2021年編程列入高考

It has been almost eight months in 2020, and yet the forecasts for 2020 do not seem to end. While predicting the future of such a dynamically changing industry, as a software developer, it is not an easy task to survive. People who are engaged with software may have seen many technologies come and be gone forever, without even knowing, since it’s hard to survive in the software industry.

到2020年已經快八個月了，但是2020年的預測似乎還沒有結束。 在預測這樣一個動態變化的行業的未來時，作為軟件開發人員，要生存下去并非易事。 從事軟件的人們可能已經不知不覺地看到了許多技術的長生不老，因為在軟件行業很難生存。

But if we look back, programming languages have a huge history with many key components. C and Java are two of the oldest and still survive in the industry. But if we check out which positions they are in or how much popularity they have gained, we can say that the curve is going down.

但是，如果回顧一下，編程語言擁有許多重要組成部分的悠久歷史。 C和Java是最古老的兩個，并且在業界仍然存在。 但是，如果我們查看一下他們所處的位置或獲得的人氣，我們可以說曲線正在下降。

As a developer, I am in love with JavaScript (like, I am having an eternal bond) and have been using JavaScript for some time now. But if we can open our eyes and look around the developer world, things might have slightly changed. Let’s select what language to use in 2021 out of JavaScript, Python, and Go. Before talking about the pros of each language, let me show you some online surveys and their results.

作為開發人員，我愛上了JavaScript(例如，我擁有永恒的紐帶)，并且已經使用JavaScript已有一段時間了。 但是，如果我們睜開眼睛看看開發人員世界，情況可能會稍有改變。 讓我們從JavaScript，Python和Go中選擇一種在2021年使用的語言。 在討論每種語言的優點之前，讓我向您展示一些在線調查及其結果。

調查和其他數據 (Surveys and Other Data)

堆棧溢出調查 (Stack Overflow survey)

Stack Overflow’s annual developer survey is the largest and most comprehensive survey of people who code around the world. More than 90,000 developers have participated in this survey. As per them, we can see that Python leads the ladder while JavaScript and Go are at the second and third places respectively. But wait — -this is the survey which was conducted in 2019. As a rapidly growing language, the popularity of Go is increasing crazily. In my opinion, I think stats are probably going to change in 2020.

Stack Overflow的年度開發人員調查是對全球編碼人員的最大，最全面的調查。 超過90,000個開發人員參加了此調查。 按照它們，我們可以看到Python領先，而JavaScript和Go分別位于第二和第三位。 但是，等等-這是在2019年進行的調查。作為一種快速增長的語言，Go的受歡迎程度正在瘋狂增加。 我認為，統計數據可能會在2020年發生變化。

Figure 01: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019圖01： https : //insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019

GitHub-GitHut排名 (GitHub-GitHut rankings)

The GitHub 2.0 graph below shows the number of pull requests taken during the years 2013 through 2019. As we can see in the graph, JavaScript is above all other languages. But we cannot see Go in the graph, while Python is in second place.

下面的GitHub 2.0圖顯示了從2013年到2019年之間接受的拉取請求的數量。從圖中可以看出，JavaScript在所有其他語言之上。 但是當Python位居第二時，我們無法在圖中看到Go。

Figure 02: https://madnight.github.io/githut/#/pull_requests/2020/2圖02： https : //madnight.github.io/githut/#/pull_requests/2020/2

But by observing the rankings given for each programming language, we can see that the popularity of Go is increasing significantly, whereas the popularity of JavaScript and Python is tending to decrease.

但是通過觀察每種編程語言的排名，我們可以看到Go的流行度正在顯著增加，而JavaScript和Python的流行度卻在下降。

https://madnight.github.io/githut/#/pull_requests/2020/2https ://madnight.github.io/githut/#/pull_requests/2020/2

GitHub儲存庫 (GitHub repositories)

Figure 04: https://github.com/python/cpython圖04： https : //github.com/python/cpython Figure 05: https://github.com/nodejs/node圖05： https : //github.com/nodejs/node Figure 06: https://github.com/golang/go圖06： https : //github.com/golang/go

According to those GitHub repositories, we can see that developer attraction to Go is getting high. Both the watch number and the stars for the Go repository are higher, though folks are less inclined toward GO than the JavaScript and Python repositories.

根據這些GitHub存儲庫，我們可以看到開發人員對Go的吸引力越來越高。 Go存儲庫的手表號和星號都更高，盡管與JavaScript和Python存儲庫相比，人們對GO的偏愛要小。

thom holmes on 湯姆·霍姆斯在UnsplashUnsplash

為什么選擇Python？ (Why Select Python?)

Python is a high-level dynamically typed programming language that has been getting popularity in the IT industry for some years. As per a lot of surveys, Python can be recognized as the most popular language for the past decade.

