linux shell if
linux_if 參數(shù)
shell 編程中使用到得if語句內(nèi)判斷參數(shù)
–b 當file存在并且是塊文件時返回真
-c 當file存在并且是字符文件時返回真
-d 當pathname存在并且是一個目錄時返回真
-e 當pathname指定的文件或目錄存在時返回真
-f 當file存在并且是正規(guī)文件時返回真
-g 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且設置了SGID位時返回為真
-h 當file存在并且是符號鏈接文件時返回真,該選項在一些老系統(tǒng)上無效
-k 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且設置了“粘滯”位時返回真
-p 當file存在并且是命令管道時返回為真
-r 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且可讀時返回為真
-s 當file存在文件大小大于0時返回真
-u 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且設置了SUID位時返回真
-w 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且可執(zhí)行時返回真。一個目錄為了它的內(nèi)容被訪問必然是可執(zhí)行的。
-o 當由pathname指定的文件或目錄存在并且被子當前進程的有效用戶ID所指定的用戶擁有時返回真。
UNIX Shell 里面比較字符寫法:
-eq?? 等于
-ne??? 不等于
-gt??? 大于
-lt??? 小于
-le??? 小于等于
-ge?? 大于等于
-z??? 空串
=??? 兩個字符相等
!=??? 兩個字符不等
-n??? 非空串
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
更為詳細的說明:
運算符???????????????????? 描述????????????????????????? 示例
文件比較運算符
-e filename???? 如果 filename 存在,則為真??????????? [ -e /var/log/syslog ]
-d filename???? 如果 filename 為目錄,則為真????????? [ -d /tmp/mydir ]
-f filename???? 如果 filename 為常規(guī)文件,則為真????? [ -f /usr/bin/grep ]
-L filename???? 如果 filename 為符號鏈接,則為真????? [ -L /usr/bin/grep ]
-r filename???? 如果 filename 可讀,則為真??????????? [ -r /var/log/syslog ]
-w filename???? 如果 filename 可寫,則為真??????????? [ -w /var/mytmp.txt ]
-x filename???? 如果 filename 可執(zhí)行,則為真????????? [ -L /usr/bin/grep ]
filename1 -nt filename2 如果 filename1 比 filename2 新,則為真 [ /tmp/install/etc/services -nt /etc/services ]
filename1 -ot filename2?? 如果 filename1 比 filename2 舊,則為真? [ /boot/bzImage -ot arch/i386/boot/bzImage ]
字符串比較運算符 (請注意引號的使用,這是防止空格擾亂代碼的好方法)
-z string?????????????? 如果 string 長度為零,則為真?????????????? [ -z $myvar ]
-n string????????????????????? 如果 string 長度非零,則為真??????? [ -n $myvar ]
string1 = string2???????? 如果 string1 與 string2 相同,則為真???? [ $myvar = one two three ]
string1 != string2??????? 如果 string1 與 string2 不同,則為真???? [ $myvar != one two three ]
算術比較運算符
num1 -eq num2????????????? 等于???????? [ 3 -eq $mynum ]
num1 -ne num2????????????? 不等于?????? [ 3 -ne $mynum ]
num1 -lt num2?????????????? 小于??????? [ 3 -lt $mynum ]
num1 -le num2??????????? 小于或等于???? [ 3 -le $mynum ]
num1 -gt num2???????????? 大于????????? [ 3 -gt $mynum ]
num1 -ge num2???????????? 大于或等于??? [ 3 -ge $mynum ]
?
linux_if 格式
?
if 語句格式
| if??條件 then ?Command else ?Command fi??????????????????????????????別忘了這個結尾 |
| If語句忘了結尾fi test.sh: line 14: syntax error:?unexpected end of fi |
????if 的三種條件表達式
| if command then if ?函數(shù) then | ?命令執(zhí)行成功,等于返回0 (比如grep ,找到匹配) 執(zhí)行失敗,返回非0 (grep,沒找到匹配) |
| if [ expression_r_r_r??] then? | ?表達式結果為真,則返回0,if把0值引向then |
| if test expression_r_r_r then | ?表達式結果為假,則返回非0,if把非0值引向then |
??????
???[ ] &&??——快捷if
| [ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo "This computer uses shadow passwors" |
| ???&& 可以理解為then ????如果左邊的表達式為真則執(zhí)行右邊的語句 |
?
