cartesian(projection.rotate(r0).invert(d3.mouse(this))),q1 = versor.multiply(q0, versor.delta(v0, v1)),r1 = versor.rotation(q1);projection.rotate(r1);updatePaths(svg);
}
//--------------------------------------
function updatePaths(svg) {svg.forEach(function(e) {e.selectAll('path.contours').attr("d", geoPath);e.selectAll('path.graticule').attr('d', geoPath);e.selectAll('path.land').attr('d', geoPath);});
}
//--------------------------------------
function createMap(id, values, range) {var svg = d3.select('body').select(id).append('svg').attr('width', width).attr('height', height);var group = svg.append("g").datum([]);var extent = d3.extent(values);// 顏色插值var color = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolatePlasma)//.domain(d3.extent(values));.domain(range);// console.log(d3.extent(values));// 生成等值線var contours = d3.contours().thresholds(d3.range(Math.floor(extent[0]/delta)*delta, Math.ceil(extent[1]/delta)*delta, delta)).smooth(true).size([isize, jsize]);// 對生成的等值線進行填色group//.attr("class", "contour-stroke").selectAll("path").data(contours(values).map(invert)).enter().append("path").attr('class', 'contours').attr("fill", function(d) { return color(d.value); }).attr("d", geoPath);group.append('path').datum(graticule).attr('class', 'graticule').attr('d', geoPath);group.append("path").datum(world).attr("class", "land").attr("d", geoPath);// zoom on svg; drag on groupgroup.call(d3.drag().on('start', dragstarted).on('drag', dragged));svg.call(d3.zoom().on('zoom', zoomed));return svg;
}
//==========================================
function invert(d) {var shared = {};var p = {type: "Polygon",coordinates: d3.merge(d.coordinates.map(function(polygon) {return polygon.map(function(ring) {return ring.map(function(point) {return [point[0] / isize * 360 - 180, 90 - point[1] / jsize * 180];}).reverse();});}))};// Record the y-intersections with the antimeridian.p.coordinates.forEach(function(ring) {ring.forEach(function(p) {if (p[0] === -180 || p[0] === 180) {shared[p[1]] |= p[0] === -180 ? 1 : 2;}});});// Offset any unshared antimeridian points to prevent their stitching.p.coordinates.forEach(function(ring) {ring.forEach(function(p) {if ((p[0] === -180 || p[0] === 180) && shared[p[1]] !== 3) {p[0] = p[0] === -180 ? -179.9995 : 179.9995;}});});p = d3.geoStitch(p);// If the MultiPolygon is empty, treat it as the Sphere.return p.coordinates.length? {type: "Polygon", coordinates: p.coordinates, value: d.value}: {type: "Sphere", value: d.value};
}
//==========================================
function reverseVar(values) {values = nj.array(values).reshape(jsize,isize); values = values.slice([null, null, -1],null);values = values.flatten().tolist();return values;
}//==========================================
var svg = [];
var world;
var graticule;var width = 400,height = 400,scale = 200,origin = {x: 55, y: -40};var v0, // Mouse position in Cartesian coordinates at start of drag gesture.r0, // Projection rotation as Euler angles at start.q0; // Projection rotation as versor at start.
// 正交投影
var projection = d3.geoOrthographic().scale(scale).translate([width/2, height/2]).rotate([origin.x, origin.y]).center([0, 0]);
// 確定投影坐標系
var geoPath = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);var min = -12;
var max = 12;
var delta = 2;
var nbLevels = Math.abs(max-min)/delta + 1;var color = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolatePlasma).domain([min,max]);//==========================================
var urlpath = "navy_winds_2.nc"
var reader;
var isize, jsize;
// 讀取netCDF文件數(shù)據(jù)
var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
oReq.open("GET", urlpath, true);
oReq.responseType = "blob";oReq.onload = function(oEvent) {var blob = oReq.response;reader_url = new FileReader();reader_url.onload = function(e) {//====================================================================================reader = new netcdfjs(this.result);isize = reader.dimensions[0].size;jsize = reader.dimensions[1].size;var dim0Name = reader.dimensions[0].name;var dim1Name = reader.dimensions[1].name;axis0 = reader.getDataVariable(dim0Name);axis1 = reader.getDataVariable(dim1Name);var valuesVar1 = reader.getDataVariable('UWND');valuesVar1 = reverseVar(valuesVar1);var valuesVar2 = reader.getDataVariable('VWND');valuesVar2 = reverseVar(valuesVar2);range = [-12, 12];d3.json("world-110m.json", function(error, worldJSON) {if (error) throw error;world = topojson.feature(worldJSON, worldJSON.objects.land);graticule = d3.geoGraticule();svg1 = createMap("#map1", valuesVar1, range);svg.push(svg1);svg2 = createMap("#map2", valuesVar2, range);svg.push(svg2);svgLegend = d3.select("#legend").append('svg').attr('width', 60).attr('height', 800);svgLegend.append("g").attr("class", "legendLinear");var legendLinear = d3.legendColor().shapeWidth(15).shapeHeight(15).shapePadding(1).cells(nbLevels).orient('vertical').ascending(true).labelAlign('start').scale(color);svgLegend.select(".legendLinear").call(legendLinear);});//====================================================================================}reader_url.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);}
oReq.send(); //start process</script>
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