Python是一種高級的動態類型編程語言，在IT行業中已經流行了很多年。 根據許多調查，Python被認為是過去十年中最受歡迎的語言。

Python的優點 (Pros of Python)

• With Python, you can solve complex problems in less time with fewer lines of code.
  使用Python，您可以用更少的代碼行在更短的時間內解決復雜的問題。
• Python makes a lot of complex things really easy with a simple yet powerful syntax.
  使用簡單但功能強大的語法，Python確實使許多復雜的事情變得非常容易。
• It’s a high-level language, so you don’t have to worry about complex tasks such as memory management, as you do in C++.
  這是一種高級語言，因此您不必像使用C ++那樣擔心諸如內存管理之類的復雜任務。
• It is cross-platform, which means you can build and run Python applications on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
  它是跨平臺的，這意味著您可以在Windows，Mac和Linux上構建和運行Python應用程序。
• It has a huge community. Whenever you get stuck, there is someone out there to help.
  它有一個龐大的社區。 每當您遇到困難時，都會有人幫助您。
• It has a large number of libraries, frameworks, and tools. This means that whatever you want to do, it’s likely that someone else has done it before because Python has been around for over 20 years.
  它具有大量的庫，框架和工具。 這意味著無論您想做什么，很可能其他人以前都做過，因為Python已經問世20多年了。

In a nutshell, Python is a multi-purpose language with a simple, clean, and beginner-friendly syntax. All of that means Python is awesome. Technically, everything you do with Python, you can also do with other programming languages. But Python’s simplicity and elegance have made it grow way more than other programming languages. That’s why it’s the number one language employers are looking for. Whether you’re a programmer or an absolute beginner, learning Python opens up a lot of job opportunities to you in 2021. In fact, an average Python developer earns a whopping $116,000 a year.

簡而言之，Python是一種多用途語言，具有簡單，干凈且對初學者友好的語法。 所有這些都意味著Python很棒。 從技術上講，您使用Python所做的一切，也可以使用其他編程語言。 但是Python的簡單性和優雅性使其比其他編程語言有了更大??的發展。 這就是為什么它是雇主尋找的第一語言。 無論您是程序員還是絕對的初學者，學習Python都會在2021年為您帶來很多就業機會。實際上，Python開發人員的平均年薪高達116,000美元。

為什么選擇JavaScript(Node.js)？ (Why Select JavaScript (Node.js)?)

Personally I love Node.js because Node.js is where I began back-end development. Up to now, I have talked about programming languages. But for this section, I would like to talk more about Node.js, which is one of the most popular JavaScript run-time environments. As we all know, Node.js is popular in the IT industry for back-end development. One of the major reasons for that is that Node.js is based on JavaScript. If you are a JavaScript developer, you can easily become a full-stack developer, which is an added advantage of knowing JavaScript.

我個人很喜歡Node.js，因為Node.js是我開始進行后端開發的地方。 到目前為止，我已經談到了編程語言。 但是在本節中，我想進一步談談Node.js，它是最流行JavaScript運行時環境之一。 眾所周知，Node.js在IT行業中很受后端開發的歡迎。 主要原因之一是Node.js基于JavaScript。 如果您是JavaScript開發人員，則可以輕松地成為全棧開發人員，這是了解JavaScript的另一項優勢。

JavaScript和Node.js的優點 (Pros of JavaScript and Node.js)

• It’s non-blocking. So that means that Node.js is really fast. (Non-blocking file reading and writing is one of the things that servers need to do. But it is something that Node.js does.)
  這是非阻塞的。 因此，這意味著Node.js確實非常快。 (非阻塞文件讀寫是服務器需要做的事情之一。但這是Node.js要做的事情。)
• There is one language in which to write for the front end and the back end.
  前端和后端使用一種語言編寫。
• It’s used by major companies, such as Uber, LinkedIn, Netflix, and Facebook.
  Uber，LinkedIn，Netflix和Facebook等主要公司都在使用它。
• It’s cross-platform. This means you can build and run Node.js applications on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
  它是跨平臺的。 這意味著您可以在Windows，Mac和Linux上構建和運行Node.js應用程序。

• It has a huge community. (Gitter is one of the communities I am currently in. Also, you can find Slack channels and Stack Overflow discussions.)

  它有一個龐大的社區。 ( Gitter是我目前所在的社區之一。此外，您可以找到Slack頻道和Stack Overflow討論。)

• It is not a bloated framework. That means it’s a web server technology that you can use with different frameworks that exist for Node.js, like Express, one of the popular Node.js frameworks.
  它不是一個腫的框架。 這意味著它是一種Web服務器技術，可以與Node.js已有的不同框架一起使用，例如Express，這是流行的Node.js框架之一。

Again we can see that Node.js is also going to be a great JavaScript environment to use in back-end development. By observing the below graph, we can see that JavaScript is used for both back-end and front-end development in a similar percentage during the 2019–2020 range. If we take a look at the average Node.js developer salary in the U.S., we see that it ranges from $48,000 to $130,000 per year.