????shell的if與c語言if的功能上的區(qū)別
| ?shell if | ????c語言if |
| 0為真,走then | ?正好相反,非0走then |
| ?不支持整數(shù)變量直接if 必須:if [ i –ne 0 ] 但支持字符串變量直接if if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 | ?支持變量直接if if (i ) |
?
=================================以command作為if 條件===================================
??
????以多條command或者函數(shù)作為if 條件
| echo –n “input:” read user if 多條指令,這些命令之間相當于“and”(與) grep $user /etc/passwd >/tmp/null?????? who -u | grep $user then?????????????上邊的指令都執(zhí)行成功,返回值$?為0,0為真,運行then ?echo "$user has logged" else?????指令執(zhí)行失敗,$?為1,運行else ??????????????????????????? ?echo "$user has not logged" fi??? |
| # sh test.sh input : macg macg?????pts/0????????May 15 15:55???.??????????2075 (192.168.1.100) macg has logged ??? # sh test.sh input : ddd ddd has not logged?? |
????以函數(shù)作為if條件??(函數(shù)就相當于command,函數(shù)的優(yōu)點是其return值可以自定義)
| if 以函數(shù)作為if條件, getyn then???函數(shù)reture值0為真,走then echo " your answer is yes" else??函數(shù)return值非0為假,走else echo "your anser is no" fi?? |
???if command??等價于 command+if $?
| $ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh if cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 then echo found else echo "no found" fi | ?$ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $? echo found else echo $? echo "no found" fi |
| $ sh testsh.sh no found?? | $ sh testsh.sh 1 no found |
| $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file found | $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file 0 found |
???
========================================以條件表達式作為 if條件=============================
????傳統(tǒng)if 從句子——以條件表達式作為 if條件
if [ 條件表達式 ]
then
?command
?command
?command
else
?command
?command
fi
???
???條件表達式
- 文件表達式
if [ -f??file ]????如果文件存在
if [ -d ...???]????如果目錄存在
if [ -s file??]????如果文件存在且非空?
if [ -r file??]????如果文件存在且可讀
if [ -w file??] ???如果文件存在且可寫
if [ -x file??] ???如果文件存在且可執(zhí)行 ??
- 整數(shù)變量表達式
if [ int1 -eq int2 ]????如果int1等于int2???
if [ int1 -ne int2 ]????如果不等于 ???
if [ int1 -ge int2 ]???????如果>=
if [ int1 -gt int2 ]???????如果>
if [ int1 -le int2 ]???????如果<=
if [ int1 -lt int2 ]???????如果<
???
- ???字符串變量表達式
If??[ $a = $b ]?????????????????如果string1等于string2
????????????????????????????????字符串允許使用賦值號做等號
if??[ $string1 !=??$string2 ]???如果string1不等于string2???????
if??[ -n $string??]?????????????如果string 非空(非0),返回0(true)??
if??[ -z $string??]?????????????如果string 為空
if??[ $sting ]??????????????????如果string 非空,返回0 (和-n類似) ???
????條件表達式引用變量要帶$
| if [ a = b ] ;then???? echo equal else echo no equal fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 no equal??(等于表達式?jīng)]比較$a和$b,而是比較和a和b,自然a!=b) |
改正:
| if [ $a = $b ] ;then??????? echo equal else echo no equal fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 equal |
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??-eq??-ne??-lt??-nt只能用于整數(shù),不適用于字符串,字符串等于用賦值號=
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo -n "input your choice:" read var if??[ $var -eq "yes" ] then echo $var fi [macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh input your choice: y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integer expression_r_r_r expected ???????????????????????期望整數(shù)形式,即-eq不支持字符串 |
????=放在別的地方是賦值,放在if [ ] 里就是字符串等于,shell里面沒有==的,那是c語言的等于
???無空格的字符串,可以加" ",也可以不加
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a echo "input is $a" if [ $a = 123 ] ; then echo equal123 fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 input is 123 equal123? |
????= 作為等于時,其兩邊都必須加空格,否則失效
等號也是操作符,必須和其他變量,關鍵字,用空格格開 (等號做賦值號時正好相反,兩邊不能有空格)
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [?$var="yes"?] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi | [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [?$var = "yes"?]???在等號兩邊加空格 then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input is correct [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n???? n input is correct? 輸錯了也走then,都走then,為什么? 因為if把$var="yes"連讀成一個變量,而此變量為空,返回1,則走else | ?[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input error [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no??????????????????????? no input error 一切正常 |
????If??[??$ANS??]?????等價于??if [ -n $ANS ]
??????如果字符串變量非空(then) , 空(else)
| echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS ] then echo no empty else echo empth fi? |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice:???????????????????????回車 ???????????????????????????????????????????????? empth????????????????????????????????????說明“回車”就是空串 [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 34 no empty? |
?