再一次，我們可以看到Node.js還將成為在后端開發中使用的絕佳JavaScript環境。 通過觀察下圖，我們可以看到在2019–2020年期間，JavaScript用于后端和前端開發的比例相似。 如果我們看一下Node.js在美國的開發人員的平均工資，我們看到它的年薪在48,000美元到130,000美元之間。

Figure 07: https://nodejs.org/en/user-survey-report/圖07： https : //nodejs.org/en/user-survey-report/

為什么選擇去？ (Why Select Go?)

Go is an open-source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software. It was originally announced in 2009, but it has gained less popularity than Python and JavaScript since then. But Go has been named as the programming language of the year two times. Also, Go has become the most loved programming language of 67.9% of developers. Obviously, there are reasons why developers started loving Go.

Go是一種開放源代碼編程語言，可輕松構建簡單，可靠和高效的軟件。 它最初是在2009年宣布的，但自那時以來，其流行度一直低于Python和JavaScript。 但是Go兩次被評為年度編程語言。 此外，Go已成為67.9％的開發人員最喜歡的編程語言。 顯然，有一些原因使開發人員開始喜歡Go。

Figure 08: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019圖08： https : //insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019

Go的優點 (Pros of Go)

• It is so productive. Since Go is a C-like language, you don’t need to know a new syntax.
  如此高效。 由于Go是一種類似于C的語言，因此您無需了解新的語法。
• Go is also a cross-platform language.
  Go也是一種跨平臺語言。
• It is a simple language. But why? The answer is it has only 25 keywords and a lesser number of data structures (no classes, only functions and types).
  這是一種簡單的語言。 但為什么？ 答案是它只有25個關鍵字和較少數量的數據結構(沒有類，只有函數和類型)。
• It is a reliable language. It’s a fast language. It supports concurrency by default, has a beautiful model, and handles production-ready servers by default.
  這是一種可靠的語言。 這是一種快速的語言。 默認情況下，它支持并發，具有漂亮的模型并默認情況下處理可用于生產環境的服務器。
• Go does not update so often. If it updates, it doesn’t have breaking changes, and Go is 100% compatible with older versions.
  Go不會經常更新。 如果更新，則沒有重大更改，并且Go與舊版本100％兼容。
• Go is a mature language now. (Go has a built-in package manager testing framework and a concurrency model.)
  Go現在是一種成熟的語言。 (Go具有內置的包管理器測試框架和并發模型。)

Based on the above pros, we can see that Go is also an awesome language. You might wonder why it took that much time to figure that out, why you have not started using Go yet. On my side, I thought the same. As we have seen, most of the programmers learn with C language as their first programming language. If you have started that way, learning and using Go will be effortless for you.

基于以上優點，我們可以看到Go也是一種很棒的語言。 您可能想知道為什么要花這么多時間才能弄清這一點，為什么還沒有開始使用Go。 在我這邊，我也這么認為。 如我們所見，大多數程序員都將C語言作為他們的第一門編程語言來學習。 如果您以這種方式開始學習和使用Go，那么對您來說將毫不費力。

If we take a look at an average Go developer’s salary in the U.S., it ranges from $45,000 to $130,000 per year.

如果我們看一下Go開發者在美國的平均薪水，則為每年45,000美元至130,000美元。

“My favorite things in life don’t cost any money. It’s really clear that the most precious resource we all have is time.” — Steve Jobs

“我一生中最喜歡的東西不花錢。 顯然，我們所有人最寶貴的資源就是時間。” — 史蒂夫·喬布斯

結論 (Conclusion)

As we can see, Go has done quite well during the last few years. Also, as per the surveys, we can see that Go is getting quite a significant number of users compared to JavaScript and Python. Surely the popularity and the resources will be increased during the next few months. Even though I started with JavaScript, I select Go as the best back-end programming language to be used in 2021.

如我們所見，Go在過去幾年中做得很好。 此外，根據調查，與JavaScript和Python相比，我們可以看到Go吸引了大量用戶。 當然，在接下來的幾個月中，人氣和資源將會增加。 即使我開始使用JavaScript，我還是選擇Go作為2021年將要使用的最佳后端編程語言。

翻譯自: https://medium.com/better-programming/what-will-be-the-best-back-end-programming-language-for-2021-18096c0c6105

2021年編程列入高考

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的2021年编程列入高考_什么是2021年最佳的后端编程语言？的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。