????整數(shù)條件表達式,大于,小于,shell里沒有> 和< ,會被當作尖括號,只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a if??[ $a -ge 100 ] ; then echo 3bit else echo 2bit fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 20 2bit |
?整數(shù)操作符號-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 別忘了加-
| if??test $a??ge?100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
| if??test $a -ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit |
============================邏輯表達式=========================================
????邏輯非 !???????????????????條件表達式的相反
if [ ! 表達式 ]
if [ ! -d $num ]????????????????????????如果不存在目錄$num
????邏輯與 –a????????????????????條件表達式的并列
if [ 表達式1??–a??表達式2 ]
????邏輯或 -o????????????????????條件表達式的或
if [ 表達式1??–o 表達式2 ]
???
???邏輯表達式
- ????表達式與前面的=??!= -d –f –x -ne -eq -lt等合用
?
- ????邏輯符號就正常的接其他表達式,沒有任何括號( ),就是并列
if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]
- ????注意邏輯與-a與邏輯或-o很容易和其他字符串或文件的運算符號搞混了
??最常見的賦值形式,賦值前對=兩邊的變量都進行評測
左邊測變量是否為空,右邊測目錄(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
| ? |
| [macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh : echo "input the num:" read num echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]???如果變量$JHHOME為空,且$HOME/$num目錄存在 then JHHOME=$HOME/$num??????????????????????則賦值 fi echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME"?? |
| ----------------------- [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is 目錄-d $HOME/$num???不存在,所以$JHHOME沒被then賦值 |
| [macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
????一個-o的例子,其中卻揭示了”=”必須兩邊留空格的問題
| echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [?$ANS="Yes"?-o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no y 為什么輸入不是yes,結果仍是y(走then) 因為=被連讀了,成了變量$ANS="Yes",而變量又為空,所以走else了 |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read ANS????echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [?$ANS = "Yes"?-o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no n [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: yes y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y |
===================以??test 條件表達式 作為if條件===================================
????if test $num -eq 0??????等價于???if [ $num –eq 0 ]
????test??表達式,沒有 [??]
if test $num -eq 0????????????????
then
echo "try again"
else
echo "good"
fi
????man test
| [macg@machome ~]$ man test [(1)?????????????????????????????User Commands????????????????????????????[(1) SYNOPSIS ???????test EXPRESSION ???????[ EXPRESSION ] ???????[-n] STRING ??????????????the length of STRING is nonzero??????????-n和直接$str都是非0條件 ???????-z STRING ??????????????the length of STRING is zero ???????STRING1 = STRING2 ??????????????the strings are equal ???????STRING1 != STRING2 ??????????????the strings are not equal ???????INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 ???????INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2 ???????INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2 ???????INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2 ???????INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2 ???????INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 ??????????????INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2 ???????FILE1 -nt FILE2 ??????????????FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 ???????FILE1 -ot FILE2 ??????????????FILE1 is older than FILE2 ???????-b FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is block special ???????-c FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is character special ???????-d FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a directory ???????-e FILE ??????????????FILE exists?????????????????????????????????文件存在 ???????-f FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a regular file?????文件存在且是普通文件 ???????-h FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) ???????-L FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) ???????-G FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID ???????-O FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID ???????-p FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a named pipe ???????-s FILE ??????????????FILE exists and has a size greater than zero ???????-S FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is a socket ???????-w FILE ??????????????FILE exists and is writable ???????-x FILE FILE exists and is executable ? |
======================if簡化語句=================================
????最常用的簡化if語句
| ???&& 如果是“前面”,則“后面” [ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm /var/run/dhcpd.pid????檢查 文件是否存在,如果存在就刪掉 |
| ???||???如果不是“前面”,則后面 [ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit 0????檢驗文件是否存在,如果存在就退出 |
?
????用簡化 if 和$1,$2,$3來檢測參數(shù),不合理就調(diào)用help
[ -z "$1" ] && help?????????????????如果第一個參數(shù)不存在(-z??字符串長度為0 )
[ "$1" = "-h" ] && help????????????????????????如果第一個參數(shù)是-h,就顯示help
例子
#!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Sir-Li/p/4080811.html
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